Which of the following is not an exception to the confidentiality rule for defense
attorneys?
a. prevention of future crime of imminent death or grievous bodily harm
b. client consent
c. court order
d. knowledge of evidence of a murder
The police had a warrant to search inside your client’s house, but the weapon was found
outside. You believe that the weapon was found and seized improperly, and should not
be allowed to be used as evidence, so you will ask the judge to enforce the
_____________________.
a. statute of limitations
b. change of venue
c. exclusionary rule
d. Brady rule
The prisoners’ rights era of the 1970s gave way to the ________________ era of today,
where courts are more apt to defer to prison officials.
a. “correctional officers’ rights”
b. “old new-way”
c. “due deference”
d. “restorative deference”
As the trial date approaches, it occurs to you that there is very little chance of prevailing
in court. You do not wish to be associated with a losing case, and it also occurs to you
that if your client is convicted you may never be paid. According to the Model Rules,
your option is limited to which of the following?
a. You may withdraw from the case only after you secure an adequate replacement
b. You may not withdraw from the case simply because it appears you will lose and/or
may not be paid
c. You may delay the trial until payment is secured but may not withdraw
d. You may withdraw from the case at any time, for any reason
Which of the following conditions is not required to justify war, according to Bellamy?
a. the violations must be knowable to all
b. the violations must be widespread and systematic
c. approval to move forward must be unanimous among other nations
d. the force used must save more lives than it injures
The idea that government should restore order, but the community should establish
peace is a characteristic of which concept?
a. Substantive justice
b. Restorative justice
c. Egalitarian philosophy
d. Marxist philosophy
Your session with the inmate has left you convinced that the inmate has the intention of
attacking his cellmate. You are faced with a dilemma. As a professional, you are
committed to patient confidentiality, and the inmate has not given you permission to
share anything that he told you. At the same time, you recognize that the cellmate’s
safety is at risk. Your dilemma is resolved by the ______________ rule, which states
that you would be liable if you fail to act and the cellmate is harmed.
a. Washington
b. Tarasoff
c. Harper
d. Ruiz
Which of the following is an example of an imperfect duty?
a. to be generous
b. to not engage in infidelity
c. to not cheat on a test
d. to save someone from drowning
Which ethical system is concerned with needs and relationships?
a. Virtue
b. Religion
c. Ethical Formalism
d. Ethics of care
A 2006 Gallup Poll that rated the level of trust in the integrity of attorneys:
a. found that a small minority of the public had a high opinion of attorneys
b. found that most of the public expressed a high opinion of attorneys
c. found that most people had no opinion either way
d. nearly all respondents had been involved in a civil lawsuit against an attorney
All of the following ethical systems would reject this plan, except
a. utilitarianism
b. ethical formalism
c. religious ethics
d. legalistic ethics
By telling the recruits that their victims are a lesser class of people and calling them an
insulting name, the leader is using which method of cognitive restructuring?
a. Dehumanization
b. cognitive dissonance
c. advantageous comparison
d. displacement of responsibility
According to the author, the tendency to ignore contrary evidence or overstate existing
evidence when investigators believe they have identified the guilty party is a practice of
a. all investigators
b. prejudiced or racist investigators
c. ethical formalists
d. utilitarian ends-oriented investigators
According to the text, broad social questions, often concerning the government’s social
control mechanisms and the impact on those governed are called:
a. social dilemmas
b. moral dilemmas
c. ethical issues
d. public conundrum
Bagram prison is in:
a. Iraq
b. Afghanistan
c. Iran
d. Cuba
An element of peacemaking corrections that involves looking at what needs to be done
with both the heart and the head is called:
a. “care perspective”
b. “feminine eye”
c. “wholesight”
d. “third-eye sight”
You have an abundance of physical evidence that points to the defendant, but you also
discover that a set of shoeprints found at the scene matches another person. This would
be an example of ______________ evidence.
a. exculpatory
b. confirmatory
c. inconclusive
d. optional
Wilson described types of police as including all except:
a. legalistic
b. service
c. watchman
d. caretaker
________________________________ describes the position of what is good or bad
changes depending on the individual or group, and that are no moral absolutes.
a. Moral absolutism
b. Ethical relativism
c. Sub-cultural moralism
d. Global relativism
Which of the following is not one of Braswell’s reasons to study ethics?
a. develop critical thinking skills
b. become aware and open to ethical issues
c. develop wholesight
d. improve public image
According to a study cited in the text, correctional managers attribute misconduct to:
a. low pay and poor screening during hiring.
b. unreasonably long shifts.
c. supervisors being required to oversee too many employees.
d. a lack of adequate equipment and supplies.
Assume that Mary agrees with libertarian theories. All of the following are possible
EXCEPT:
a. Carla would be the highest-paid employee because of the business she brings in
b. Larry and Sue would be paid more than their value indicates, due to their family
needs
c. Mary would divide the company’s profits equally among all employees
d. Mary would expect the government to tell her how to pay the employees
The Knapp Commission coined the term “grass eaters” to refer to officers who did all of
the following except:
a. took offered bribes
b. took offered gratuities
c. picked up merchandise at a crime scene
d. accepted unsolicited protection money
Only recognizing evidence to fit one’s theory is the definition of:
a. cognitive dissonance
b. belief perseverance
c. selective information processing
d. confirmatory bias
To improve the ethical climate of an agency, Souryal advocates all except:
a. upgrading the quality of personnel
b. establishing quality-based supervisory techniques
c. emphasizing true ethical training
d. screening potential employees using psychological tools
The volunteers accept the instructions of their leader and intend to carry out the
mission. They have no ethical reservations, as they have been trained to follow orders.
Which method of cognitive restructuring are the volunteers employing?
a. Dehumanization
b. cognitive dissonance
c. advantageous comparison
d. displacement of responsibility
Assume that Mary agrees with egalitarian theories. Which of the following would you
expect?
a. Carla would be the highest-paid employee because of the business she brings in
b. Larry and Sue would be paid more than their value indicates, due to their family
needs
c. Mary would divide the company’s profits equally among all employees
d. Mary would expect the government to tell her how to pay the employees
Souryal argued that there are different kinds of loyalty to superiors or to fellow officers,
including all of the following except:
a. integrated loyalty
b. personal loyalty
c. institutional loyalty
d. fragmented loyalty
Which of the following is not a true statement about the pluralism paradigm?
a. Law is representative of the ruling classes only.
b. Interest groups influence law.
c. Powerful groups in society define law.
d. Power changes hands over time in a society.
The inability of authorities to compel an attorney to disclose confidential information
regarding his or her client is called:
a. fiduciary privilege
b. anti-incriminatory privilege
c. attorney-client privilege
d. theological privilege
The human tendency to seek to confirm rather than disconfirm is called:
a. cognitive dissonance
b. belief perseverance
c. selective information processing
d. confirmatory bias
According to Bandura, self-regulation can be “turned off,” leading to inhumane acts,
through cognitive restructuring via several different mechanisms. Which of the
following is not one of these mechanisms?
a. Dehumanization
b. Displacement of responsibility
c. Advantageous labeling
d. Disregard of the consequences
What are Good Samaritan laws? Give examples.
Answer:answer not provided
“Means”end thinking” is the idea that what would usually be wrong can sometimes be
justified to achieve a good end.
In the case of Hudson v. McMillan, the Supreme Court found that an injury inflicted
upon an inmate only rises to the level of unconstitutionality if it can be considered a
‘serious” injury.
If a public defender is not available, the judge can appoint a local private attorney to
represent the defendant.
What are the ways in which prison is harmful?
Answer:answer not provided
Probation and parole officers don”t have to deal with the issue of gratuities.
Military interrogators were trained with materials derived from descriptions of
techniques used by the Chinese against American soldiers in the Korean War.
Explain the significance of the “Brady Motion” as it relates to prosecutors’ misconduct.
Answer:answer not provided
The terrorists operating in Germany in the 1970s were referred to as the
____________________ gang.
Strict constructionists believe that rights only exist if they are specifically enumerated
in the Constitution.
Because community policing results in more personal, one-on-one interaction between
individual officers and members of the public, there is an increased likelihood of
__________________.
In Macintyre and Prenzler’s study of whether police officers would issue a ticket to a
business owner who gave them gratuities, less than half said they would issue the ticket.
Cohen and Feldberg believe that the justification for police power comes from natural
law.
What are some of the reasons that people distrust the justice system?
Answer:answer not provided
Compare and contrast morals and ethics.
Answer:answer not provided
The _______________________ or habitual offender laws are justified by the
prediction that previous offenders will commit future crimes.