978-0134604657 Chapter 2

Instructor’ Solution Manual 7

Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics

2 UNITS, SIGNIFICANT FIGURES, AND FIELD NOTES

2.1 List the five types of measurements that form the basis of traditional plane surveying.

2.2 Give the basic units that are used in surveying for length, area, volume, and angles in

(a) The English system of units.

From Section 2.2:

2.3 The easting coordinate for a point is 725,316.911 m. What is the coordinate using the

(a) Survey foot definition?

(b) International foot definition?

(c) Why was the survey foot definition maintained in the United States?

2.4 Convert the following distances given in meters to U.S. survey feet:

2.5 Convert the following distances given in survey feet to meters:

2.6 Compute the lengths in survey feet corresponding to the following distances measured

with a Gunter’s chain:

2.7 Express 5,377,700 sft2 in:

2.8 Convert 23.4587 ha to:

2.9 What are the lengths in feet and decimals for the following distances shown on a

2.10 What is the area in acres of a rectangular parcel of land measured with a Gunter’s chain

2.11 Compute the area in acres of triangular lots shown on a plat having the following

2.13 What are the radian and degree-minute-second equivalents for the following angles

given in grads:

2.14 Give answers to the following problems in the correct number of significant figures:

*(a) sum of 23.15, 0.984, 124, and 12.5 161

2.15 Express the value or answer in powers of 10 to the correct number of significant figures:

2.16 Convert the angles of a triangle to radians and show a computational check:

2.17 Why should a ball point pen not be used in field notekeeping?

2.18 Explain why one number should not be superimposed over another or the lines of

sketches.

2.19 Explain why data should always be entered directly into the field book at the time

measurements are made, rather than on scrap paper for neat transfer to the field book

later.

time of the measurements to avoid loss of data.

2.20 Why should the field notes show the precision of the measurements?

10 Instructor’s Solution Manual

Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics

2.21 Explain the reason for item 7 in Section 2.11 when recording field notes.

2.22 Explain the reason for item 13 in Section 2.11 when recording field notes.

2.23 Explain the reason for item 18 in Section 2.11 when recording field notes.

2.24 When should sketches be made instead of just recording data?

2.25 Justify the requirement to list in a field book the makes and serial numbers of all

instruments used on a survey.

2.26 Discuss the advantages of survey controllers that can communicate with several

different types of instruments.

2.27 Discuss why data should always be backed up at regular intervals.

From Section 2.13, paragraph 1: “At regular intervals, usually at lunchtime and at the

2.28 Search the Internet and find at least two sites related to

(a) Manufacturers of survey controllers.

2.29 Why do many survey controllers contain digital cameras?

2.30 What are the dangers involved in using a survey controller?

2.31 Describe what is meant by the phrase “field–to–finish.”

From Section 2.15, “The field codes can instruct the drafting software to draw a map

2.32 Why are sketches in field books not usually drawn to scale?