It is possible that this situation developed out of the sight of top administrators at the
prison because they are more involved with external matters, such as dealing with the
legislature, media, courts, and community. In the text this is referred to as having a(n)
_____________________ .
a. external focus
b. conflicting priority
c. multiple stakeholders
d. outward orientation
Inmates and correctional officers agree that all of these traits are characteristics of a
good officer except:
a. consistency
b. fairness
c. flexibility
d. loyalty
The term grass eaters refers to police officers in:
a. New York City officers who accepted bribes, gratuities and protection money
b. Boston officers who sold their services to the highest bidders
c. Los Angeles officers who ‘shopped” at burglary scenes
d. Chicago officers who used marijuana on a regular basis
Retributive justice is best described by what term?
a. Balance
b. Deterrence
c. Compensation
d. Rehabilitation
Renditions are:
a. Interrogations
b. Extraditions
c. Kidnappings
d. treaty agreements
The person who helped set up the Abu Ghraib prison and had also served as head of the
Texas, New Mexico, and Utah prison systems was:
a. Donald Vodicka
b. Andy Collins
c. Farhad Monem
d. Lane McCotter
Lawrence v. Texas dealt with:
a. prostitution
b. pornography
c. sodomy
d. pedophilia
In Barker and Carter’s study, they found that up to what percent of police may have
used drugs on duty?
a. 20
b. 2
c. 10
d. 40
In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, the U.S. Supreme Court held that detainees in Guantanamo:
a. did not deserve some due process and the military commissions created at the time
were not sufficient.
b. did not deserve some due process and that the military commissions created at the
time were sufficient.
c. deserved some due process and that the military commissions created at the time
were not sufficient.
d. deserved some due process and that the military commissions created at the time
were sufficient.
An ancient right based on church power which allowed a person respite from
punishment as long as he or she was within the confines of church grounds is called:
a. Refuge
b. Sanctuary
c. Asylum
d. Haven
The concept that there are fundamental truths that may dictate different definitions of
what is moral in different situations is called:
a. moral pluralism
b. utilitarianism
c. ethical formalism
d. natural law
The neighbor who entered the burning house was performing a:
a. moral imperative
b. superogatory action
c. professional duty
d. discretionary duty
In Barker and Carter’s typology of lies, accepted lies are:
a. those that are “necessary evils”
b. used to control the person
c. those used during undercover investigations
d. never acceptable in police work
Which criminal justice professional has authority similar to that of the correctional
officer?
a. Prosecutor
b. Judge
c. police officer
d. bailiff
A citizen who objects to the Sheriff’s plan points out that he might dismiss it as an
inconvenience” to innocent people, but that he would probably not agree that he himself
and members of his family should be subjected to such suspicion and treatment. This
citizen is making the ____________ argument against the policy.
a. utilitarian
b. pretext
c. legalistic
d. universality
To decide how you will act, you consider the ethical systems that might apply to the
situation. If you decide to provide the dental floss because you believe it will alleviate
the inmate’s suffering, even though it means breaking the rules, which ethical system
would this illustrate?
a. ethical formalism
b. utilitarianism
c. ethics of care
d. teleological ethics
Research indicates, for instance, that when workers are busy and stressed, they are more
likely to make unethical choices because, possibly, the brain processes responsible for
______________ is already overloaded with other demands
a. remembering ethics training
b. perceiving instructions being given
c. communicating with co-workers
d. rationally deciding the correct action
The term _______________ refers to what is judged as good conduct.
a. values
b. morality
c. honor
d. goodness
The next offender to come before you is a doctor who has been found guilty of writing
fraudulent prescriptions. Part of his sentence will be a loss of his medical license for
one year. Because you intend for his loss of license to mean he will be prevented from
committing this same crime again, at least for a year, your sentence is an attempt at:
a. general deterrence
b. specific deterrence
c. rehabilitation
d. incapacitation
Substantive justice and procedural justice are components of:
a. distributive justice
b. corrective justice
c. punitive justice
d. restorative justice
Larry has always professed non-violence, but in this instance he fights the robber to
protect his child. Technically, by fighting, he is violating his moral belief that one
should be non-violent. His decision to fight in this instance, which he believes to be
justified, is an example of:
a. Absolutism
b. Universality
c. Egoism
d. Situational ethics
Lies that are used to control the person or to make the job easier in situations where
force could be used are called:
a. deviant lies
b. blue lies
c. tolerated lies
d. accepted lies
Interpretationists are also called:
a. Constructionists
b. Activists
c. Pacifists
d. Federalists
Which of the following statements about police subculture is false?
a. increasing diversity of police recruits has eliminated the social homogeneity of the
workforce
b. civil litigation has increased the risk of covering for another officer
c. decreasing crime rates have reduced the need for a “code of silence”
d. police unions have contributed to the weakening of the police subculture
According to the objective approach, if the state provided an “essential element” that
made the crime possible, or if there was extensive and coercive pressure on the
defendant to engage in criminal actions, a court might rule that:
a. the defendant was guilty
b. the case can move to the trail stage
c. entrapment had occurred
d. entrapment had not occurred
If an agent in Joe’s office reports Joe’s actions, that agent would be referred to as:
a. an inside reporter
b. a whistleblower
c. a “disciplined mind”
d. a “noble savage”
Which of the following states executes the most people?
a. Utah
b. Florida
c. Arizona
d. Texas
Positivist law refers to:
a. those laws written and enforced by society
b. the idea that principles of morals are inherent in nature
c. the idea that law are not human made and are discovered by reason
d. those laws that regulate natural rights
A month after the conviction, you discover that a DNA sample was found at the crime
scene and was never tested. You believe that it might exonerate your client.
Unfortunately, the appellate court rejects your petition, citing the case of District
Attorney v Osborne. The decision in this case held that:
a. convictions must be immediately appealed in order to be considered
b. the prosecution is not required to share evidence that might point to innocence
c. DNA evidence is not admissible
d. defendants do not have a constitutional right to DNA testing
Which type of justice is concerned with the allocation of society’s resources?
a. distributive justice
b. commutative justice
c. exemplary justice
d. corrective justice
The roots of restorative justice can be found as far back as:
a. Mayan and Aztec law
b. Chinese law
c. Roman and Grecian law
d. Common law
Discuss the factors associated with the utilitarian argument for punishment.
Answer:answer not provided
Some biological theorists believe that morality lies in the “emotion” centers of the
brain.
Philosophical support for rehabilitative treatment of criminals can be found in natural
law.
Restorative justice programs have the potential to decrease ______________ and
misconduct for correctional professionals.
The ruling in the ___________ case prohibits attorneys from using their peremptory
challenges to exclude a juror on the basis of race.
Durkheim’s concept of mechanical solidarity is the idea that we are all different parts
that make up a whole.
_____________________ is the name given for Durkheim’s view (associated with
mechanical solidarity) that law controls behavior that is different from the norm.
The U.S. Supreme Court has defined legal force as the force which is objectively
reasonable.
According to your text, prosecutors face the most public scrutiny of all criminal justice
professionals.
Sherman suggests that coercion is a key element in criminal justice, so the moral issues
related to coercion should be studied.
Compare and contrast the due process model and crime control model.
Answer:answer not provided
One problem critics have with The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics is that it is focused
more directly on the public servant role, as opposed to the crime fighter role.
General deterrence is consistent with ethical formalism.
An operation in which a police officer is placed in a position where he or she might be
tempted to break a rule or a law and is monitored to see what he or she will do is known
as a “graft check.”
The Batson v. Kentucky decision prohibited race discrimination in jury selection.
Explain how Aristotle and Plato associated natural law with justice.
Answer:answer not provided
The policing approach called the ___________________ recognizes the police as
servants of the public good and states that although crime control is important,
protection of civil liberties should be the fundamental mission.