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_______ ___ _______ is the legal decision in which the Supreme Court created the “inevitable discovery” exception to the exclusionary rule. A ____________________ occurs when someone is sentenced to death for a crime they did not commit. Answer: Wrongful conviction […]

The work of a correctional officer is boring, offers low pay, and minimal _______ _______. A _______ _______ will post bail for a defendant for a fee. Answer: bail bondsman or bail agent Male prisoners are more likely than female […]

How has public opinion affected the release of offenders back into the community? Have these changes helped offenders to reduce recidivism? Explain your answer. Answer:Responses will vary Illegally downloading music from the Internet is a federal crime in the United […]

In which of the following cases did the U. S. Supreme Court establish that criminal defendants must be read their rights? a. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) b. Terry v. Ohio (1968) c. Chimel v. California (1969) d. Miranda v. Arizona […]

Which of the following is true concerning the general fear of crime in American society? a. Fear limits freedom b. Fear creates anxieties that affect well-being c. Many Americans adjust their daily activities to prevent victimization d. Television has a […]

A sentence requiring the offender to remain inside his or her home during specified periods is called ____________________. __________ offenses are prohibited by law but are not wrong in themselves. Answer: Mala prohibita The War on Drugs has drastically reduced […]

The central goal of the community corrections approach is that of: a. crime control b. reintegration c. curing crime d. incarceration e. deterrence Which of the following is not a major duty of the police? a. keeping the peace b. […]

Lynn is a college student who became frustrated with the small amount of money she was making as an associate in a retail store. A friend suggested that she consider working in the “escort” business. Lynn later became a prostitute […]

____________ officers have taken an oath and have powers to make arrests. The authors of your textbook have noted that an increasingly large percentage of inmates have committed drug crimes. Why has this occurred, and what effect might it have […]

Although some departments may forbid moonlighting by their officers, some departments simultaneously facilitate and control the hiring of their officers. _______ _______ is a branch of a police department that receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies […]

States and counties pay approximately ________ or more annually to cover cost of holding each prisoner in a secure facility. All crime victims can expect to receive full restitution from the offenders who harmed them. Answer: F The court case, […]

Which of the following situations is an example of restorative justice? a. A violent offender is sentenced to 6 months in jail. b. A property offender receives corporal punishment. c. A drug offender picks up trash on the highways. d. […]

Various minority populations are over represented within the correctional system. This makes their reentry into the community difficult. What ways can this problematic reentry be changed, if any? How can you get the community to buy in? Answer:Responses will vary […]

____________________crimes are committed by or against a government. When improperly obtained evidence is used because it would later have been discovered anyway even without improper actions by the police, this is called the __________ ______ . Answer: inevitable discovery rule […]

Selective incapacitation is used to incarcerate career criminals for longer periods of time than other criminals. A __________________ is a written order directing an individual to appear in court to answer a criminal charge. Answer: citation/summons “Good time” is a […]

Most criminal cases are heard at the federal level. Life course theories of criminal behavior attempt to identify important developmental pathways to criminal behavior. Answer: T Entrapment cannot be used as a defense in a criminal trial. Answer: F How […]

A model of corrections based upon the assumption that criminal behavior can be controlled by more use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision. a. congregate model b. medical model c. rehabilitation model d. community corrections model e. crime […]

One drawback to the deterrence model of punishment is that it assumes criminals weigh the costs and benefits of crime. There has been a major increase in the number of African Americans sentenced to prison in the past thirty years. […]

The FBI is a part of the Department of ____________________. Preventive detention has been ruled constitutional because it is not designed to be punishment. Answer: T If you or a family member has been charged with first degree murder and […]

Parolees in some states are restricted from voting in presidential elections. Should individuals who are eventually exonerated by DNA evidence receive monetary compensation for their time spent in prison? If so, how do you measure in dollar amounts the proper […]

Which of the following statements about measurements of police productivity is true? a. Clearance rate is the most effective measure of police productivity. b. Crime rate is the most effective measure of police productivity. c. Clearance rate and crime rate […]

States that do not use parole boards use which of the following methods of release? a. discretionary release b. other conditional release c. mandatory release d. expiration release e. all of these When police officers use their authority to deprive […]

Laws that require offenders to serve a substantial proportion of their sentence before being released as known as: a. Truth-in-sentencing laws b. Mandatory sentencing laws c. Indeterminate sentencing laws d. Determinate sentencing laws e. Good time laws Which of the […]

Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) found that if a parole officer alleges a technical violation, a two-step revocation is: a. not necessary b. helpful, but not required c. required d. time consuming e. up to the officer’s discretion When inmates are […]

Lynn is a college student who became frustrated with the small amount of money she was making as an associate in a retail store. A friend suggested that she consider working in the “escort” business. Lynn later became a prostitute […]

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that prisoners do not share the same rights against unreasonable search and seizure as non-incarcerated individuals. Sexual assault victims are most likely to be assaulted by someone they know. Answer: T Some have criticized […]

During a recent statewide election voters elected a much more ideologically conservative state legislature. Over the next couple of years that legislature enacted several “get tough” laws aimed at restoring capital punishment, creating mandatory sentences, and removing several options for […]

Which of the following areas is not an emphasis of the FBI? a. organized crime b. vandalism c. terrorism d. political corruption e. foreign intelligence This particular act approves the use of “roving” surveillance aimed at particular individuals. a. US […]

Which of the following is not one of the four factors that make governing prisons different from administering other public institutions? a. the effects of total power b. the limitation on the rewards and punishment officials can use c. the […]

The inclusion of this on police cars can increase the number of license plates checked by about 80 times the number that can be checked by a police officer. a. A radar detector b. A GPS tracking device c. A […]

ComStat delivers detailed crime statistics for each precinct and helps to develop immediate approaches and goals for problem solving. . How has the increased focus on homeland security and terrorism affected the emphasis on citizens’ constitutional rights? Do you think […]

How can corporations that offer private security recruit qualified applicants? Is it necessary to require a college education to work within such a field? Is private security a viable career path outside of law enforcement? Answer:Responses will vary Should those […]

The US Supreme Court ruled in _______________that the death penalty cannot be imposed as punishment for the crime of child rape. _______ _________rules that juries composed of fewer than 12 members are constitutional. Answer: Williams v. Florida (1970) The majority […]

The two most important elements of the police working personality are ____________________ and ____________________. There have been no recorded deaths resulting from the use of rubber bullets by police. Answer: F An early theory of explaining criminal behavior is that […]

Which of the following is true concerning female victims of rape? a. About three-quarters of sexual assaults against women are perpetrated by an acquaintance of the victim b. Most women do not take protective measures to avoid being attacked by […]

Mala prohibita offenses are: a. morally offensive acts that fall short of criminal status b. offenses that are considered wrong by moral standards c. offenses that are considered wrong in American culture d. offenses prohibited by law but not wrong […]

How is procedural criminal law defined? a. by prosecutors, through the filing of charges b. by courts, through judicial rulings c. by citizens, through ballot proposals d. by lobbyists, through political polling e. by police officers, through discretion Supporters of […]

Punishments that fall somewhere between the extremes of prison and probation are referred to as ____________________ sanctions. For the most part, correctional goals and methods are NOT influenced by social and political values. Answer: F _______ are often referred to […]

A consent search provides a valuable investigatory tool for officers. The series of events from the arrest of a suspect to the filing of a formal charge is known as the ____________________ process. Answer: accusatory Police help maintain order by […]

The ____________________ style of police is marked by professionalism and an emphasis on law enforcement. Higher level security managers are increasingly drawn from college graduates with degrees in criminal justice. Answer: T The Bill of Rights has been completely incorporated […]

This socioeconomic group is often hit hard by identify theft: a. poor b. disadvantaged c. lower middle class d. affluent e. tax exempt Which of the following functions is likely to be assigned as a community service? a. cleaning laundry […]

When a person is physically taken into custody, it is known as a(n): a. Warrant b. Arrest c. Indictment d. Information e. Booking Which of the following statements about the death penalty is true? a. It is unconstitutional to execute […]

Which of the following statements regarding the American prison population during the last thirty years is TRUE? a. There has been a decrease in the number of African Americans. b. There has been a decrease in the number of Hispanics. […]

Prisoners’ right to due process requires that: a. they be allowed to conduct religious services b. they be given food and medical care c. they have access to television and recreation d. they have hearings when charged with serious disciplinary […]

To be a crime, an act must cause harm to some legally protected value. Different departments allocate their officers in different ways. Some departments keep more officers on patrol than others, while others stress criminal investigation. What factors might affect […]

The insanity defense is used in most cases in the American criminal justice system. How can law enforcement policing effective in those communities that would be considered special populations? What outside agencies should law enforcement utilize to BE MORE effective? […]

Police are allowed to use deception when interrogating a suspect. Many people feel that the jury system as it is does not work. Would implementing a professional juror help alleviate many of the current issues? Who would this benefit? Answer:Responses […]