How is procedural criminal law defined?
a. by prosecutors, through the filing of charges
b. by courts, through judicial rulings
c. by citizens, through ballot proposals
d. by lobbyists, through political polling
e. by police officers, through discretion
Supporters of tough crime-control policies use which of the following as justifications
for their support?
a. Crime causes poverty
b. Laws must ensure strict and certain penalties
c. Longer prison sentences removes hardened criminals from the community
d. Police must have resources and legal backing to pursue criminals
e. All of the above are justifications used to support tough crime-control policies
Probable conditions of release to assist in readjustment to society may include which of
the following?
a. abstain from alcohol
b. keep away from undesirable associates
c. maintain good work habits
d. not leave the state without permission
e. all of these
Which of the following statements about the use of new technology in policing is true?
a. Only a few departments can afford new technology.
b. Police departments stand to gain very little from the use of new technology.
c. New technology may raise issues regarding constitutional rights.
d. Police rarely use new technology.
e. None of these; all of the statements given are false.
Which of the following statements concerning instruments of crime measurement is
TRUE?
a. The UCR is the most accurate.
b. The NCVS is the most accurate.
c. Both the UCR and the NCVS are equally accurate.
d. Both the UCR and the NCVS are distorted because of the differences in crime
measurement
e. The UCR and the NCVS, if taken together, create an accurate picture.
James Jones has recently been found not guilty of first degree murder of Lisa Smith.
The victim’s family has decided to have the case tried as a wrongful death case in a
different court. James Jones believes that he is free from additional court activity due to
rights guaranteed by the constitution. Several weeks later, Mr. Jones is given notice of
his new upcoming court date.
James had determined that he was protected against being tried again for the same
crime. What amendment gives him this protection, if any?
a. Fifth amendment
b. Sixth amendment
c. Eighth amendment
d. Tenth amendment
Which of the following describes the “prosecution complex”?
a. an offender fears unfair treatment by the prosecutor
b. a judge sides with the prosecutor in a court decision
c. a defense attorney comes to believe he/she represents the state
d. a prosecutors views herself as an instrument of law enforcement
e. a prosecutor is unable to understand the complexities of the justice system
The most important factor in the decision to take a case to trial is likely to be the:
a. seriousness of the charge
b. previous record of the defendant
c. quality of the defense attorney
d. ideology of the judge
e. reputation of the prosecuting attorney
The small size of women’s prisons and the relatively small number of women prisoners
has contributed to:
a. a lack of resources devoted to programs and rehabilitation
b. a culture dominated by gangs
c. an steady increase in prison violence
d. the creation of “wall-less” prisons
e. careful separation of violent and non-violent offenders
David Thompson has just been arrested and charged with arson. This is his third charge
within the last four years. He has just recently completed probation from his last charge.
David is concerned that he may not have enough cash to make bail
The judge sets David’s bail at $25,000 due to his prior convictions. He cannot make bail
on his own. If David can come up with $2,500 on his own, he will be able to make:
a. ROR
b. incremental bail
c. bail fund
d. bail bondsman
e. indigent bail
Each offense that a prosecutor charges a person with in an indictment is a:
a. element
b. crime
c. count
d. charge
Research conducted by the Bureau of Justice statistics has found that most prisoners
are:
a. young minority males with less than a high school education
b. older minority males with a high school education
c. young minority females with less than a high school education
d. older white males from organized crime groups
e. older white males who organized drug trafficking gangs
Being a prison manager requires a special persona. Based upon the requirements of
being an effective administrator, what characteristics does this individual need to
uphold? How can they use these skills to manage a group of captives?
Answer:Responses will vary
Medium-security prisons:
a. house the least violent offenders
b. house inmates perceived as “hardened criminals”
c. allow prisoners to live in dormitories
d. place greater emphasis on work and rehabilitation than maximum security prisons
e. confine inmates to their cells 23 hours per day
In which role does the judge work to manage his/her employment staff and balance a
budget?
a. adjudicator
b. administrator
c. negotiator
d. electoral candidate
e. appellate advocate
Which of the following refers to a difference in treatment between groups?
a. Federalism
b. Prejudice
c. Disparity
d. Exchange
e. Discretion
The fact that federal sentencing guidelines punish users of crack cocaine more harshly
than users of powder cocaine is used by Cole and Smith as an example of which of the
following?
a. that unequal status in society can shape criminal justice policy
b. that crack cocaine is more harmful to society than powder cocaine
c. that few people are arrested for using powder cocaine
d. that the effects of powder cocaine are not as strong as crack cocaine
e. that federal sentencing guidelines are very sophisticated and accurate in their
application of each offense
How many different types of basic electronic monitoring devices are currently
available?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
e. 10
This type of crime involves the use of computers and the Internet to commit acts against
people, property, public order, or morality.
a. victimless crime
b. network crime crime
c. cyber crime
d. juvenile crime
e. computer crime
The definitions of crimes and people eligible for punishment are spelled out in:
a. procedural criminal law
b. substantive criminal law
c. constitutional criminal law
d. fundamental criminal law
e. administrative criminal law
Which type of criminology studied the body, mind, and environment of the offender
using
the scientific method?
a. classical
b. neoclassical
c. positivist
d. victimology
e. criminogenic
Trial judges and other officials are determined to have acted properly in about ______
of cases that are appealed.
a. Less than ten percent
b. Ten percent
c. Twenty percent
d. Eighty percent
e. Ninety-nine percent
According to this protection, an individual can only be subjected to one prosecution or
punishment for a single offense in the same jurisdiction.
a. double jeopardy
b. self-incrimination
c. fundamental fairness
d. incorporation
e. jurisprudence
River Justice just graduated from a small private university. He has a double major in
both criminal justice and sociology. He has wanted to be a police officer since he was
five years old, but cannot even seem to get an interview in today’s tough economy.
River has decided to pursue security work until his dream job comes through.
Two years after River starts his private security position, he is offered a job with a local
law enforcement department. River eventually turned down the job most likely due do:
a. Stock options
b. Pay
c. Increased promotion
d. Insurance
e. None of these
What proportion of criminal justice employees in the United States work at the federal
level?
a. Less than one percent
b. Ten percent
c. One third
d. Two thirds
e. Over ninety percent
Which court case created the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule?
a. Mapp v Ohio (1961)
b. Miranda v Arizona (1966)
c. Nix v Williams (1984)
d. Weeks v US (1914)
e. Roper v Simmons (2005)
You are a correctional administrator in charge of staffing a new prison that will open
within the next year. This prison is located in a rural Midwestern town. This will be a
male facility with a medium security classification.
Based upon the location of this prison, a first year correctional officer, would most
likely make how much a year:
a. $65,000
b. $60,000
c. $50,000
d. $40,000
e. $30,000
A type of sentence that requires the offender to remain inside an approved, a designated
location during specified periods:
a. home confinement
b. fines
c. community service
d. day reporting
e. intensive supervision probation
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the service style of policing?
a. different treatment for different individuals
b. strict enforcement of laws
c. discreet and informal procedures
d. issuing of warnings
e. common in middle-class suburban communities
Your text discusses the homicide case of Christa Washington, a writer in Truro
Massachusetts. After her murder, police in Truro requested DNA samples from
everyone living in the area. This technique was criticized publicly by experts in the
field, who claimed that the collection of this many samples was inefficient and would
not increase the likelihood of finding the killer. Using your knowledge of the United
States Constitution, does this practice violate the presumption of innocence?
Answer:Responses will vary
The concept that much more crime occurs than is reported to police is known as which
of the following?
a. invisible crime
b. the dark figure of crime
c. lost crime
d. mala in se
e. mala prohibita
____________________ is the goal of punishment that is designed to keep offenders in
prison so they do not cause harm to the public.
A document stating that the grand jury has charged an individual with a specific crime
is known as a(n) ____________________.
The probationer’s failure to abide by rules and conditions of probation are referred to as
__________ _________.
Officers depend on information provided during their initial training at the ______
______ and state attorneys who monitor court decisions.
Border patrol agents have broader powers to search than other law enforcement agents.
Defendants who are awaiting trial always have the option of a bench trial. Why do most
people who do not plea bargain, request a jury trial? A bench trial? What type of
defendant would select either type of trial?
Answer:Responses will vary
The presence of empty state-of-the-art prison facilities can encourage a criminal court
judge to _________a defendant who may otherwise get probation.
A determinate sentence means that the defendant determines his own punishment with
the assistance of a counselor.
The UCR and NCVS do not provide a clear picture of the amount of crime because of
the differences in the way that each measures crime.
Most states currently employ electrocution as the preferred method of execution.
The federal government passed the ______________________Act in October 2004,
which expanded the number of offenders in the federal justice system who must submit
DNA samples.
Gangs based upon race and ethnicity have become a serious problem in the prison
system.
_________ includes all programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for
the management of people who have been convicted in a court of law.
The most frequent type of data analyzed by forensic crime laboratories is DNA
evidence.