Muir’s typology of police styles includes:
a. The professional
b. The avoider
c. The enforcer
d. The watchman
The warden considers covering up the situation, with the rationale that he stands to be
fired or demoted if the situation becomes known outside the institution. This would be
an application of the _______________ viewpoint.
a. Deontological
b. Egoist
c. Utilitarian
d. Marxist
Which of the following is a type of test that measures an individual’s ability to
recognize and/or agree with moral terms?
a. memory tests
b. spatial skill tests
c. recognition tests
d. intelligence tests
Which factor would be unethical for a prosecutor to consider in making charging
decisions?
a. the severity of the crime
b. the quality of evidence
c. the ability to obtain a conviction
d. income of the victim
All of the following changes likely took place in your city and department in the years
following 9/11 except:
a. a reduction of civil liberties
b. a merging of immigration control and traditional law enforcement
c. federal funding for community-policing projects doubled or tripled
d. patrol officers received training regarding the prevention of and response to terrorist
incidents
To decide how you will act, you consider the ethical systems that might apply to the
situation. If you decide to refuse the inmate’s request because you believe your duty to
your job requires you to follow the rules completely, which ethical system would this
illustrate?
a. ethical formalism
b. utilitarianism
c. ethics of care
d. teleological ethics
Studies regarding biological sex differences in brain activity found evidence of sex
differences in all except:
a. antisocial tendencies
b. delinquency
c. conduct disorders
d. intelligence
Subcultural deviance theory is most consistent with which type of ethical system?
a. Deontological
b. Absolutist
c. Legalist
d. Relativist
Emile Durkheim is associated with which paradigm of law?
a. Consensus Paradigm
b. Pluralism
c. Conflict Paradigm
d. Utilitarian Paradigm
Which of the following statements about plea bargaining is correct?
a. plea bargaining generally is not accompanied by ethical concerns
b. plea bargains must be formally requested by the defense
c. plea bargaining occurs in the vast majority of criminal cases
d. plea bargaining is the prerogative of the trial judge
Which of the following theories of ethical management argues that officers will treat
inmates the way they perceive they are being treated by management?
a. “trickle down” theory
b. “eye-for-an-eye” theory
c. “restitution” theory
d. “hierarchical” theory
“Waterboarding” is also known as:
a. “water interrogation”
b. the “water cure”
c. the “aquatic interrogation”
d. “aquatic policing”
Souryal argued that the ________________ of a correctional institution is influenced by
the level of education required for hire, the amount of in-service training officers
receive, the policies regarding employees who act in unethical ways, and the presence
of a professional association or union that can effectively monitor the agency’s
practices.
a. “agility”
b. “adequacy”
c. “civility”
d. “worthiness”
Which of the following is an ethical dilemma often faced by treatment staff in
correctional facilities?
a. Whether to provide treatment to people who do not want it
b. How to reconcile the duty to treat a patient with the duty to maintain security
c. Keeping patient records confidential while also responding to any threats of violence
d. All of these are ethical dilemmas faced by treatment staff
Stigmatizing shaming is:
a. the idea that certain types of punishment can lead to a reduction of recidivism as long
as they do not involve banishment
b. the effect of punishment whereby the offender feels rejected by the community
c. partly accomplished by exiling the individual
d. no longer practice in the industrialized world
Which part of the brain is associated with feelings of empathy?
a. frontal lobes
b. inferior parietal lobe
c. left hemisphere
d. right hemisphere
Criminal law is also called:
a. natural law
b. positivist law
c. corrective law
d. human contract law
Which of the following is not one of the “Big Five” personality traits?
a. punctuality
b. extroversion
c. openness
d. conscientiousness
The practice of not ticketing an officer who is stopped for speeding or for other driving
violations is called:
a. blue gratuity
b. professional gift
c. professional courtesy
d. blue graft
According to Kohlberg, which is the first stage of moral development?
a. punishment and obedience orientation
b. instrument and relativity orientation
c. social contract orientation
d. law and order orientation
Which ethical system is most consistent with a Marxist theory of distributive justice?
a. Ethics of Virtue
b. Ethical Formalism
c. Ethics of Care
d. Utilitarianism
According to research provided in the text, which of the following is not a factor
associated with the use of force by police?
a. Time of year (season)
b. Suspect’s mental illness
c. Suspect’s gang membership
d. Presence of onlookers
During Kohlberg’s __________________ level, people perceive themselves as
members of society, and living up to role responsibilities is paramount in believing
oneself to be good.
a. pre-conventional
b. post-conventional
c. un-conventional
d. conventional
At break time, you and Officer Jones stop for coffee and a snack at a local diner. When
it is time to return to patrol, you are surprised to see Officer Jones get up and leave
without paying. He explains that the owner of the diner doesn”t charge police officers,
which is why he chose that particular diner. This is an illustration of:
a. graft.
b. gratuity.
c. abuse of power.
d. professional courtesy.
Natural rights refer to the concept that:
a. one has certain obligations to nature
b. one has certain biological requirements
c. one has certain rights just by virtue of being born
d. one has no rights, all rights belong the mother earth
If you approve the use of interrogation techniques that America has found objectionable
when used against U.S. soldiers, your decision fails the _________________ test.
a. universalism
b. double-effect
c. natural law
d. positivist law
The public servant model of policing includes all the following except:
a. Criminals are not a distinct group.
b. Police have a limited ability to control crime.
c. Protection of the process of justice is as important as crime control.
d. Police are not public servants of those who commit crime.
A central theme of the text is the importance of ______________ leadership.
a. educated
b. decisive
c. popularly-supported
d. ethical
The mediator between people’s essential selfishness and generosity is referred to as:
a. law
b. ethics
c. justice
d. mercy
In Muir’s typology of police styles, the professional:
a. used coercion exclusively
b. avoided situations where they might be challenged
c. balanced coercion with compassion
d. had citizens solve problems and made deals to keep the peace
According to Souryal’s typology, the type of officer who goes “by the book” is called
the:
a. punitive law enforcer
b. bureaucratic paper pusher
c. welfare/therapeutic practitioner
d. passive time server
The warden considers covering up the situation, with the rationale that it is ethical to
sacrifice the well-being of a few officers to protect the reputation of the entire
institution. This would be an application of the _______________ viewpoint.
a. Deontological
b. Egoist
c. Utilitarian
d. Marxist
Which of the following are the two types of deterrence mentioned in the text?”
a. restorative and punitive
b. specific and general
c. primary and secondary
d. personal and public
The interdependence that may develop between correctional officers and inmates that is
characterized by favoritism is called:
a. Pluralistic ignorance
b. Reciprocity
c. “Trickle down” supervision
d. Hostile loyalty
According to the text, citizens from which country report trusting their police more any
other professional group?
a. Denmark
b. Canada
c. Britain
d. Finland
We make ethical judgments using rationales derived from traditional and historical
ethical systems.
While it is legal to allow female guards to supervise male inmates, it is illegal to allow
male guards to supervise female inmates.
The term _______________________ refers to Braithwaite’s idea that some type of
punishment can lead to a reduction of recidivism as long as it is not banishment and
induces healthy shame in the individual.
_____________________ suggests that preservation of one’s own being is a basic
principle of morality.
The prison experiment conducted by Philip Zimbardo took place on the campus of
_______________ University.
Deontological ethics would focus on the duty of the officer when determining whether
physical coercion or deception is ethically justified.
The idea that certain rights and morals are “natural,” that is, not human created is called
_____________________.
Law can be seen as a tool of behavior change.
The term ________________________ refers to the justification for law that allows for
protection and enforcement of societal morals.
The study and analysis of what constitutes good or bad conduct is called
____________.
The major problem in the utilitarian ethical system is that at the time we make the
decision, we are unable to know what the outcome of our actions will be.
In ____________ police investigations, police officers initiate investigations rather than
simply respond to crimes.
Beatings of inmates who attack correctional officers could be justified under a
_______________ ethical system, if they serve the greater good by providing a warning
to other inmates that they will receive similar treatment if they attack an officer.
According to Aristotle, slavery was not necessarily unjust, as long as the slaves were
naturally best suited to be slaves.
According to the text, most behaviors might be judged as ethical or unethical for
criminal justice professionals fall into four major categories. List and discuss these four
categories and provide an example of each.
Answer:answer not provided
According to learning theory, moral behavior is learned best through reinforcement and
exposure to higher order reasoning.
____________________ is an ethical system that bases ethics largely upon character
and possession of valued qualities.