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The two major arguments against gratuities are the slippery slope argument and the:
a. anti-utilitarian argument
b. blue erosion argument
c. unjust enrichment argument
d. anti-bribe argument
Research on excessive force finds that:
a. It is a widespread problem.
b. It seems to be an activity that is disproportionally engaged in by a small number.
c. It is increasing.
d. It is particularly a problem in the south.
The term Baksheesh is a euphemism for:
a. bribes
b. protection money
c. graft
d. rewards
One criticism of restorative justice suggests that __________________ offenders may
be good for the individual victim but may not be good for the "class of victims" who
have yet to be victimized.
a. Forgiving
b. Incarcerating
c. Executing
d. suing
Legal paternalism refers to:
a. laws that protect children against their parents
b. laws that protect societal morals
c. laws that protect individual from hurting themselves
d. laws that guarantee the rights of the father
The case that dealt with a U.S. citizen held without due process protections as an enemy
combatant was:
a. Clark v. Martinez
b. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
c. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
d. Moussaki v. Bush
Still convinced your client is innocent, you look for outside help. Where might you go
to seek assistance in getting your client a new trial?
a. The American Bar Association
b. The Innocence Project
c. The prosecutor's conviction-review team
d. The legal assistance team at the prison where your client is incarcerated
Assume that Mary agrees with Marxist theories. Which of the following would you
expect?
a. Carla would be the highest-paid employee because of the business she brings in
b. Larry and Sue would be paid more than their value indicates, due to their family
needs
c. Mary would divide the company's profits equally among all employees
d. Mary would expect the government to tell her how to pay the employees
Fyfe and Kane discuss three types of police misconduct including all of the following
except:
a. police crime
b. police corruption
c. abuse of power
d. abuse of authority
Prior to beginning the invasion, the Bush Administration presented justification to the
United Nations, and also attempted to resolve the nuclear weapon issue by working
with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The United Nations issued numerous
sanctions against Iraq. Seeking approval and cooperation from these international
bodies before beginning the invasion is consistent with:
a. positivist law
b. natural law
c. the principle of double effect
d. the "front page" test
Which statement is not consistent with ethical formalism?
a. Moral law is self-imposed.
b. Moral actions are determined by reason.
c. Lying is never justified.
d. Individuals cannot control the consequences of their decisions.
You have been assigned a case that involves a relative of the woman running against
you in the upcoming election. In order to ensure there is no appearance of bias, your
duty would be to:
a. delay the case until after the election
b. dismiss the case
c. recuse yourself from the case
d. videotape all proceedings for later review, if needed
Which of the following statements about those tortured in Abu Ghraib is false?
a. As far as can be determined, many were not insurgents.
b. Some had stolen from military supply trucks or engaged in civilian crimes.
c. Some had been captured after "tips" that they were involved.
d. The abuses that occurred in Abu Ghraib were made public by a journalist working
undercover.
Between 1993 and 2002, what was the number of death row inmates exonerated of their
crimes?
a. 50
b. 150
c. 90
d. 30
As you consider your options, the court-appointed psychiatrist calls and tells you that
he has examined the defendant and finds him to be severely developmentally
challenged. The psychiatrist estimates the defendant's IQ to be in the 60's and
recommends that you seek his school or medical records to find more information. You
decide that, given this information, an attempt to seek the death penalty would not be
legally supported, based on the _________________ decision.
a. Furman v. Georgia
b. Roper v. Simmons
c. Atkins v. Virginia
d. Kansas v. Hendricks
Assume that Mary believes in distributive justice based on "desert." Which of the
following would you expect?
a. Carla would be the highest-paid employee because of the business she brings in
b. Larry and Sue would be paid more than their value indicates, due to their family
needs
c. Mary would divide the company's profits equally among all employees
d. Mary would expect the government to tell her how to pay the employees
In Kauffman's description of the correctional officer subculture, someone who was
perceived as sympathetic to inmates was known as a:
a. white hat
b. inmate lover
c. bleeding heart
d. slam
If the chief institutes a policy to help officers with stress, anger, or substance abuse,
rather than seek to terminate or punish them, this policy would be consistent with:
a. blue curtain
b. ethics of care
c. noble cause
d. managerial discretion
The system of ethics of virtue is associated with:
a. Kant
b. Aquinas
c. Aristotle
d. Hobbes
John Stuart Mill proposed the "harm principle," which basically is the idea that every
individual should:
a. limit their behavior to that which is not harmful to any living thing
b. be controlled by social institutions at all times to limit his/her ability to do harm
c. be imprisoned for life if they harm others or themselves
d. have the utmost freedom over their own actions unless they harm others
Which ethical system contends that punishment should be consistent with the veil of
ignorance?
a. Ethical Formalism
b. Ethics of Care
c. Rawlsian Ethics
d. Utilitarianism
While on patrol, Officer Jones stops a car for speeding and running a red light. You
observe the interaction between Officer Jones and the driver. Jones allows the driver to
leave without penalty. When you ask why he gave the driver a break, Jones tells you
that the driver turned out to be a fellow police officer. By letting him go without a
citation, Jones has demonstrated which type of corruption?
a. Graft
b. Gratuity
c. Abuse of power
d. Professional courtesy
Which of the following is true regarding a probation or parole officer's power to
recommend revocation:
a. the officer makes a recommendation only
b. the officer instructs the judge, who must issue an order according to the officer's
decision
c. the officer decides whether or not to revoke, and no further court action is required
d. none of the above is correct
Aronson discusses two methods for resolving ethical dilemmas:
a. the rational model and the legal model
b. the bureaucratic model and the popular model
c. the general model and the narrow
d. the situation model and the systems model
The use of facts and objective reasoning to most effectively reach a decision or
understand a problem is known as:
a. qualitative analysis
b. discretion
c. ethical balance
d. critical thinking
Deterrence is the central theme of what theory of corrective justice?
a. Utilitarian
b. Retributive
c. Substantive
d. Compensatory
According to Souryal's typology, which type of probation and parole officers may
violate professional ethics in not performing duties associated with the role?
a. punitive law enforcer
b. bureaucratic paper pusher
c. welfare/therapeutic practitioner
d. passive time server
According to Klockars, what are the four elements of police power?
a. power, persuasion, threat, and force
b. power, persuasion, force, and authority
c. authority, threat, force, and persuasion
d. force, coercion, persuasion, authority
Items of value received by an individual because of his or her role or position rather
than because of a personal relationship with the giver are called:
a. pay offs
b. gratuities
c. bribes
d. rewards
The only situations wherein a lawyer can ethically reveal confidences of a client include
all of the following except:
a. when the client consents
b. when disclosure is required by law or court order
c. when one needs to defend oneself or employees against an accusation of wrongful
conduct
d. when the attorney is served with a formal request for information from the media
After reviewing the reports of officer misconduct, you determine that they seem to be
individual acts for the most part. You recommend an improved screening process,
random integrity tests, and a process of reviewing use-of-force reports in order to detect
possible warning signs. This approach is known as a __________________ response.
a. rotten apple
b. rotten barrel
c. consent decree
d. "Big Five"
The __________________ model utilizes a more absolute or legalistic model in that
behavior would always be considered wrong or right depending on the ethical rule
guiding the definition.
a. situational
b. systems
c. rational
d. bureaucratic
It is called confirmatory bias when a judge decides a case ahead of time.
What are Mackie's three types of retribution? Compare and contrast them.
Answer:answer not provided
List and discuss the three types of prisoner abuse that Bomse identified.
Answer:answer not provided
Operation Greylord was a judicial scandal in Chicago in which both attorneys and
judges were convicted of bribery.
Critics of one suggested reform claim that reducing the ___________ of prosecutors
might make them more hesitant to aggressively prosecute certain cases, for fear of
being sued or prosecuted themselves.
__________________ is a slang term used to describe an officer who is sympathetic
toward inmates.
Philip Zimbardo's prison experiment took place on the campus of Stanford University
________________________ are civilians who are used to obtain information about
criminal activity and/or participate in it so that evidence can be obtained for an arrest.
The just war debate is concerned with the inevitability of war.
In Boumediene v. Bush, the Supreme Court ruled that the military commissions
established by Congress were not sufficient to ensure due process.
Lawyers who perceive themselves as legal agents would break rules for their clients.
An egoistic rationalization would be that a favor done for the inmate may result in
benefit to the officer because the inmate owes him.
Ethical formalism is a deontological ethical system.
Most ethical dilemmas that police officers face derive from their powers of discretion.
Entrapment occurs when an otherwise innocent person commits an illegal act because
of police encouragement or enticement.
Compare and contrast the "third degree," the father confessor," and the "good cop/bad
cop" approaches to police investigations.
Answer:answer not provided
List and discuss Brown's typology of police styles. Discuss it compared to Muir's
typology.
Answer:answer not provided
The term used to describe the use of physical power to overcome the will of another
individual is ______________.
