Which of the following is true concerning female victims of rape?
a. About three-quarters of sexual assaults against women are perpetrated by an
acquaintance of the victim
b. Most women do not take protective measures to avoid being attacked by strangers
c. Many women place themselves at risk of assault due to behavioral patterns
d. Most rapes occur in outside areas away from the victim’s home
e. Pepper spray and other weapons are excellent deterrents against sexual assaults
CALEA is a nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives’
associations to:
a. develop standards for police policies and practices
b. review police agencies
c. award accreditation
d. determine if standards are met
e. all of these
In the two-stage process of determining a day fine, a judge will typically consider:
a. the type of offense and income of the offender
b. the age and the income of offender
c. the gender of the offender and the type of offense
d. the age and gender of the offender
e. the education and the income of the offender
When must Miranda warnings be given to suspects?
a. before arrest
b. immediately after arrest
c. before being interrogated
d. before fingerprinting
e. before being read the charges against them
This type of evidence requires the jury to infer a fact from the given witness testimony.
a. real evidence
b. testimony
c. direct evidence
d. circumstantial evidence
e. demonstrative evidence
Which of the following is an example of a proactive strategy to combat crime?
a. responding to citizen calls for service
b. responding to victimless crimes using a stakeout
c. responding to citizens who approach an officer
d. responding to a crime after the perpetrator has fled
e. incident-driven policing
Correctional officer’s roles have changed dramatically. They are expected to counsel,
supervise, protect, and
a. process the inmates
b. educate the inmates
c. organize the inmates
d. develop the inmates
e. legalize the inmates
A brief interference with a person’s freedom of movement with a duration that can be
measured in minutes is called a(n):
a. search
b. stop
c. arrest
d. interrogation
e. affidavit
The criterion for deciding whether evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest is
known as:
a. probable cause
b. arraignment
c. preponderance of the evidence
d. reasonable doubt
e. reasonable suspicion
Jay Boyce is a prosecuting attorney in a small rural area. The town has recently been
the victim of a mass shooting that has received national media attention. Prior to this
case, Jay had only prosecuted one murder.
Mr. Boyce is currently gathering psychological testing for the defense. This this process
is known as:
a. nolle prosequi
b. motion to introduce
c. motion to suppress
d. discovery
This correctional “era” was characterized by separate confinement, isolation, and
inmate labor:
a. Colonial
b. Penitentiary
c. Reformatory
d. Progressive
e. Medical
According to the theory of broken windows police should focus more on:
a. fighting crime by concentrating resources on the most important offenders
b. maintaining order by being attentive to “little problems”
c. ending corruption within the police force
d. being more involved with local political leaders
e. using the newest technologies to catch criminals
Which of James Q. Wilson’s styles of policing is marked by professionalism and
emphasis on law enforcement?
a. watchman
b. service
c. progressive
d. authoritarian
e. legalistic
Which of the following statements regarding privately run prisons is true?
a. Private prisons are regarded as less costly.
b. Private prisons are regarded as more flexible.
c. The profit incentive does not interfere with the quality of service.
d. Private prisons must comply with the standards of federal agencies.
e. All of the statements given are true.
A type of probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer
with a limited caseload:
a. intensive supervision probation
b. halfway house
c. home confinement
d. community service
e. day reporting center
Which of the following would not be a top priority if the FBI’s enforcement efforts?
a. Cyber attacks
b. Espionage
c. Terrorism
d. Local homicide rates
e. National security
What percentage of departments have patrol cars that have in-vehicle computers?
a. 50
b. 60
c. 70
d. 80
e. 90
Which model permits close control of off-duty work, because firms must apply to the
department to have officers assigned to them.
a. department contract model
b. officer contract model
c. union brokerage model
d. department contract model
e. public-private interface model
This type of election occurs when a judicial candidate is openly endorsed by a political
party.
a. partisan election
b. nonpartisan election
c. appointment
d. selection committee
A selection of citizens sworn to determine matters of fact in a criminal case and to
deliver a verdict of guilty or not guilty are known as the:
a. public
b. stenographer
c. jury
d. grand jury
e. victims advocate
Travis McBride has just been notified that the decision was made to place him on
parole. Travis has been in prison for 15 years for an armed robbery and attempted
murder. While in prison, Travis was able to receive his GED, which he hopes will assist
him in gainful employment. Travis had a two year old son when he left home for prison.
Travis is surprised that he was able “to make” parole. This was his fifth attempt at
parole in five years. Who determined if Travis should be out on parole?
a. judge
b. parole officer
c. probation officer
d. parole board
e. office of the governor
With the information provided, scholars may also determine that this theory explains
Ethan’s behavior:
a. control
b. social process
c. biological
d. feminist
e. critical
Crimes that are committed and that are usually considered serious and are punished by
more than a year in state or federal prison.
a. felonies
b. misdemeanors
c. civil infractions
d. criminal elements
e. infractions
Individuals who are too poor and do not have enough resources to pay for attorneys are
considered:
a. poverty bound
b. indigent
c. inadequate
d. emanciated
When does plea bargaining take place in the decision-making process?
a. At the time of arrest
b. Before a warrant is issued
c. At the initial appearance
d. Before sentence is imposed
e. At any time in the criminal justice process
In this system, inmates’ labor was sold on a contractual system to private employers
who provided the machinery and raw materials with which inmates made salable
products in the institutions.
a. the reformatory movement
b. the congregate movement
c. the rehabilitation movement
d. contract labor system
e. the communal movement
What distinguishes the defense of self-defense from the defense of necessity?
a. Necessity occurs when an individual must harm an aggressor to ward off an attack.
For self-defense, this is not the case.
b. Necessity occurs when an offender has an incompetent attorney. For self-defense,
this is not the case.
c. Necessity occurs when an offender is tricked into committing a crime. For
self-defense, this is not the case.
d. Necessity occurs when an offender must break the law in order to save themselves or
prevent some greater harm. For self-defense, this is not the case.
e. Necessity and self-defense are the same thing.
Which of the following statements about a combined probation revocation and
sentencing hearing is true?
a. The probationer is not permitted to attend.
b. The probationer is being tried on new criminal charges.
c. The probationer is subject to a “three strikes” life sentence.
d. The probationer is entitled to be represented by counsel
e. All of the statements given are true.
River Justice just graduated from a small private university. He has a double major in
both criminal justice and sociology. He has wanted to be a police officer since he was
five years old, but cannot even seem to get an interview in today’s tough economy.
River has decided to pursue security work until his dream job comes through.
River applied to a higher level security management position. He was offered the
position with the stipulation that he would pursue his master’s degree, which the
company would pay for, in this particular subject matter.
a. Computer science
b. Engineering
c. Education
d. Liberal arts
e. Nursing
Officer Sally King has been on the force for four years. She truly loves her job, but
finds it sometimes difficult to live on a police officer’s salary. She has noticed many of
her coworkers seem to live at a much higher standard of living than she does. She is
amazed at the large homes and vehicles that a select few officers have acquired.
Officer King continued her discussion with the fellow officer. She informed the officer
that she would be so afraid of getting caught that she could not participate in such
behavior. The officer informed her that she would be shocked at the corrupt activity
within the department including officers having connections with mobsters. This would
be an example of:
a. Grass eating
b. Meat eating
c. Internal affairs
d. Disparity
e. Brutality
Anna Bert is a college graduate who has worked for a well-known bank as a VP for ten
years. Anna grew up in a middle class family with her mother, father, and brother. She
is married and has a five month old little girl. On a Saturday night, Ms. Bert suffocates
her daughter with a pillow. When law enforcement arrives, she states that the baby
would just not be quiet and she could not take it anymore.
Once Ms. Bert delivered her daughter, she decided to take a one year leave of absence
from her job. She also stopped going to her church. Because of her lack of recent
socialization, what other theory could explain Ms. Bert’s behavior?
a. labeling
b. feminist
c. control
d. psychological
d. social contract
Boot camps are also referred to as ____________________.
A ______ _______ search occurs when an individual gives law enforcement permission
to search a person, vehicle, home, or other location.
Corrections’ officers unions have widely supported private prisons.
President Reagan’s crusade against illegal substances was known as the
____________________.
________________________ theories postulate that members of the lower class,
especially the younger members, are the most likely to engage in crime.
Native American tribes are separate, sovereign nations with a significant degree of legal
autonomy within the United States.
The CSI effect occurs when jurors are much more likely to convict because of the
scientific evidence presented.
In a ____________ society, relations between the police and minorities are complicated
by stereotypes, cultural variations, and language differences.
The criterion for deciding if evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest is called
probable cause.
___________ are actions that violate laws defining which socially harmful behaviors
will be subject to the government’s power to impose punishments.
Sentencing guidelines provide additional discretion to judges during the sentencing
process.
One of the most striking contemporary developments affecting the death penalty is the
decline in both the offenders’ sentences to death each year and the number of executions
carried out.
Prosecutors have great influence at virtually every stage of the criminal justice process.
The United States Supreme Court has ruled that home confinement violates the right to
privacy.
Women have historically taken a backseat to men in terms of programs and
rehabilitative opportunities. How can this bridge be gapped? Should administrators of
female institutions be female? Why or why not? Can male administrators do an
adequate job? Why or why not?
Answer:Responses will vary
More money is spent every year on technologically-based training and education for
prisoners than on security.
According to the Supreme Court, some statutes outlawing online pornography actually
violate the right to free speech.
The first ten amendments added to the Constitution in 1791 are called the
____________________.
Under the policy of ___________________ detention, suspects can be held without bail
if there is a high risk of flight or serious crime by the suspect.