Which of the following pressures are not experienced by the local jail?
a. The direction of the jail is influenced by local law enforcement officials.
b. Local politics, in particular party patronage, influences the operation of the jail.
c. Local offender assistance programs are usually operated by community self-help
volunteers.
d. All of these are experienced by local jails.
Self-report studies show that __________ have committed a crime.
a. very few people
b. most people
c. more white people
d. fewer people of color
The _________was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth.
a. wergild
b. workhouse
c. penitentiary
d. bridewell
Legislatures concerned with the correctional goal of treatment prescribe a(n):
a. determinate sentencing scheme.
b. indeterminate sentencing scheme.
c. mandatory sentencing scheme.
d. presumptive sentencing scheme.
The circumstances in a correctional facility that, when considered as a whole, may
violate the protections guaranteed by the Eighth Amendment, are known as:
a. a rational basis test.
b. totality of the conditions.
c. totality of the circumstances.
d. least restrictive means test.
The term wergild focuses on which of the following:
a. rehabilitation for offenders
b. money paid to relatives or victims of a crime
c. educational programs
d. vocational programs
An inmate’s eligibility for release into community supervision depends on requirements
set by the law and _________.
a. sentence status
b. rehabilitation status
c. Offense
d. victim status
With the exception of those working for corporate and nonprofit organizations,
correctional personnel are:
a. executive personnel.
b. private contractors.
c. public employees.
d. management.
Every offender assigned to corrections is:
a. guilty.
b. violent.
c. Unique.
d. drug addicted.
Analysts argue that public opinion for the death penalty is:
a. impossible to gauge.
b. strongly in favor.
c. strongly opposed.
d. somewhat confusing.
Recreational programs have two primary purposes. They include socialization and
_________.
a. religion
b. gang membership
c. self-image enhancement
d. drug trade
a. Apply objective criteria to all prisoners
b. IQs of less than 70 criminal conduct
c. Person who sees criminality as their life correctional treatment
d. Mental patient returns to the community
e. Susan Smith is one
f. Confined for life or until cured
g. Classification based on possible future
h. Classification based on appropriate
i. Classification based on seriousness of crime
j. person spends more than 10 years incarcerated
1) Deinstitutionalization
2) Civil commitment
3) Classification systems
4) Offense criteria
5) Risk criteria
6) Situational offender
7) career criminal
8) Mentally handicapped
9) long term prisoner
10) Program criteria
An emphasis on _________is what matters most in the philosophy of an agency.
a. Control
b. Policy
c. Rehabilitation
d. Reintegration
a. Build our way out of overcrowding
b. Strains staff morale
c. Cheaper than prison
d. Let prisons become more and more crowded
e. Incarceration rate above historical norms
f. African Americans/Hispanics
g. higher prison populations as a whole
h. Average U.S. incarceration rate from 2000-2007
i. Higher rate of imprisonment of specific groups
j. Raw material of corrections
1) Null Strategy
2) Construction Strategy
3) Intermediate Sanctions
4) Feature of mass imprisonment
5) Overcrowding
6) Offenders
7) Feature of mass imprisonment
8) 490 per 100,000
9) largest percent of inmate population
10) States with higher revenues
Those serving on a parole board are appointed by the:
a. Warden
b. Governor
c. Director
d. Officers
Which of the following was not an innovation initially developed by John Augustus?
a. Probation
b. Supervision conditions
c. Home detention
d. Presentence investigation
Recent research has indicated that rehabilitation can work if __________ are/is focused
upon.
a. criminogenic needs
b. drug abuse
c. motivation of the offender
d. all of these
According to sociologists, the “big house” image of the American prison has:
a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison.
b. provided us with a deeper understanding of the modern prison.
c. spawned a great deal of humanitarian reform in the eyes of the public.
d. created interest in the operations of the modern prison among the general public.
This case specified the “essentials” required by Kentnotice, hearing, counsel, and
cross-examination.
a. In Re Gault
b. In re Winship
c. Breed v. Jones
d. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
Parolees are often required to gain an education, have money and have a _________ as
part of their conditions of release.
a. family
b. child
c. job
d. church
Offenders released under supervisory conditions experience _______ returns to prison
for new crimes than those who leave without required supervision.
a. comparable
b. more
c. fewer
d. corresponding
Pell grants are no longer available to prisoners, this program had provided:
a. tutoring.
b. college loans.
c. mental health services.
d. job assistance.
Older prisoners are more likely to:
a. break prison rules.
b. prefer solitude.
c. seek gang membership for protection.
d. be less stable.
Inmate labor has been sold to private employers:
a. from the first days of prison.
b. beginning after the Civil War.
c. after World War II.
d. shortly after the building of Western Penitentiary.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tends to concentrate
j. Improve and strengthen communities
1) Spatial concentration
2) Community justice
3) Collective efficacy
4) Environmental crime prevention
5) Restorative justice
6) justice reinvestment
7) Adversarial process
8) Problem-solving approach
9) Criminal Justice
10) Social Disorganization
The decision to release an inmate is made in the context of:
a. analytical clarity.
b. political fairness.
c. public support.
d. competing goals.
According to your text, jail suicides are primarily caused by:
a. the limited personal space provided in jail facilities.
b. the crisis nature of arrest and detention.
c. emotional instability, which is exacerbated by the jail experience.
d. both the crisis nature of arrest and detention and emotional instability.
According to Quinlan, the most important ingredient in managing a safe & secure
institution is:
a. to keep inmates in treatment.
b. to keep inmates working
c. to keep inmates productively occupied.
d. all of these
Between 1200 and 1827, English law:
a. discriminated against the upper social classes.
b. strove for equality in all matters.
c. discriminated against monks, nuns, and priests.
d. discriminated in favor of the upper social classes.
Judges may go outside of the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or __________
circumstances exist however they must provide a written explanation for this.
a. mitigating
b. maddening
c. frustrating
d. exaggerating
The victim’s perception of the race of the offender
a. is usually accurate.
b. differs from the race of those arrested.
c. has influence over sentencing.
d. is neither here nor there.
Punishments less severe than prison but more restrictive than traditional probation are:
a. restorative sanctions.
b. indefinite sanctions.
c. immediate sanctions.
d. intermediate sanctions.
Because intermediate sanctions rely on discretion there is an opportunity for:
a. clemency.
b. forgiveness.
c. amnesty.
d. bias.
A potential threat to administrators’ ability to manage the correctional system is:
a. media coverage
b. privatization.
c. personnel.
d. a schizophrenic public.
Which of the following are factors in a juvenile’s history that indicates a high risk of
delinquency?
a. behavior problems in elementary school
b. drug dealing
c. antisocial parents
d. all of these
Citizen partnerships between justice agencies and citizen groups improve the legitimacy
of justice programs.
A convicted offender who is imprisoned for a fixed period of time has been given a
__________ sentence.
Parole supervision varies from state to state.
A ____________is a situation that forces one to choose between two unsatisfactory
alternatives.
All evaluations of intensive supervision found that probation officers uncovered more
rules violations than they did in regular probation.
The Auburn System focused on a congregate system of operations.
We have clear evidence that imprisonment is cost effective.
The ______ amendment focuses on the protection of privacy within the scope of search
and seizure.
______________________ provides incentives for people under community
corrections to reduce sentences while completing programs.
The most pressing medical problem in jails is the problem AIDS and HIV.
______________________ regulate parolee conduct that is not criminal but is thought
to be linked to the possibility of future criminality.
Most gangs are alike.
In instances when Women inmates are sexually abused, it is found that their abuser is
generally a corrections officers.
A _________________ is someone who squeals or sells out to the authorities.
Major efforts began by the start of the 19th century in both Europe and the United
States to devise a more severe penal sanction that focused completely on the body.
Most Western democracies impose the death penalty.
Incarcerated women account for approximately _____percent of the federal and state
prison population.
According to the text, there is strong evidence that traditional probation is ineffective
with serious offenders.
____________ is assumed to be a biological concept that divides humankind into
categories related to skin color and other physical features.
Until the 1800s, _______ was authorized to house pretrial detainees, debtors, and
vagrants.