Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics 15th Edition

PART I: SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from

11 COORDINATE GEOMETRY IN SURVEYING CALCULATIONS Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 11.1 The X and Y coordinates (in meters) of station Shore are 246.873 and 659.457, respectively, and those for station Rock are 437.854 and 973.482, respectively. What are the azimuth, bearing, and

12 AREA Asterisks indicate problems that have answers given in Appendix G. *12.1 Compute the area enclosed within polygon ABDFGA of Figure 12.1 using triangles. 418,320 ft2 0r 9.6040 ac; AGD = 137,481 ft2; GFD = 61,900 ft2; GDB = 81,462 ft2; GBA= 40,320 ft2 418,320 ft2 0r 9.6040

13 GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION AND PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 13.1 What does the GNSS receiver provide the user? From Section 13.1, paragraph 1: These systems provide precise timing and positioning information anywhere on the Earth with high reliability

14 GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMSSTATIC SURVEYS Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 14.1 For a 5-km baseline using a dual-frequency receiver, (a) what static surveying method should be used, (b) for what time period should the baseline be observed, and (c) what epoch rate

15 GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMSKINEMATIC SURVEYS Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 15.1* What are the two types of kinematic survey? Post-processed kinematic (PPK) and Real-time kinematic (RTK) From Section 15.1, paragraph 2. Post-processed kinematic (PPK) and Real-time kinematic (RTK) From Section 15.1, paragraph

16 ADJUSTMENT BY LEAST SQUARES Asterisks (*) indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 16.1 What fundamental condition is enforced by the method of weighted least squares? From Section 16.2, paragraph 5: If observed values are to be weighted in least-squares adjustment, then the fundamental condition to

17 MAPPING SURVEYS Asterisks indicate problems that have answers given in Appendix G. 17.1 What methods can be used to display relief on a map? From Section 17.1, paragraph 3: Relief is displayed on maps by using various conventions and procedures. For topographic maps, contours are commonly used and

18 MAPPING Asterisks (*) indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 18.1 What is the scale of the USGS 7-1/2 minute quadrangle map? 1:24,000 1:24,000 1:24,000 18.2* On a map drawn to a scale of 1:4800, a point has a plotting error of 1/30-in. What

19 CONTROL SURVEYS AND GEODETIC REDUCTIONS Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 19.1 What are the defining parameters to describe an ellipsoid such as GRS80? From Section 19.2, paragraph 4: For GRS80 and WGS84, the defining parameters are the semimajor axis a and flattening

Instructor Solution Manual 7 Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics 2 UNITS, SIGNIFICANT FIGURES, AND FIELD NOTES 2.1 List the five types of measurements that form the basis of traditional plane surveying. From Section 2.1, they are (1) horizontal angles, (2) horizontal distances, (3) vertical (altitude or zenith) angles, (4)

20 STATE PLANE COORDINATES AND OTHER MAP PROJECTIONS Asterisks indicate problems that have answers given in Appendix G. 20.1 Discuss the advantages of placing surveys on state plane coordinate systems. From Section 20.1, paragraphs 1&2: It allows computations to be made using simple coordinate geometry formulas, and A state

21 BOUNDARY SURVEYS Asterisks indicate problems that have answers given in Appendix G. 21.1 Define the following terms: (a) Aliquot part From Section 21.1, paragraph 4: smaller subdivisions of the United States Public Land Survey System (PLSS) commonly referred to as the aliquot part. (b) Subdivision survey From Section 21.2,

22 PUBLIC LAND SURVEYS 22.1* Convert 41.3 chains to feet. 2726 ft = 41.3(66) = 2725.8 2726 ft = 41.3(66) = 2725.8 2726 ft = 41.3(66) = 2725.8 22.2 What is meant by the term public lands? From Section 22.1, paragraph 1: The term public lands is applied

23 CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 23.1 What are the first requirements in a construction survey? From Section 23.1, paragraph 2: An accurate control, topographic survey, and site map are the first requirements in designing streets, sewer and water lines, and

24 HORIZONTAL CURVES Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 24.1 How is the effect of centrifugal force counteracted on a horizontal curve? From Section 24.1, paragraph 4: The effect of centrifugal force on a vehicle passing around a curve can be balanced by superelevation,

25 VERTICAL CURVES Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 25.1 Why are vertical curves needed on the grade lines for highways and railroads? From Section 25.1, paragraph 1: Curves are needed to provide smooth transitions between straight segments (tangents) of grade lines for highways

26 VOLUMES Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 26.1 What are the principle methods used to determine volumes in surveying? From Section 26.2, paragraph 1: Three principal systems are used: (1) the cross-section method, (2) the unit-area (or borrow-pit) method, and (3) the contour-area

27 PHOTOGRAMMETRY Asterisks (*) indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 27.1 Describe the difference between vertical, low oblique, and high oblique aerial photos. From Section 27.4, Paragraph 1: Aerial photographs exposed with single-lens frame cameras are classified as vertical (taken with the camera axis aimed vertically

28 INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Asterisks (*) indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 28.1 Describe the concept of layers in a geographic information system. From Section 28.1, Paragraph 4: A generalized concept of how data of different types or layers are collected and overlaid in

12 Instructors Solution Manual Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics 3 THEORY OF ERRORS IN OBSERVATIONS 3.1 Discuss the difference between an error and a residual. From Section 3.3, an error is the difference between the observation and its true value, or = whereas a residual, which is defined in

18 Instructors Solution Manual Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics 4 LEVELING THEORY, METHODS, AND EQUIPMENT 4.1 Define the following leveling terms: (a) vertical line, (b) level surface, and (c) benchmark. From Section 4.2: (a) Vertical line: A line that follows the local direction of gravity as indicated by a plumb

Instructors Manual 25 Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics 5 LEVELING FIELD PROCEDURES AND COMPUTATIONS Asterisks (*) indicate problems that have answers given in Appendix G. 5.1 Explain the left-thumb rule when centering a level. From Section 5.2, paragraph 3: A simple but useful rule in centering a bubble, illustrated in

36 Instructors Solution Manual Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics 6 DISTANCE MEASUREMENT Asterisks (*) indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 6.1 What distance in travel corresponds to 1 sec of time for electromagnetic energy? 0.299792 m = 299,792,458(0.000001) 0.299792 m = 299,792,458(0.000001) 0.299792 m =

7 ANGLES, AZIMUTHS, AND BEARINGS Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 7.1 Define the different reference meridians that can be used for the direction of a line. See Section 7.4. Geodetic or true: Reference to geodetic north, which is referenced to the average position

8 TOTAL STATION INSTRUMENTS; ANGLE OBSERVATIONS Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 8.1 Describe the proper procedure for transporting a total station instrument in the field. From Section 8.5, paragraph 5: When moving between setups in the field, proper care should be taken. Before

9 TRAVERSING Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 9.1 Explain the difference between closed and open traverses. From Section 9.1: Open traverses are mathematically open and offer no means of checking for observational errors or mistakes whereas closed traverses are mathematically and sometimes geometrically

Part II: Sample Introductory Course 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. copyright laws as

Exam 2 (1 point each) True False [Fill in the circle indicating whether the statement is true (T) or false (F).] T F 1. EDMs are unaffected by refraction. T F 2. The length correction in taping is an example of a random error. T F

10 TRAVERSE COMPUTATIONS Asterisks indicate problems that have partial answers given in Appendix G. 10.1 In adjusting measured traverse angles, why arent adjustments made in proportion to the angle sizes? From Section 10.2, paragraph 5: "Unlike corrections for linear observations (described in Section 10.7), adjustments applied to angles are