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Petersilia makes a persuasive case for investing in prison programs that will provide inmates with a. meaningful work experience b. education c. anger management programs d. all of the above The Victims’ Rights Movement emerged in the a. 1960s b. […]

The evidence on victims’ voice laws shows that they have ________ effect on serious crime. a. an inverse b. no discernible c. a direct and strong d. a direct but weak Interdiction-type strategies a. attempt to stop the flow of […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. While crime rates are down, most criminologists feel that this is a statistical artifact rather than a genuine decline. 2. Explaining the crime drop might involve broad changes in behavior that are beyond […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. The 2008 Heller ruling drastically changed the existing gun control laws in the U.S. by finding that the ban on handgun possession in the home violates the Second Amendment. 2. The majority of […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. The concept of rehabilitation is the cornerstone of traditional liberal crime control policy. 2. Martinson’s report does not meet the current standards of evidence-based crime policy analysis. ANS: F REF: 11-4 3. The […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. Crime control policies have traditionally relied on external authority, such as law enforcement and punitive sentence, but procedural justice policies seek to cultivate internally based voluntary obligation 2. Where you have lawfulness you […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. Public hysteria over drugs and drug-related crime prevents sensible discussion of policy. 2. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health collects self-report data on a sample of the general population and has […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. One of the basic operating principles for effective community-focused crime prevention and control is that it requires the simultaneous application of several policies. 2. In areas with higher levels of collective efficacy, lower […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. The day-to-day administration of justice is less complex than the formal machinery of the justice system. 2. Walker proposes that most crime control ideas are based on false assumptions about how the CJS […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. A lack of data makes it difficult to evaluate our CJS. 2. A reexamination of the funnel effect using more recent BJS data found that this effect no longer exists. ANS: F REF: […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. Findings from Wolfgang’s landmark Delinquency in a Birth Cohort study contributed to a shift in crime control policy from specific to general incapacitation. 2. Wolfgang’s original findings have been confirmed by other cohort […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. Nationally, there are 2.2 sworn officers per 1,000 people in the United States. 2. The police-population ratio is meaningless as a measure of police effectiveness. ANS: T REF: 5-3 3. The Kansas City […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. Liberals typically favor deterrence-oriented policies because they favor prevention. 2. Scared Straight programs are designed to deter by provoking fear in order to make crime seem more costly than beneficial to juveniles. ANS: […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. Incarceration strategies seek to limit the discretion of judges who are viewed by conservatives as lenient bleeding hearts. 2. Prosecutors refuse to set bail higher than the minimum amount required in bail guidelines. […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. According to the text, career criminal prosecution programs are an effective yet tough strategy. 2. The insanity defense is raised in fewer than 1% of all criminal indictments. ANS: T REF: 8-8 3. […]

Test Bank and Answer Key TRUE/FALSE 1. Historically victims represented themselves before judges but in modern Anglo-American law there is no formal role for victims. 2. Liberals have dominated the victims’ rights movement, but other political groups including feminists have […]

A policy designed to lock up only the few high-rate offenders or career criminals is known as a. pretrial detention b. preventive detention c. selective incapacitation d. gross incapacitation Walker maintains that, based on the evidence, a. plea bargaining is […]

The most important factor in parolees’ adjustment to society was found to be a. a job b. family support c. a place to live d. referral to substance abuse treatment With the advent of drug courts, the traditional role of […]

Graduates of boot camps who had lower recidivism rates participated in camps with a. more treatment services b. more intensive sessions c. more intensive post-release supervision d. all of the above e. none of the above There is evidence of […]

What effects of alcohol prohibition are similar to those of drug prohibition? a. turning casual users into criminals undermining respect for the law b. enforcement abuses including illegal searches and seizures c. the black market and corruption d. all of […]

Walker argues that the American CJS is so complex, because a. it is based on English common law, but we have added our own statutory laws piecemeal over time to fill in the gaps b. of our capitalist economy and […]

There are several basic methods for predicting criminal behavior including which of the following? a. the actuarial method which is similar to presentence investigations b. the prior history method that sentencing guidelines are based on c. the clinical evaluation method […]

In 2012, _____% of Americans supported banning assault rifles. a. 24 b. 68 c. 44 d. 54 The implementation of reforms by the courtroom work group is dependent upon a. the location of change as changes mandated from outside the […]

The crime problem within the United States in comparison to other countries is one of a. property crimes b. sexual assaults c. lethal violence d. drug use Denying voting rights to convicted offenders may keep them from a. reducing their […]

Conservatives embrace the _____(1)_____ model while liberals embrace the _____(2)_____ model. a. (1) due process (2) crime-control b. (1) crime-control (2) due process c. (1) community-focused (2) evidence-based d. (1) evidence-based (2) community-focused The real function of the GBMI verdict […]

Those who return to the community must overcome a number of issues including? a. illiteracy b. physical and mental health issues c. gainful employment d. all of the above One reason that suspects often cooperate with the police is that […]

Despite the fact that the insanity defense is raised in less than 1% of all criminal indictments, one poll found that people believed nearly __% of all criminal defendants used it. a. 95 b. 66 c. 87 d. 40 An […]

The Miranda warning must be given a. whenever a suspect is in custody b. once probable cause is determined c. at the moment of arrest d. before questioning The research studies discussed in this chapter have provided information on a. […]

The chapter reported appeals to be rarely used with the exception of a. celebrated cases and civil disputes b. death row inmates and writ writers c. habeas corpus petitions d. due process challenges The career criminal prosecution program in San […]