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Which of the following is not a criticism of how the Bar handles complaints of ethical
violations?
a. Very few sanctions result from investigations.
b. The investigative bodies are secretive and informal.
c. Lawyers can easily pay a fine to have the charges dismissed without an investigation.
d. Charges of incompetence are rarely investigated.
According to Barker and Carter, harassment and ridicule are examples of which of the
following types of abuse?
a. physical abuse
b. psychological abuse
c. legal abuse
d. sexual abuse
A legal tool used to confiscate property and money associated with organized criminal
activity is called:
a. asset seizure
b. wealth audit
c. asset forfeiture
d. embezzlement
Upon reviewing the facts of the case, it occurs to you that there is a very good chance
that the defendant will be convicted if the case goes to trial. Your client indicates that he
would be willing to accept a plea bargain. Which of the following would be an example
of a plea bargain?
a. The defendant agrees to plead guilty, and prosecutor agrees to drop the charge to
second-degree murder
b. The defendant is allowed to remain free until the trial but agrees to remain local
c. The prosecutor agrees to allow the trial to be moved to a different location
d. The defendant and the prosecutor agree to a "bench trial," meaning there will be no
jury, and the judge alone will determine guilt or innocence
Which of the following approaches to policing is consistent with a categorical
imperative?
a. crime control approach
b. rights-based approach
c. public service approach
d. utilitarian service
According to Barry, human beings can "know" God's will in three ways. Which of the
following is not one of these three ways?
a. Individual conscience
b. Religious authorities
c. Holy scriptures
d. Individual occurrence
Which of the following statements is not an example of an ethical issue?
a. what sentences to attach to certain crimes
b. decriminalization of soft drugs
c. racial profiling
d. filing charges against a particular minor
In Shaffer and Cochran's typology, the guru:
a. engages the client in moral dialogue and tries to convince client of proper course of
action
b. controls the client with his own moral compass as guide
c. promotes clients' interest above all others
d. does what the client wants
A good Samaritan who jumps into a river to save a drowning child, risking his or her
own life to do so, has performed a(n):
a. professional duty
b. ethical duty
c. superogatory action
d. moral duty
"The end" of drug interdiction justifies the means' of harassing and inconveniencing a
racial or ethnic minority group." This statement is most likely to be supported by:
a. an ethical formalist system
b. a utilitarian system
c. a relativist system
d. a rational system
In your text, anything used to induce behavioral change with the goal of eliminating
dysfunctional or deviant behavior and encouraging productive and normal behavior
patterns is referred to as:
a. Punishment
b. Retribution
c. Treatment
d. restoration
The principle of double effect:
a. justifies a means that results in an unintended negative
b. justifies a negative means
c. justifies a negative end for a good means
d. justifies a means that results in a good end
Which of the following would not be considered a moral judgment?
a. Capital punishment is just.
b. Abortion results in the deaths of fetuses.
c. Rich people should give back to the community.
d. People who are capable of work should not accept welfare...
The term pluralistic ignorance describes:
a. ignoring the calls of officers in need
b. the vocal minority shaping the perception of subcultural values
c. competing interest groups operating within the prison
d. conflicts between management and officers being reflected in inmate behavior
A Harvard study that examined the performance of private attorneys who are appointed
to represent indigent clients in federal cases concluded:
a. they performed far better than full-time public defenders
b. they billed the government for more services than they actually provided
c. they treated their clients with disrespect
d. they achieved worse results than full-time public defenders
Which of the following is not a method of prevention?
a. Deterrence
b. Treatment
c. Incapacitation
d. Just deserts
The Buddy Boys operated in which city?
a. New York
b. L.A.
c. Boston
d. Detroit
Civilians who are used to obtain information about criminal activity and/or participate
in it so evidence can be obtained for an arrest are called:
a. snitch
b. informants
c. tattlers
d. witness
Research presented in the text indicates that while many people would oppose such a
use of profiling for the purpose of drug interdiction, they would support the same
process if it were a response to __________.
a. terrorism
b. court order
c. citizen suggestion
d. prostitution
According to the pluralist paradigm:
a. those who control major social institutions determine how crime is defined
b. law arises from interest groups but coalitions and shared interests may shift the
balance of power
c. law serves as a tool of unification
d. law contributes to the collective conscience by providing an example of deviance
According to Carter, the elements of police work that can lead to drug use include all of
the following except:
a. exposure to a criminal element
b. time spent in traffic patrol duties
c. relative freedom from supervision
d. uncontrolled availability of contraband
Believing one's original theory of the case despite evidence to the contrary is called:
a. cognitive dissonance
b. belief perseverance
c. selective information processing
d. confirmatory bias
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Most studies indicate that blacks express more distrust of police than whites or
Hispanics.
b. Blacks are more likely than Hispanics to believe police will use excessive force.
c. More blacks report disrespectful language or swearing by police officers.
d. Hispanics are less likely than blacks to report feeling that the police would treat them
fairly.
Which of the following is not considered prosecutorial misconduct?
a. ex parte communication with a judge
b. communicating with defendant without counsel present
c. failure to disclose evidence
d. speaking to the media about whether or not an indictment has been returned
Mary's decision to report the crime had negative effects for the two officers involved,
and for Mary personally. However, the rest of the community has benefited from the
removal of corrupt police officers. A(n) ____________ viewpoint would find this
outcome to be ethical.
a. absolutist
b. utilitarian
c. egoist
d. imperative
Which of the following approaches to policing is considered utilitarian?
a. crime control approach
b. rights-based approach
c. public service approach
d. deontological service
Cohen suggests some principles attorneys must follow to be considered moral. Which
of the following is not one of these principles?
a. treat others as ends in themselves and not as mere means to winning cases
b. treat clients and other professional relations who are relatively similar in a similar
fashion
c. do not deliberately engage in behavior that is apt to deceive the court as to the truth
d. share your clients' information with your associates so they can help you make
decisions
Some new officers experience cynicism when they encounter citizen disrespect,
bureaucratic barriers, and the realities of the justice system. This can lead them to
distrust the department's administration and the citizens of the community, leaving them
more prone to corruption. This process is known as the
a. spiral of cynicism
b. disillusionment process
c. chain of corruption
d. continuum of compromise
The term entrapment refers to when an otherwise innocent person commits an illegal
act because:
a. of police encouragement or enticement.
b. they were told by police that it was not against the law.
c. he or she was forced to do so by a police officer.
d. they were trapped in the location.
In this instance, their society's definitions differ from the American definitions. This is
an example of:
a. deontology
b. egoism
c. cultural relativism
d. absolutism
Prosecutors' primary ethical duty is to pursue a conviction.
The first step in analyzing an ethical dilemma is to consider the underlying values of
each of the involved parties.
Compare and contrast hypothetical and categorical imperatives. Provide an example of
each.
Answer:answer not provided
The term ____________________ refers to a group of officers in Salinas Valley Prison,
California who were implicated in a variety of unethical behaviors.
The veil of ignorance refers to the concept that one should not know who the offender
or victim is in order to be fair.
____________ are perceived to be more of a threat to the community, so the officers'
'supervision" role is emphasized much more strongly than in probation.
Discuss the negative outcomes that have resulted from having male correctional officers
guarding female inmates and female correctional officers guarding male inmates.
Answer:answer not provided
Pornography must be considered harmful to individuals in order for legal moralism to
be a valid justification for laws against it.
The "trickle down" theory of ethical management is that correctional officers will treat
inmates the way they perceive they are being treated by management.
Because of the ____________ nature of the population, jail officers may not know
much about the inmates they supervise.
A teleological ethical system would approve of a bad act if it resulted in a good
consequence.
Roughly half of all college students surveyed have cheated on tests or papers, despite
believing cheating to be wrong.
If one undertakes an action that is a good but that also results in a negative end, as long
as the negative end was not the intent of the actor, then the good action and good end
can be considered a good. This is called the _______________________.
According to ___________________ theorists, the most effective way to change the
ethics of a profession is to utilize rewards and punishments to change behaviors; that is,
supervision and discipline are the vehicles to creating an ethical organization.
Officers who do the minimal level of work are referred to as ____________.
List and briefly describe at least three of the programs that are included within the
rubric of restorative justice.
Answer:answer not provided
Giving someone a car because they need it is a good act according to ethical formalism,
even if he later dies in a crash because the brakes failed.
Some actions might be considered "good" but are not demanded by justice.
The Latin term _______________ means "for one's self;" in legal terms it means to
serve as your own attorney.
Discuss the differences between teleological systems and deontological systems.
Answer:answer not provided
