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In an effort to prevent false confessions, 18 states now require confessions to be:
a. recorded by a court reporter, for a judge to review
b. sworn to under oath
c. witnessed by a defense attorney
d. videotaped
The authority of religious ethics, in particular such as those of Judeo-Christian ethics,
stems from a willful and rational:
a. clergy
b. leader
c. God
d. ecclesia
Barker and Carter proposed a typology of lies that included:
a. deviant lies
b. blue lies
c. necessary lies
d. placebo lies
Which of the following statements about interrogations is true?
a. the "third degree" approach involves a sympathetic paternal figure for the defendant
to confide to
b. the "third degree" is only used in extreme cases
c. the "third degree" is no longer legitimate
d. the father confessor approach typically involves physical force
In jurisdictions where judges are elected, campaign donations from practicing attorneys
are:
a. strictly forbidden by law
b. discouraged, but permitted
c. encouraged
d. generally routine
In Washington v. Harper, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:
a. an inmate's right to refuse antipsychotic medication is not unconstitutional
b. an inmate does not have the right to question the treatment prescribed by treatment
staff and seek a second opinion
c. an inmate has the right to question the treatment prescribed by treatment staff and to
demand a second opinion
d. an inmate's right to refuse antipsychotic medication did not outweigh the state's need
to administer it if there was a showing that the inmate posed a security risk
Souryal argued that "integrated thinking" and _____________________ were important
elements for an ethical climate.
a. "reasoning"
b. "moral agility"
c. "wisdom"
d. "conflict resolution"
According to the text, which of the following is true, regarding the exclusionary rule?
a. The exclusionary rule has been effective in reforming police behavior
b. Police officers are generally not very well educated about the rule
c. The rule only applies to cases in those states that have enacted the rule
d. Evidence seized without a warrant but in the interest of public safety is not excluded
by the rule
Which of the following statements about values is false?
a. An explicit value system is a part of every ethical system.
b. Our behavior is influenced by our value system.
c. Values cannot be empirically verified.
d. The value of survival is particular to the U.S. ethical system.
The use of physical force to obtain a conviction became illegal with:
a. Diaz v. Texas
b. Bartley v. Montana
c. Brown v. Mississippi
d. Miranda v. Connecticut
The ethical concern regarding expert witnesses is about whether they are really:
a. Paid
b. Expensive
c. Recognizable
d. Qualified
Procedural protections that are part of due process include all of the following except:
a. Right to appeal
b. Right to the statement of findings
c. Right to restart proceedings
d. Right to a neutral hearing body
The belief that loyalty to one's client surpasses individual and private morality is
characteristic of:
a. the legal agent position on the attorney-client relationship
b. the moral agent position on the attorney-client relationship
c. the special relationship position on the attorney-client relationship
d. none of these is correct
Ethically, it seems as though the punishment is well out of proportion for the
transgression. However, it seems as though it is worth the harm done to a few rule-
breakers if the punishment prevents others from parking there. In other words, the
"good" to the general community outweighs the harm of the severe individual penalty.
The philosophy that supports this is:
a. Utilitarianism
b. ethics of care
c. deontological ethics
d. ethical formalism
A basic premise of rights-based law enforcement is that:
a. the end justify the means
b. the rights of the state supersede all other rights
c. some acts are never justified
d. compared to the government, the individual has no rights
In __________________________ the U.S. Supreme Court held that the "military
commissions" were outside the President's power to create and were, therefore, invalid.
a. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
b. Rasul v. Bush
c. Clark v. Martinez
d. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
In America, state, federal, and local governments have enacted laws to protect forests
from destruction. Through these laws, the overall community is protected, even though
individuals may be negatively affected. By meeting the needs of the overall community,
these laws exhibit:
a. principle of forfeiture
b. principle of the golden mean
c. hypothetical imperative
d. utilitarianism
By referring to the recruits as "martyrs" and saying that their mission will serve a higher
purpose, leader is using which method of cognitive restructuring?
a. Dehumanization
b. moral justification
c. advantageous comparison
d. displacement of responsibility
The intention behind the sign is to announce to the community at large that there will be
a stiff penalty to pay for violating the rule. The belief is that drivers who risk a small
fine by parking illegally elsewhere, such as against the curb, will not risk the large fine
for parking illegally in the handicap spaces. This point of view is known as:
a. general deterrence
b. specific deterrence
c. expiation
d. incapacitation
By allowing the first couple to leave without being cited, despite the fact that
technically they were guilty of an infraction, the Officer Smith was exhibiting:
a. normative ethics
b. malfeasance
c. discretion
d. an ethical dilemma
A model of law enforcement that creates partnerships with the community and
addresses underlying problems rather than simply enforcing the law is referred to as:
a. crime control policing
b. reactive policing
c. traditional policing
d. community policing
According to Souryal's typology, the type of officer who does the bare minimum on the
job to stay out of trouble is called the:
a. punitive law enforcer
b. bureaucratic paper pusher
c. welfare/therapeutic practitioner
d. passive time server
Inadequate medical care and elimination of visits or other programs are all examples of
which of the following types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?
a. malicious or purposeful abuse
b. negligent abuse
c. systemic or budgetary abuse
d. intentional sexual abuse
Which of the following is not one of the ethical dilemmas of prison psychologists
discussed by Haag?
a. Informed consent
b. Assessment
c. Confidentiality
d. Anonymity
In the 1980s, victimization of inmates by correctional officers decreased, but was
followed by a rise in:
a. violence from racial gangs
b. the use of solitary confinement as a punishment
c. escapes
d. inmate violence toward officers
Which of the following statements regarding lawyers' actions is false?
a. The lawyer may not engage in motions or actions to intentionally and maliciously
harm others.
b. The lawyer may not knowingly advance unwarranted claims or defenses.
c. The lawyer may not knowingly make a false statement of law or fact.
d. The lawyer may not directly communicate with opposing attorneys
The _______________________ approach examines the government's participation
and whether it has exceeded accepted legal standards to determine in entrapment
occurred.
a. secondary
b. objective
c. subjective
d. primary
Detaining only those who are at the highest risk of offending or re-offending is a form
of:
a. general deterrence
b. specific deterrence
c. selective incapacitation
d. general incapacitation
As opposed to the neighbor, the firefighters who attempted to save Larry were
performing a(n):
a. duty.
b. discretionary act.
c. imperfect duty.
d. superogatory.
In a pro se defense:
a. the defendant defends him or herself
b. the defendant is represented by one attorney only
c. the defendant does not enter a plea
d. the defendant is not able to stand trial
Farmers, ranchers, and loggers in these countries engage in these practices because they
deem it necessary to provide for their families. Because their focus is on providing for
their families and communities, they are adhering to the ethical system known as:
a. ethics of care
b. egoism
c. psychological egoism
d. golden mean
The model of justice in which the largest portion of criminal cases forms the bottom
layers and the few serious cases form the top layer is called:
a. assembly line justice
b. bureaucratic justice
c. rational justice
d. wedding-cake illustration justice
Retentionists and abolitionists both use each of the following to support their position
EXCEPT:
a. utilitarianism
b. ethical formalism
c. ethics of care
d. religion
Opponents to your bill would cite John Stuart Mill, and would say that your proposed
law would violate the:
a. harm principle
b. noble cause
c. natural law
d. conflict paradigm
One of the clearest examples of judicial discretion is in the application of the
______________________, which basically states that when the evidence has been
obtained improperly, it cannot be used against the defendant at trial.
Describe the job-related discretion available to probation and parole officers, and
provide examples of ethical and unethical applications of discretion.
Answer:answer not provided
In the United States, female prisoners were once housed together with men.
Exposure to a criminal element, relative freedom from supervision, and uncontrolled
availability of contraband can lead to drug use, especially for officers engaged in
______________ work.
The idea that just about any practices are allowed in the pursuit of crime control is
justified by a _______________ view of ethics.
Discuss some laws justified by legal paternalism " provide the rationale for such laws as
well as opposing arguments.
Answer:answer not provided
Rawls's theory of justice is consistent with rights-based theories of justice.
Studies indicate that gratuities do not influence the way that officers patrol.
The idea that groups in society have fundamental differences and that those in power
control societal elements, including law, is called the _____________________.
_______________ are especially prone to psychological manipulation.
The definition of eudaimonia or happiness is equivalent to the idea of hedonism.
Many people suffer from personal crises when their actions conflict with their
___________________.
List and discuss the necessary elements that Sherman identified for teaching ethics in
criminal justice.
Answer:answer not provided
An officer who does a favor for an inmate expecting it to benefit him later (because the
inmate would owe him) would be using a(n) ____________ rationalization.
Describe and discuss what polls show regarding the public's attitude toward attorneys.
Answer:answer not provided
The Minnesota v. White decision states that judges may not make political speeches
since they are supposed to remain completely neutral.
