Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) found that if a parole officer alleges a technical violation, a
two-step revocation is:
a. not necessary
b. helpful, but not required
c. required
d. time consuming
e. up to the officer’s discretion
When inmates are released from correctional institutions during the day so that they can
work or attend school, it is known as:
a. day leave
b. discretionary release
c. development release
d. furlough
e. work and educational release
Which of the following administer prisons, jails, and other corrections facilities and
programs?
a. the federal government
b. state governments
c. city governments
d. county governments
e. all of these
Correctional officers are usually unprepared to deal with this type of offender whose
population has increased since the 1960’s.
a. HIV infected
b. geriatric
c. long term
d. mentally ill
e. juvenile
Permissible warrantless search of a vehicle that has been impounded so that police can
make a record of the items contained in the vehicle is known as a (n):
a. plain view search
b. probable cause search
c. inventory search
d. seizure
e. search incident to arrest
Rehabilitation was the primary goal in the traditional prison of the big house era.
Officer Jeff McNair arrives to the scene of a robbery in progress. Upon arrival, he is
met with the victim who states that the intruder is entered into his home armed wearing
a ski mask and demanding money. The victim stated that the intruder had fled on foot
through the back door prior to the officer’s arrival.
Officer McNair is forced to make several decisions regarding this case. Should he take
a report, should he actively look for the intruder, or should he interview witnesses?
Determining what is the best solution to the problem is an important component to an
officer’s job. This is often referred to as:
a. Adjudication
b. Information
c. Booking
d. Discretion
e. None of these
The concept of anomie refers to:
a. The process by which offenders are labeled as criminal
b. A breakdown in the rules or norms of a society
c. The biological factors that increase the likelihood of crime
d. Political influences on crime policy
e. The conflict between economic classes
Police forces throughout the United States are characterized by:
a. fragmentation and a national orientation
b. consolidation and a national orientation
c. fragmentation and a local orientation
d. consolidation and a local orientation
e. none of these
A primary feature of the “the mix” is anything for which one can lose:
a. earned time
b. good time
c. family time
d. probation time
e. parole time
Which of the following statements about the insanity defense is TRUE?
a. A large number of criminals escape punishment using the insanity defense.
b. Every state in the U.S. has an option for defendants to claim insanity.
c. The insanity defense is rarely used by defendants.
d. The American criminal system has banned the use of the insanity defense.
e. Defendants who claim insanity must be incarcerated in prisons rather than mental
hospitals.
Which type of release involves the decisions of a parole board?
a. mandatory release
b. discretionary release
c. unconditional release
d. community release
e. correctional release
Which is not a reason imprisoned mothers have a difficult time maintaining contact
with their children?
a. distance
b. infrequent phone calls
c. irregular visits
d. parental apathy
e. adult visitation only
The pretrial process of the lower criminal courts creates an atmosphere which is often
referred to as:
a. mainstream
b. assembly line
c. direct line
d. motion
Debbie Lawson is a veteran parole officer. She has seen a dramatic change in the way
her position and office has changed over the course of 25 years. As she is nearing
retirement, she would like to become a consultant nationwide on how to improve
prisoner reentry.
Ms. Lawson would like to start a program specifically for the African American
population. This is a necessity because:
a. they are overrepresented in prison
b. they have a high unemployment rate once they have a record
c. they have a high unemployment rate in the general community
d. they have a high recidivism rate
e. all of these
The principle goal of community corrections is to:
a. punish the offender as severely as possible
b. teach the offender to resist temptation by increasing the offender’s contact with the
criminal world
c. punish the offender with the least restrictive alternative
d. humanize the offender in the eyes of the community
e. attend to the needs of the community rather than those of the offender
Which of the following problems confronts the modern prison system in America?
a. Overcrowding
b. legal issues
c. racial conflicts
d. limited resources
e. all of these
Susan Frye has been recently hired by the Bellview Police Department as a patrol
officer. She has completed an associate degree and basic law enforcement training. She
would like to continue her education by acquiring a bachelor’s degree in order to be
qualified should promotional opportunities become available. Susan aspires to one day
be the chief of police for Bellview.
On Susan’s first day, her training officer explains to her that she will learn to develop
responses to work situations and environmental influences. This is known as:
a. Subculture
b. Socialization
c. Working personality
d. Process
e. Values
Doug Kants has been adjudicated guilty on four counts of vandalism. During his late
day crime spree, he spray painted and toilet paper rolled four of his teacher’s homes.
This is the first time he has been in trouble, and is set to attend a state supported college
in the fall.
Based upon Kants’ history, the best outcome for the justice system would be:
a. incapacitation
b. restorative justice
c. rehabilitation
d. death penalty
e. shock probation
Community corrections suffers from the public image of being:
a. hard on crime
b. soft on crime
c. increasing crime
d. decreasing crime
e. none of these
In all states, the administration of prisons is:
a. the responsibility of the executive branch
b. the responsibility of the legislative branch
c. the responsibility of the judicial branch
d. the joint responsibility of the executive and legislative branches
e. the joint responsibility of the judicial and legislative branches
Successful prison reentry requires that parole and post-release services focus on linking
offenders with community institutions including which of the following:
a. churches
b. families
c. self-help groups
d. nonprofit programs
e. all of these
Governmental employees who are responsible for federal court security and
apprehending fugitives. Originally, enforced laws in western territories.
a. sheriff
b. FBI agent
c. municipal officers
d. US marshal
e. secret service
Which of the following ideas best exemplifies the concept of “contract” in terms of
parole?
a. The government could keep the inmate incarcerated, but instead extends the privilege
of release.
b. Even though the offender is released from prison, he or she is still in the custody of
the state.
c. The parolee agrees to abide by certain conditions in exchange for release.
d. The offender is still the responsibility of the government even though he or she is
released.
e. The parole officer agrees to care for the parolee in exchange for a salary.
Which model of criminal justice is more like an “obstacle course” than an
assembly-line?
a. The crime control model
b. The diversion model
c. The due process model
d. The institutional model
e. The misdemeanor model
As a form of corrections, probation falls under the administration of the:
a. Judicial branch
b. Bureaucratic branch
c. Executive branch
d. Legislative branch
e. Administrative branch
Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the costs of crime?
a. Crime generates economic costs, such as medical expenses
b. Crime has been shown to balance with economic advantages, such as the creation of
criminal justice system jobs
c. Crime may contribute to lower economic productivity
d. Crime may have emotional costs, such as a diminished quality of life
e. Crime often generates psychological costs
Which court case determined that when officers act in good faith on a warrant, the
evidence will not be excluded even if the warrant was issued improperly?
a. Mapp v Ohio (1961)
b. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
c. Nix v Williams (1984)
d. United States v Leon (1984)
e. Roper v Simmons (2005)
The 2009 Pew Center report recommends which of the following to save money and
reduce crime within community corrections?
a. Sort offenders by risk to public safety to determine appropriate levels of supervision
b. Base intervention programs on sound research about what works to reduce recidivism
c. Harness advances in supervision technology
d. Impose swift and certain sanctions
e. All of these
Although probationers live at home and have regular jobs, they must also:
a. submit to drug test
b. report to their probation officer
c. obey curfews
d. stay away from certain parts of town
e. all of these
This case ruled that defendants must uphold their plea agreement or suffer the
consequences.
a. Boykin v. Alabama (1969)
b. Missouri v Frye (2012)
c. NC v. Alford (1970)
d. Ricketts v. Adamson (1987)
e. Bordenkircher v. Hayes (1978)
Police responding to 911 calls are acting in a ____________________ manner.
What are the types of stress that law enforcement officers can be subjected to? Give an
example of each type of stress and how it can be combatted.
Answer:Responses will vary
Most police patrolling is still conducted in cars.
The process known as ____________________ occurs when administrators select only
the offenders with the lowest risk of recidivism for their programs.
When the harm the law seeks to prevent has not been done, but planned or attempted,
this is called an ____________________offense.
Should the acts of terrorism committed in Oklahoma City and on 9/11 be considered
“crime” or “terrorism”? Why does it matter how we define these acts (or does it)?
Answer:Responses will vary
Most police agencies follow a military model of organization, with structure of ranks
and responsibilities that mark a ____ _________.
The U.S. Supreme Court has held that it is constitutional for states to execute persons
under the age of eighteen.
The process of ____________________ occurs when the use of intermediate sanctions
results in more people coming under the control of the criminal justice system than
would have otherwise.
Trace the history of the penal systems in the United States. What are the biggest
changes that have occurred since America’s infancy? What changes will occur in the
future?
Answer:Responses will vary
Police have been collecting fingerprint information from offenders for nearly 100 years.
Federal funding for inmates to obtain higher education have been cut drastically in the
past few years. Critics of these programs claim that they take money away from
non-criminal students who need funding. However, educational programs may help
inmates from committing more crimes and victimizing others after release. How might
this problem be resolved?
Answer:Responses will vary
Detectives were the first official law enforcement positions created in the expanding
western rural areas.
Ignorance of the law can be used as a defense in a criminal trial.
The fact that the U.S. has a separate judicial structure for each state in addition to a
national structure means that it has a ____________________ court system.