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Exam 2
(1 point each)
True – False [Fill in the circle indicating whether the statement is true (T) or false (F).]
○ T ○ F
1.
EDM’s are unaffected by refraction.
○ T ○ F
2.
The length correction in taping is an example of a random error.
○ T ○ F
3.
The velocity of an electromagnetic wave does not change when passing through
atmosphere.
○ T ○ F
4.
A cut tape is graduated with an extra foot beyond the zero mark.
○ T ○ F
5.
The NGS as specifications for “third-class leveling.”
○ T ○ F
6.
A collimation test checks if the line of sight in a leveling instrument is horizontal.
○ T ○ F
7.
When measuring distance with an EDM, the line of sight should never be within 1 m
anywhere along its path.
○ T ○ F
8.
A rod level will increase both the accuracy and speed in the field.
○ T ○ F
9.
In general, humidity is irrelevant when measuring distances with a near-infrared EDM.
○ T ○ F
10.
Magnetic declination is the difference between geodetic azimuth and magnetic azimuth.
○ T ○ F
11.
A total station is in adjustment if its line-of-sight axis is perpendicular to its vertical axis.
○ T ○ F
12.
One-second of arc is about 0.05 ft in 10,000 ft.
○ T ○ F
13.
The DIN 18723 standard is based on the observation of a single direction.
○ T ○ F
14.
The “principle of reversion” is used when adjusting level bubbles.
○ T ○ F
15.
In practice, instruments should always be kept in good adjustment, but used as though
they might not be.
(1 point each)
Fill in the blank
The kinds of horizontal angles most commonly observed in surveying are:
(1) __________________, (2) ________________, and (3) ___________________.
A. Azimuths may be (1) ____________________, (2) ___________________,
(3) ___________________, (4) ___________________, (5) ___________________, and
(6) ___________________.
© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all
© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all
Short Answer Problems
(10 points)
B. A distance is measured with an EDM having the instrument/reflector offset constant set to 0
mm. The slope distance is reported as 2435.672 m with a zenith angle reading of
93 34 05 .
The offset is later determined to be 23 mm. What is the correct horizontal distance for this
observation?
_______________
(10 points)
C. A 100-ft steel tape has a length 99.987 ft when fully supported at a temperature of 68° F and
tension of 10-lbs. What is the corrected length of a measured by this fully-supported tape if
the recorded length, temperature and tension are 83.05 ft, 33° F, and 25 lbs of tension,
respectively.
(10 points)
D. A 867.89 ft distance is measured with an EDM that has a manufacturer’s specified accuracy
of 3 mm + 3 ppm. Both the instrument and target miscentering errors are assumed to be
±0.005 ft. What is the uncertainty in this observation?
______________
(10 points)
E. The magnetic bearing of a line in 1884 was N 23 15'W . The magnetic declination at this
times was 5 12 W. What is the true bearing of this line?
______________
(10 points)
F. A zenith angle was measured twice direct giving values of 92 14 26 and 92 14 28 , and
twice reversed yielding readings of 267 45 30 both times. What is the mean zenith angle,
and the indexing error?
______________
(10 points)
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G. Discuss the field procedure used to prolong a line of sight.
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Exam 3
(1 point each)
True – False [Fill in the circle indicating whether the statement is true (T) or false (F).]
○ T ○ F
1.
A closed traverse begins and ends at a station of known coordinates.
○ T ○ F
2.
If the azimuth of a line is 272°15′26″, then the bearing of the same line is S92°15′26″W.
○ T ○ F
3.
Excepts for deflection angles, surveyors should always turn angles clockwise.
○ T ○ F
4.
Angles to the right are clockwise angles with backsights at the “rearward” station and the
foresights on the “forward” station.
○ T ○ F
5.
To avoid ambiguity, only two reference ties should be used to reference a station.
○ T ○ F
6.
Adjustment of angles is dependent on the size of the angle.
○ T ○ F
7.
The departure of a course is the change in the x coordinate.
○ T ○ F
8.
Open traverses should only be used as a last resort in surveying.
○ T ○ F
9.
A single angular mistake can be identified by extending the perpendicular bisector of the
linear closure line.
○ T ○ F
10.
The intersection of two lines with known lengths always results in two possible solutions.
(5 points)
A. What is the geometric closure on a closed polygon traverse with 18 sides? _____________
(10 points)
B. What is the azimuth of line CD if the azimuth of AB is 105°39′12″, angle ABC is
67°35′08″, and angle BCD is 275°10′15″?
_____________
(10 points)
C. If line AB has an azimuth of 156°14′34″ and line BC has an azimuth of 41°56′42″, what is
angle ABC?
_____________
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(5 points)
D. What is the angular misclosure on a five-sided traverse with observed interior angles of
83°07′23″, 105°23′01″, 124°56′48″, 111°51′31″, and 114°41′27″?
_____________
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(15 points)
E. Fill in the missing parts of the closed traverse table below.
Azimuth
Distance
Departure
Latitude
45°32′15″
415.76
101°56′35″
−112.85
644.65
−502.27
209°23′00″
668.46
(10 points)
F. Station A has xy coordinates (in feet) of (42992.36, 14354.37) and station B has xy
coordinates of (43476.79, 15110.90). What are the course length and azimuth?
________________
________________
(10 points)
G. If the sum of the departures in a closed polygon traverse having a total perimeter of 3911.05
ft is 0.22 ft, what is the correction to a course of length 1007.38 ft have a departure of
726.76 ft?
_______________
(10 points)
H. What is the linear misclosure and relative precision of a traverse of 2169.91ft if the
misclosure in departure and latitude are −0.017 ft and −0.086 ft, respectively?
_______________
_______________
(10 points)
I. The azimuth of a line in an assumed coordinate system is 242°15′26″. The azimuth of the
© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all
same line in a datum is 168°38′22″. What is the rotational angle needed to perform a two-
dimensional conformal coordinate transformation?
_______________
(5 points)
J. If the standard error for each angle measurement of a traverse is ±3″, what is the estimated
error in the geometric closure in the sum of the angles for a 12-sided traverse?
_______________
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Final Exam
Equation Sheet
traverse perimeter AB
traverse perimeter AB
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departure
latitude
A
A
X AB
Y AB
22
(departure ) (latitude )AB AB
1
tan XC
Y
( )( ) ( )s s a s b s c
0
12
22
n
hh
b h h
2
S
S
1[ ( ) ( ) ( )
2
( ) ( )]
A E B B A C C B D
D C E E D A
X Y Y X Y Y X Y Y
X Y Y X Y Y
11
meridian distance of departure of departure of
22
AB AB BC
2( 360 )R
2 2 2 2
ba
A E B E
E
n
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Final Exam
(1 point each)
TRUE - FALSE [Fill in the circle indicating whether the statement is true (T) or false (F).]
❍T ❍F 1. The number 768,000 has six significant digits.
❍T ❍F 2. There are 45,360 square feet in one acre.
❍T ❍F 3. Using the survey foot definition, one meter equals 39.37 inches.
❍T ❍F 4. 24 times 360.01 equals 8640 to the correct number of significant digits.
❍T ❍F 5. 78.149 is equal to 78.2 when round to the tenths place.
❍T ❍F 6. Field notes should be discarded when a project is complete.
❍T ❍F 7. Sketches in a field book should be drawn to an accurate scale.
❍T ❍F 8. A zenith angle is measured in the horizontal plane.
❍T ❍F 9. The sensitivity of a level vial is determined by its radius of curvature.
❍T ❍F 10. In leveling, balancing plus sight and minus sight distances corrects for instrument
collimation errors.
❍T ❍F 11. Refraction always causes the line of sight to appear to be too high.
❍T ❍F 12. "Accuracy" denotes absolute nearness to the truth.
❍T ❍F 13. Bringing the bubble halfway back to center compensates for the fact that the vertical
axis of a total station is not perpendicular to the axis of the plate bubble.
❍T ❍F 14. Measuring angles both direct and reverse compensates for the fact that the vertical axis
in a total station may not be perpendicular to the horizontal axis.
❍T ❍F 15. Under a fixed set of conditions, random errors have the same magnitude and sign.
❍T ❍F 16. Waving the rod during leveling compensates for curvature and refraction.
❍T ❍F 17. A slope distance measured by EDM must be corrected for atmospheric pressure and
temperature.
❍T ❍F 18. Three repeated measurements for a distance are 395.28, 395.27, and 395.29 ft.,
respectively. These measurements are precise when the true value of the measurement
is 395.95 ft.
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PROBLEMS
The following are six repeated measurements of a taped distance.
429.35 , 429.34, 429.37, 429.32, 429.39, 429.33
{5 points}
A. What is the most probable value of the measurement? (nearest 0.01) MPV = _____________
{5 points}
B. What is the standard deviation? (nearest 0.001) σ = ____________
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The following questions apply to measurements using a steel tape which was calibrated to be 99.890-ft
long when fully supported at 68°F and 10-lbs. pull. Its cross-sectional area was 0.0050 square inches.
{5 points}
C. A line AB was measured on flat ground with the tape fully supported using 10 lbs. of pull and
recorded to be 275.20-ft. long when the temperature was 43°F. What is its corrected horizontal
length? (nearest 0.001 ft)
L = _________________
{5 points}
D. A horizontal distance DE exactly 275.20 ft. is required to be laid out according to a blue print. If this
distance will be laid out on flat ground using the tape fully supported with a 20-lb pull, and the
temperature is 85°F what distance must be measured using this tape. (nearest 0.01-ft)
L = _________________
{10 points}
E. For the measured angles given on the figure below, and assuming
the fixed azimuth of the line AB is 47°45′, calculate the adjusted angles
and azimuths of lines BC and CA and show a check. (nearest 1′)
A = _______̊______'
B = _______̊______'
C = _______̊______'
AzBC = ________̊______'
Az CA = _______̊______'
B
A
C
47°24
44°11
88°22
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{10 points}
F. What is the area of the five-sided parcel below to the nearest square foot? ... nearest 0.001 acre?
Station
X (ft)
Y (ft)
A
0.00
591.64
B
125.66
847.60
C
716.31
294.07
D
523.62
0.00
E
517.55
202.97
AREA = __________________ ft2
AREA = ________________ acres
(10 points)
G. The coordinates of A and B are (23451.23, 10034.56) and (22678.93, 12387.43), respectively. What
are the azimuth and distance of the line AB. (nearest 1", nearest 0.01 ft)
AB = ___________________ ft
AzAB = _______̊______'______"
(10 points)
H Two measurements that presented unusual difficulty in the field were omitted in the survey of a
boundary, as shown in the following field notes. Compute the missing distance and azimuth for line
EA. (nearest 1″; nearest 0.01 ft)
Line
Distance
Azimuth
Departure
Latitude
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AB
671.07
88°00′00″
BC
436.45
91°00′00″
CD
510.67
206°00′00″
DE
778.05
318°00′00″
EA
EA = ___________________ ft
AzEA = _________̊_______'_______"
(10 points)
I In the figure to the right, the X, Y, and Z
coordinates (in feet) of station A are 3860.83,
4819.98, and 154.06, respectively, and those at B
are 6865.48, 5007.21, and 135.69, respectively.
Determine the three-dimensional of a total station
at point P base upon the following observations.
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