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In Walsh’s theory of the evolution of justice, “grudgers” emerged as a response to “cheaters.” When the to trial, Ted maintains his story on the witness stand. This is known informally as: a. a blue screen b. discretion under oath […]

The informal values of police have been said to include which of the following? a. Cynicism b. Loyalty c. Force d. All these are informal values of police Assume that Sam was given a sentence that included probation with the […]

What form of prevention is aimed at people other than the offender? a. general deterrence b. specific deterrence c. selective incapacitation d. general incapacitation By telling the recruits that they will be “eliminating” victims (as opposed to “killing,” “blowing up,” […]

If any of these examples were arranged specifically to observe Officer Jones to see how he would react to an opportunity for misconduct, the activity would be an example of a: a. graft check. b. corruption review. c. random integrity […]

Explain how the nation’s response to 9/11 has impacted local law enforcement. Answer:answer not provided Explain why the attorney-client privilege is critical to the integrity of the judicial process. Answer:answer not provided Research shows that there is no relation between […]

____________________, as defined by Klockar, are lies that are told to make a job easier or to control a person. Describe and discuss restorative justice and its potential role in dealing with misconduct and corruption in corrections. Answer:answer not provided […]

The prisoners’ rights era of the 1970s gave way to the “due deference” era of today, where courts are more apt to defer to prison officials. Committing suicide on a desert island falls within the sphere of moral judgment. Answer: […]

The ________________________ is an absolute or legalistic model in that attorney’s behavior would always be considered wrong or right depending on the ethical rule guiding the definition. Gilligan suggests women tend to approach moral dilemmas with an orientation emphasizing relationships […]

Explain why “means-end” thinking leads to criminal actions. Answer:answer not provided When faced with a dilemma, one should consider the applicable law or policy, then consider the __________________________. Discuss the similarities between the religious systems presented in the chapter. Answer:answer […]

The idea that groups in society have fundamental differences and that those in power control societal elements, including law, is most consistent with: a. the pluralist paradigm b. the conflict paradigm c. the consensus paradigm d. the repressive paradigm Criticism […]

The responsibilities that are attached to a specific role are called ______________. When an expert witness’ opinions are given great weight – even in areas not within his area of expertise – this is known as the ________________. Answer: halo […]

The rehabilitative era took place in the 1980s. __________ would support paternalistic laws because of the benefit to society that results from protecting each of its members. Answer: Utilitarianism Telling a complainant that a tinfoil helmet will stop “gamma rays” […]

Compare and contrast duties and superogatories. Give an example of each. Answer:answer not provided Conflict-of-interest laws recognize the reality that a public official’s __________ is compromised after receiving things of value from stakeholders. The _________________________ mandated that every state keep […]

The two major arguments against gratuities are the slippery slope argument and the: a. anti-utilitarian argument b. blue erosion argument c. unjust enrichment argument d. anti-bribe argument Research on excessive force finds that: a. It is a widespread problem. b. […]

The use of signs, symbols, words, and arguments to induce compliance is called __________________. Children of inmates are ten times more likely to be delinquent. Answer: F In the NYC study, it was found that women were much less likely […]

Jail officers face unique challenges due to the transitory nature of the jail population. Improper police behavior in the pursut of fighting crime, such as falsifying information to obtain a warrant, is known as _______________ corruption. Answer: noble-cause Under rights-based […]

Which of the following is not a criticism of how the Bar handles complaints of ethical violations? a. Very few sanctions result from investigations. b. The investigative bodies are secretive and informal. c. Lawyers can easily pay a fine to […]

According to the “corruption continuum” organizations can become corrupt through all of the following except: a. administrative indifference toward integrity b. ignoring obvious ethical problems c. hypocrisy and fear dominated culture d. charismatic leadership All public servants have the following […]

Research indicates that workers are more likely to make unethical choices when they are ________________. Superogatories are actions that a moral person must perform. Answer: F __________ rights conflict with the government’s right to enforce morality. Answer: Privacy Explain the […]

In terms of police corruption, the so-called “Queensland model” has become the most well-known: a. ethical model b. integrity model c. utilitarian model d. critical model Which ethical system embraces human’s inclination for self-preservation? a. ethical formalism b. natural law […]

Which of the following is not an exception to the confidentiality rule for defense attorneys? a. prevention of future crime of imminent death or grievous bodily harm b. client consent c. court order d. knowledge of evidence of a murder […]

The Federal Sentencing Guidelines have been the subject of recent Supreme Court rulings, which have: a. upheld their legality b. denied the use of the guidelines only when based on evidence not proven in court c. required the prosecutor to […]

It is possible that this situation developed out of the sight of top administrators at the prison because they are more involved with external matters, such as dealing with the legislature, media, courts, and community. In the text this is […]

List and discuss the elements that all professionals in the criminal justice system have in common. Answer:answer not provided The ABA’s rules prohibit attorney from using ___________, which are non-attorneys who follow up on accidents in order to obtain clients. […]

In the end, the inmate refuses to consent to medication but you have determined that it is medically necessary for the inmate’s safety and well-being that he be given the medication. According to the Supreme Court decision in Washington v. […]

Which of “The 6 Pillars of Character” encompasses the ideas of altruism and benevolence? a. Citizenship b. Trustworthiness c. Caring d. Respect What are the two major areas of judicial discretion? a. sentencing and jury selection b. interpretation of law […]

The idea that people agree on how serious punishments should be supports the pluralist paradigm of law. The scandal at Abu Ghraib led to a national commission to study prison practices in the United States. Answer: T What does research […]

Muir’s typology of police styles includes: a. The professional b. The avoider c. The enforcer d. The watchman The warden considers covering up the situation, with the rationale that he stands to be fired or demoted if the situation becomes […]

During the early 1970s there was an era called the _______________ where many correctional programs were established and there was a belief that corrections could successfully change offenders. List and discuss Klockars’ four elements of police control. Answer:answer not provided […]

In an effort to prevent false confessions, 18 states now require confessions to be: a. recorded by a court reporter, for a judge to review b. sworn to under oath c. witnessed by a defense attorney d. videotaped The authority […]

Which of the following is not associated with learning theory? a. moral reasoning b. cognitive dissonance c. reinforcement d. modeling In Brown’s typology of police styles, which type of officer emphasizes public order and peace officer tasks? a. the professional-style […]

The “Model Rules” specifies that a prosecutor should not use ________________ to discredit a defense witness if the prosecutor knows the witness is testifying truthfully. A prosecutor’s legal duty is to win a conviction. Answer: F What are some possible […]

Your research in the prison law library is discouraging. You discover that a 1996 law called _______________________ drastically curtailed the ability of inmates to file lawsuits. a. The Correctional Procedures Act b. The Inmate Tort Limitation Act c. The Prison […]