Test Bank and Answer Key
TRUE/FALSE
1. Public hysteria over drugs and drug-related crime prevents sensible discussion of policy.
2. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health collects self-report data on a sample of the general
population and has found drug use to be limited to certain demographic groups.
3. If there were success in substantially reducing illegal drug use, there would be a reduction in
crimes associated with drug usage to the same degree.
4. Research supports that there is a direct causal link between crime and drugs.
5. Owls emphasize law enforcement to eradicate drug abuse while doves prefer prevention and
treatment of drug abuse.
6. Minorities use illegal drugs more heavily than Caucasians.
7. Interdiction efforts seek to stop the flow of drugs into the country while eradication deals with
reducing production of drug plants in the field.
8. Attempts to control products or services through the criminal law may create a criminal syndicate
to provide the product or service.
9. The Scared Straight program in which adult offenders told juvenile offenders about the horrors of
imprisonment is an educational strategy known as moral appeal.
10. DARE provides skills for recognizing and resisting social pressures to experiment with alcohol,
tobacco and drugs, as well as developing skills in risk assessment and decision making.
11. Properly managed drug court programs are effective in reducing both drug use and criminal
behavior.
12. The primary goal of therapeutic communities is to temporarily remove the external influences
that contribute to drug dependency and using counseling to restructure the client’s personality.
13. Maximalists support legalization of all drugs for adults only, while agnostics have no final
position on the legalization debate.
14. Drug legalization means the complete elimination of all forms of government control.
15. The impact of legalizing drugs is well documented and is known to increase serious crime.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The hysteria over the drug problem involving crack babies was
a.
underestimated
c.
greatly exaggerated
b.
an accurate representation of the drug
problem
d.
none of the above
2. The Drug Abuse Warning Network collects data from
a.
a self-report of high school seniors
b.
a nationally representative sample of persons 12 years old and older
c.
emergency room visits
d.
urine specimens of parolees
3. We can reasonably conclude that legalization of drugs will lead to a reduction in what type of
drug crime?
a.
drug-defined
d.
all of the above
b.
drug-related
e.
none of the above
c.
crimes associated with drug use
4. Regarding the drug-crime connection
a.
drug-defined crimes refer to crimes caused by drug use and abuse
b.
crimes associated with drug use include the commission of robberies to get money to buy
drugs
c.
drug-related crimes include violent behavior caused by the pharmacological effects of
drugs
d.
drug-related crimes include possession and sale of illegal substances
5. The American drug policy is dominated by the __________ approach to drug policy.
a.
hawk
c.
dove
b.
owl
d.
crow
6. Select the most accurate statement regarding the different approaches to drug policy.
a.
hawks believe drug policy is the problem while doves emphasize supply reduction
b.
owls believe we should respond to drug abuse as a public health problem
c.
most liberals favor hawk-type policies while conservatives favor owl-type policies
d.
the radical dove approach is to legalize drugs while hawks emphasize supply reduction
7. The impact of the war on drugs is best summarized by which of the following statements?
a.
the number of arrests for drug offenses has increased and a larger proportion of drug
offenders were Caucasians rather than racial minorities
b.
the number of people arrested for drug offenses now represents 12% of all arrests and our
prison population has skyrocketed
c.
African-Americans are treated less harshly by the criminal justice system than Caucasians
though they are only somewhat more likely to use illegal drugs
d.
African-Americans are treated harshly by the criminal justice system because they are far
more likely to use illegal drugs
8. Racial bias is evident at what point in the criminal justice system?
a.
bail amounts for minority drug offenders
b.
harsher sentences for minority drug offenders for crack
c.
at every stage of the criminal justice system
d.
racial bias has not been established using research evidence
9. The use of local law enforcement efforts as a strategy for reducing drug abuse
a.
is an owl type of drug control policy
b.
is the best way to counter the replacement effect
c.
is unlikely to have much impact on the availability of drugs on the street
d.
is an effective long-term strategy because of the intensive geographical focus
10. Interdiction-type strategies
a.
attempt to stop the flow of drugs entering the country
b.
attempt to reduce the production of drug plants in the field
c.
are demand-reduction strategies that seek to intercede early into drug addiction
d.
are supply-reduction strategies that seek reduce the availability of drugs
11. Attempts to reduce the production of drug plants in the field are known as what?
a.
interdiction
c.
demand-reduction
b.
eradication
d.
none of the above
12. Increased drug interdiction efforts have resulted in
a.
an increase in incarceration in the U.S.
b.
a reduction in the number of drug arrests
c.
a noticeable decrease in the worldwide production of drugs
d.
no decrease in the worldwide production of drugs
13. What effects of alcohol prohibition are similar to those of drug prohibition?
a.
turning casual users into criminals undermining respect for the law
b.
enforcement abuses including illegal searches and seizures
c.
the black market and corruption
d.
all of the above
e.
none of the above
14. Historical examples where the criminal law was used to control wanted products or services show
us that
a.
this is an effective way to change behavior
b.
it does not eliminate the prohibited behavior and may cause more harm than good
c.
the criminal justice system does a better job changing behavior than public health agencies
d.
most prohibited behaviors are considered immoral by the majority of Americans
16. One of the conclusions about using the criminal law to control products or services that a large
number of people want is
a.
secondary crime will be prevented
b.
it enhances respect for the law
c.
someone will try to supply them
d.
it effectively changes behavior
17. Examples of behaviors that have been effectively controlled socially outside of the criminal
justice system include
a.
smoking and automobile fatalities
c.
prohibitions of alcohol and abortion
b.
“just say no” and DARE
d.
all of the above
18. An educational strategy that seeks to change behavior by providing information and assumes
people will not engage in certain behaviors such as drug use or risky sex is
a.
information dissemination
b.
moral appeal
c.
fear arousal
d.
affective education
19. An educational strategy that attempts to develop personal and social skills that will help people
resist certain behavior is known as
a.
information dissemination
c.
moral appeal
b.
fear arousal
d.
affective education
20. The “Scared Straight” program used which of the educational strategies?
a.
information dissemination
b.
fear arousal
c.
moral appeal
d.
affective education
21. Why has the DARE program been a stable anti-drug educational program?
a.
it relies primarily on information dissemination
b.
it effectively reduces long-term drug use
c.
it is popular with parents, politicians and the police
d.
it relies on the most effective teaching method
e.
all of the above
22. Why is the DARE program ineffective?
a.
use of lecture rather than participative
instruction
c.
lack of training of police officers
b.
influence of peers
d.
all of the above
23. AIDS education programs have been effective with _____(1)_____ but ineffective with younger
gay males and ____(2)_____ with concern to unsafe sexual encounters.
a.
(1) adult gay men (2) the underclass
c.
(1) needle-drug users (2) female teenagers
b.
(1) female teenagers (2) adult gay men
d.
(1) needle-drug users (2) the underclass
24. People who engage in certain illicit behaviors that are most likely to respond to information
dissemination programs are
a.
poor and desperate
c.
fifth and sixth graders
b.
prior offenders
d.
successful and educated
25. The least expensive and least controversial type of drug treatment program is what?
a.
therapeutic communities
c.
drug courts
b.
outpatient drug-free programs
d.
faith-based treatment
26. One of the major issues related to drug treatment is the __________ of treatment programs.
a.
cost
c.
availability
b.
toughness
d.
length
27. The most serious and disturbing problem with drug treatment programs is
a.
high rates of relapse
b.
clients who complete them are just as likely to use drugs
c.
they are expensive to implement
d.
determining how lengthy they should be
28. Drug courts are seemingly more effective than other forms of drug treatment due to
a.
judicial involvement
c.
proper planning and management
b.
its selection process
d.
all of the above
29. One danger of overexpansion of drug courts is
a.
difficulty finding qualified judges
b.
persuading states to fund the courts
c.
admitting the extent of the drug problem in the U.S.
d.
admitting people who are not amenable to treatment, thus lowering the success rate
30. The biggest challenge for effective drug treatment is
a.
the ever-growing range of available drugs
c.
obtaining funding
b.
removing the stigma of drug treatment
d.
matching the right program with the right
client
31. The case for legalization includes which of the following points?
a.
criminal prohibition has not reduced drug use
b.
we spend billions of dollars a year on the drug war
c.
the war on drugs produces harmful side effects
d.
all of the above
32. Those who believe in a drug legalization strategy involving the elimination of penalties for adult
possession of marijuana and other less dangerous drugs are known as legalization
a.
maximalists
c.
minimalists
b.
moderates
d.
agnostics
33. The predicted effects of drug legalization depend on which strategy is proposed, but no matter
what policy is adopted the following questions arise
a.
will we still be able to get tough with certain drug offenders?
b.
would drug use and predatory crime increase or decrease?
c.
would we criminalize tobacco use?
d.
will we continue to see fewer teens using marijuana?
34. Karel’s legalization proposal includes the maintenance of which drug(s) as completely illegal?
a.
crack and PCP
d.
all of the above
b.
coca leaves
e.
none of the above
c.
psychedelic drugs
35. The danger of legalizing drugs is
a.
our society will crumble as everyone walks around in a drug-induced haze
b.
residents of other countries will pour into the U.S. to purchase drugs
c.
the mechanisms of socialization might be overwhelmed by the legislation
d.
drug dealers will turn to other dangerous criminal activity
SHORT ANSWER
1. Compare and contrast the four surveys used to measure the extent of the drug problem; include in
your reply weaknesses of each.
2. Describe the drug policies emphasized by hawks, owls and doves.
3. Explain the rationale behind various drug supply-reduction efforts.
4. Differentiate between the four educational strategies.
5. Evaluate the argument that drug treatment programs are effective through consideration of the
various types of programs, reduction in drug use and relapse.
6. Compare and contrast the legalization strategies and proposed effects presented by maximalists,
moderates, minimalists and agnostics.