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The informal values of police have been said to include which of the following?
a. Cynicism
b. Loyalty
c. Force
d. All these are informal values of police
Assume that Sam was given a sentence that included probation with the condition of
drug treatment. The judge is of the opinion that if Sam can break his addiction then he
will not need to return to crime. If the judge's intention is to help Sam, we could say her
decision is based on the ethics of care. If her purpose was to rehabilitate Sam so that the
community would benefit by removing his need to commit crimes, this would be
consistent with the idea of:
a. restorative justice
b. retributive justice
c. deterrence
d. utilitarianism
The view that an individual has no rights unless these rights are specified in the
Constitution or have been created by some other legal source is referred to as the:
a. the strict constructionist philosophy
b. the interpretationist philosophy
c. the activists philosophy
d. the federalist philosophy
Later, Ted comes by and also argues in favor of seeking the death penalty. His point is
that other would-be murderers in the community need to see that they face the ultimate
penalty for committing murder. He presents you with research that supports the idea
that the death penalty deters crime. He says "I can see why you"re not crazy about the
idea of putting someone to death " that's a terrible thing. But it's best for the whole
community if it sends a message that prevents other murders." Ted's argument is based
on:
a. Utilitarianism
b. ethics of care
c. deontological ethics
d. ethical formalism
Which ethical system would limit a defense attorney's actions to only those allowed by
a strict adherence to the Model Rules?
a. Utilitarianism
b. Ethical formalism
c. Egoism
d. Ethics of care
According to Packer, which of the following is one of the principles under which the
crime control model operates?
a. efficiency is rejected if it involves shortcuts
b. protection of process is as important as protection of innocents
c. a conveyor belt is the model for the system
d. the coercive power of the state is always subject to abuse
In _______________ utilitarianism, only the basic utility derived from an action is
examined.
a. rule
b. act
c. hypothetical
d. categorical
An ethical system which judges the consequences of an act is referred to as:
a. a deontological ethical system
b. a teleological ethical system
c. a formal ethical system
d. a theological ethical system
Which of the following is not one of "The 6 Pillars of Character" presented in the text?
a. Fairness
b. Caring
c. Respect
d. Humility
As stated in the scenario, Larry donates to charity but still provides a comfortable life
for his family. He has found a balance between the competing virtues of giving to the
less-fortunate while also ensuring that he provides for his family. This is an illustration
of:
a. ethical formalism
b. egoism
c. natural law
d. principle of the golden mean
According to the text, the most common charge leveled against prosecutors is:
a. misusing pretrial publicity
b. failure to disclose evidence
c. supporting perjury
d. using false evidence in court
Mary comes to your office and argues in favor of charging capital murder. She believes
that capital punishment is just, because murder deserves a proportional punishment.
Mary's point of view reflects which ethical system?
a. Utilitarianism
b. ethics of care
c. teleological ethics
d. ethical formalism
According to the Brady decision, what are you obligated to do with the shoeprint
information?
a. Brady did not relate to this question
b. You are required to share the evidence with the defense
c. You are required to alert the judge
d. You do not need to provide it to anyone but you may not use it in the trial
Despite the discouragement, you proceed with your lawsuit anyway. Your position is
that the law requires the institution to prove that a ______________________________
exists between prison policies or procedures and the correctional goal of safety and
security.
a. "rational relationship"
b. "clear correlation"
c. "legal connection"
d. "contractual obligation"
Which of the following is not one of Mackie's types of retribution?
a. negative retribution
b. positive retribution
c. punitive retribution
d. permissive retribution
Authority is defined as:
a. the right to inherent in a role to use any means to overcome resistance
b. the use of signs and symbols to induce compliance
c. the use of words and arguments to induce compliance
d. the unquestionable entitlement to be obeyed that comes from fulfilling a specific role
Cohen and Feldberg propose five ethical standards that can be derived from the social
contract. Which of the following is not one of these five principles?
a. fair access
b. punishment
c. teamwork
d. decentralization
This experiment lends credence to the power of:
a. cognitive dissonance
b. modeling
c. the "blank slate"
d. reinforcement
"An eye for an eye" and "a tooth for a tooth" are examples of:
a. lex talionis
b. lex salica
c. lex rasa
d. lex mala
Joe's decision to ignore his ethical reservations is a result of the pressure he feels to
obtain results. Bazerman and Tenbrunsel would refer to Joe's decision as:
a. euphemistic labeling
b. motivated blindness
c. advantageous comparison
d. failure of duty
The last case of the day involves a 16-year-old high school dropout who was convicted
of auto theft. He had no prior record and says that he dropped out of high school to help
his family but has not been able to find work. You are convinced that he only stole the
car out of economic need. You hand down a sentence consisting of probation, with a
condition of attending job training. Your goal is to help the offender improve his
chances at landing a job, which should help keep him away from crime. This decision
reflects the __________ ethic.
a. just deserts
b. expiation
c. treatment
d. social contract
A secret court that consisted of seven federal district court judges appointed by the
Supreme Court's Chief Justice was created by the passing of the ______________ Act
in 1978.
a. Patriot
b. Protect America
c. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance
d. National Security
You are inclined to provide the dental floss. After all, this inmate has never given you
trouble, and in fact you think that he might be helpful in the future when it comes to
relations with troublesome inmates. Such a relationship would illustrate the concept of:
a. officer accommodation
b. "blind eye"
c. informal give-and-take
d. reciprocity
Altruistic acts that benefit the individual by ensuring reciprocal assistance reflect:
a. enlightened egoism
b. altruistic egoism
c. psychological egoism
d. religious egoism
Lack of responsiveness and failure to protect are examples which of the following types
of prison abuse identified by Bomse?
a. malicious or purposeful abuse
b. negligent abuse
c. systematic or budgetary abuse
d. intentional sexual abuse
If the chief wants to pursue an intelligence-led policing strategy, he would:
a. Require his officers to obtain bachelor's degrees
b. Improve relations with the local media
c. Increase surveillance of known criminal organizations
d. Research successful police methods from other cities
According to the conflict paradigm:
a. those who control major social institutions determine how crime is defined
b. law arises from minority interest groups but coalitions and shared interests may shift
the balance of power
c. law serves as a tool of unification
d. law contributes to the collective conscience by providing an example of deviance
The "just war" arguments are primarily based on:
a. ethical formalism
b. natural law
c. ethics of virtue
d. ethics of necessity
Mary's situation is an example of:
a. cultural relativism
b. egoism
c. an ethical dilemma
d. the ethics of care
The operation described in this case can be described as a(n) ____________.
a. informal inquiry
b. proactive investigation
c. reactive investigation
d. pretext investigation
"Means-end" ethical analysis is consistent with:
a. religious ethics
b. dentological ethics
c. teleological ethics
d. ethics of care
Cohen and Feldberg include all of the following as ethical standards derived from the
social contract except:
a. safety and security
b. efficiency
c. fair access
d. teamwork
Which theory of distributive justice would be most opposed to government involvement
in the distribution of goods?
a. Libertarian
b. Utilitarian
c. Egalitarian
d. Marxist
Explain the constitutional issues associated with ethnic or racial profiling.
Answer:answer not provided
The United States, which accounts for five percent of the world population, holds
_________percent of the world's prisoners.
Under the utilitarian rationale for punishment, we weigh the punishment to the crime in
order to balance the wrong to society.
A perception of the police officer as public servant implies a much more restrictive
view of the use of force and police power.
An element of the police subculture is that some police see themselves as a _______,
due in part to low pay.
Less than 10% of state prison beds are managed by private companies.
The term ________________________ refers to a situation when a specific suspect has
been fixated upon and therefore other possibilities are ignored.
Reuss-Ianni found that the informal subculture of police enforced the notion that
managers were not to be trusted.
_____________________ is a legal procedure to confiscate property and money
associated with organized criminal activity.
The First Amendment to the Constitution protects citizens against cruel and unusual
punishment.
Since they both emphasize meeting needs, "ethics of care" is consistent with a
_________ theory of justice.
List and discuss examples of law enforcement corruption in other countries.
Answer:answer not provided
Compare and contrast lex talionis and lex salica. Give an example of each.
Answer:answer not provided
A man makes a donation to charity for the purpose of looking good to his friends. A
deontological review of this action would find it immoral.
Compare the experience that a defendant will have with a private attorney and the
experience that an indigent defendant will have with a public defender.
Answer:answer not provided
Prosecutors are required to pursue a conviction above all other goals.
The term ______________________ refers to Durkheim's view that law resolves
conflicts between equals, as in commutative justice (related to organic solidarity).
