Lynn is a college student who became frustrated with the small amount of money she
was making as an associate in a retail store. A friend suggested that she consider
working in the “escort” business. Lynn later became a prostitute who catered to high
end clients. She is able to pay tuition and buy many of the items that she wants. Lynn
was recently arrested during a sting operation targeting interstate organized crime
syndicates, of which Lynn had become involved.
Lynn considers her activities as victimless; which of the following is the most common
justification given for the prosecution of such “victimless” crimes?
a. society as a whole is harmed because its moral fabric is threatened
b. most victimless crimes eventually lead to violence
c. most victimless crimes are drug related
d. investigation of victimless crimes usually leads to discovery of serious crimes
e. victimless crimes are normally connected to organized crime groups
Offenses that are considered wrong by their very nature are traditionally referred to as:
a. Felonies
b. mala in se
c. mala prohibita
d. heinous
e. natural crimes
During deliberations, the jury could not come to a verdict. One of the jurors stated over
and over again that when she watched Law and Order there was more evidence and she
could not convict based on what was presented. This is known as the:
a. CSI effect
b. BFI effect
c. DCI effect
d. IDC effect
e. FFE effect
Law enforcement certification includes coursework on all of the following except:
a. Law
b. Use of weapons
c. Politics
d. Police procedures
e. psychology
Lack of intent can be demonstrated by proving the occurrence of which of the
following?
a. actus reus
b. mens rea
c. entrapment
d. Insanity
e. Duress
The rules that must be followed by parolees are called:
a. amenities
b. parole etiquette
c. constitutional restrictions
d. conditions of release
e. clemency
In which of the following situations must Miranda warnings be given?
a. custodial interrogations
b. stop-and-frisk
c. traffic stops
d. seizure of property
e. Police must provide Miranda warnings in all of these situations.
The model of corrections that emphasizes treatment programs to help prisoners address
the personal programs and issues that led them to commit crimes.
a. custodial model
b. rehabilitation model
c. reintegration model
d. family model
e. community model
Researchers who focus on the genetic predispositions to criminal behavior are working
under these theoretical perspectives of behavior:
a. Classical theories
b. Psychological theories
c. Sociological theories
d. Life course theories
e. Biological theories
The State of Michigan v. Christopher Jones provides an instance of:
a. the importance of selecting open-minded jurors
b. the difficulties of proving guilt in a rape case
c. a prosecutor’s use of multiple charges to pressure defendants to plead guilty
d. the unreliable nature of eyewitness testimony
e. a suspect’s waiving of Miranda rights
Prisoners who receive expiration release:
a. die in prison
b. have their decisions made by a parole board
c. are transferred to a halfway house or other community-based facility
d. have “maxed out” on their time
e. report directly to their parole officers upon release
This is the standard used by a jury to decide if the prosecution has provided enough
evidence for a conviction.
a. hunch
b. preponderance
c. probable cause
d. reasonable doubt
e. certainty
Ray Zeek has been incarcerated for 15 years for first degree rape. He has been working
with the Innocence Project in order to prove that he is innocent. He feels sure that there
is evidence which would implicate another man in this crime. He feels that he has a
great chance of being exonerated in the next year.
Zeek’s attorney has been successful in obtaining DNA testing on semen found at the
scene of the crime. What problem will Zeek now endure?
a. time
b. few labs
c. ethical considerations
d. declining strength of evidence
e. all of these
David Thompson has just been arrested and charged with arson. This is his third charge
within the last four years. He has just recently completed probation from his last charge.
David is concerned that he may not have enough cash to make bail
David has been arrested and booked. At what stage of the process will he plead guilty or
not guilty?
a. arraignment
b. pretrial release
c. trial
d. fact finding
e. sentencing
This type of judge is nominated by the president and confirmed by the senate:
a. trial court judge
b. magistrate
c. federal judge
d. federal clerk
The two dimensions along which legislatures construct sentencing guidelines are:
a. seriousness of the offense and gender
b. recidivism and gender
c. seriousness of the offense and recidivism
d. gender and family responsibilities
e. seriousness of the offense and standing in the community
How does the incarceration rate for African-American males compare to that of the
white majority?
a. Compared to the overall population in the United States, African-Americans make up
a much smaller ratio of the prison population
b. African-American males are sent to prison and jail at a rate six times greater than that
of whites
c. There is no discernible difference in incarceration rates based on race
d. African-Americans are incarcerated at a rate much higher than whites but much
lower than Hispanics
e. Based on race, white and Hispanic males are more likely to be incarcerated than are
African-American males
Luckily, Travis has found a temporary place to reside at night, which will also assist in
his rehabilitation process. Most likely this place is a:
a. work release
b. halfway house
c. educational release
d. furlough
e. none of these
At the conclusion of Mr. Massey’s trial, he is found guilty and sentenced to life in
prison without parole. This would be an example of:
a. fair punishment
b. cruel and unusual punishment
c. adequate punishment
d. presumptive punishment
Which of the following prison staff are the most numerous?
a. wardens
b. Corrections officers
c. Investigators
d. Counselors
e. educators
Gia Long is a correctional officer in a state correctional facility. She splits her time
between a female facility and a male facility. Since she started her position, she has
devise several ideas she would like to implement.
Gia has recently interviewed for a new prison that promises to have better programs and
less government control. Most likely she interviewed at this type of prison:
a. state
b. federal
c. maxi maxi
d. private
e. jail
Gia Long is a correctional officer in a state correctional facility. She splits her time
between a female facility and a male facility. Since she started her position, she has
devise several ideas she would like to implement.
Gia would like to implement a program in the women’s facility to combat recidivism.
She finds that most of the women are incarcerated due to:
a. drugs
b. larceny
c. rape
d. robbery
e. murder
The Fourteenth Amendment equal protection clause has been a source of protection
against discrimination applied to prisoners because of their:
a. race.
b. gender.
c. religion.
d. all of these
e. none of these
The 2011 trial of Dr. Conrad Murray, the physician who prescribed medications that
caused the death of singer Michael Jackson would be found in which layer of the
criminal justice wedding cake?
a. Layer 1: the top layer
b. Layer 2
c. Layer 3
d. Layer 4
e. Layer 5: the bottom layer
Sue Jackson was recently pulled over by a local law enforcement agency. She was not
sure why she was being pulled over. When the officer approached the car, he informed
Sue that he was going to search the car. The officer did not find anything until he
opened a backpack that was her brothers. When the officers opened the backpack, he
found two rocks of crack cocaine. Sue was immediately arrested and is currently
awaiting a court date.
How could the officer in this scenario legally pull Sue’s car over?
a. A traffic violation occurred
b. There was reasonable suspicion that Sue could have been involved in another crime.
c. Sue was driving a red car
d. Both a and b
e. None of these
Bob Campbell has been charged with a series of bank robberies over the last year. He
has been unemployed and feels as though he had no other recourse than to resort to
theft. Mr. Campbell does not have a prior record.
Depending on the jurisdiction of Mr. Campbell’s case, what would the prosecuting
attorney be called?
a. United States Attorney
b. State Attorney General
c. District Attorney
d. Public Defender
Which person (or group) typically determines the discretionary release of state
prisoners?
a. state prison release commissioner
b. parole board
c. state supreme court
d. prison warden
e. state trial judge
The period of history in which philosophers and reformers began to challenge the
prison tradition with new ideas about the individual, limits of government, and
rationalism was known as the:
a. Enlightenment
b. Renaissance
c. Civil War
d. Reconstruction
e. Progressive
Refocusing attention on crime control and away from maintain order did more than
anything else to change the nature of American policing during Professional Model Era.
What are the two roles played by parole officers?
a. cop and minister
b. warden and cop
c. cop and social worker
d. landlord and friend
e. friend and minister
When Mrs. Allen assumes her position on the bench, she is shocked at the amount of
time she spends scheduling her staff. She spends more time doing this than trying cases.
Her biggest functions is that of an:
a. adjudicator
b. negotiator
c. administrator
d. judicial executive
A model of corrections based upon the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by
biological or psychological conditions that require treatment.
a. congregate model
b. medical model
c. rehabilitation model
d. community corrections model
e. crime control model
Which of the following is not considered one of the desired goods and services of
prison life?
a. food
b. freedom
c. sex
d. drugs
e. preferred living conditions
The federal sentencing guidelines were adjusted in 2007 and 2008 due to the racial
disparity of sentencing of this particular drug:
a. methamphetamine
b. crack
c. cocaine
d. marijuana
e. heroin
The clause protecting against unreasonable search and seizure is found in the Fifth
Amendment.
A day reporting sentence requires the offender to spend one night a week at the given
facility.
The subsystems of the criminal justice system act independently of each other.
After September 11th, 2001, the FBI shifted the focus of its personnel assignments from
crime-control activities to intelligence-gathering.
Intermediate sanctions suffer from a public perception that they are
____________________ on crime.
The increased use of tasers has recently received negative reviews based upon those
individuals who have lost their lives at the hands of the tasers themselves. If you are a
police chief, do you implement the use of tasers or take your chances with just lethal
force? Why?
Answer:Responses will vary
Prisoners in the _______ _______ serve longer sentences than do prisoners in other
Western nations.
The ____________________ model of incarceration emphasizes security, order and
discipline.
Should we utilize halfway houses for those who are given parole? Would it assist in
reentry into the community? Where should halfway houses be located? What
qualifications should employees have in order to work as a halfway house?
Answer:Responses will vary
Judges are part of the local legal culture.
If a person is growing marijuana in plain sight of a passing car, a police officer does not
need a warrant to search and seize the evidence.
Police departments use several methods to measure police productivity. In light of the
shift to community policing (and away from punitive crime control), can measures such
as arrests and traffic stops still be used as measures of police productivity? Support your
answer, and suggest alternative measures if appropriate.
Answer:Responses will vary
The community policing philosophy does not include community residents in
decision-making.
In your opinion, does the death penalty violate the Eighth Amendment right against
cruel and unusual punishment? Discuss the varying perspectives of the Supreme Court
on this issue.
Answer:Responses will vary
Under the ____________________ system, inmates’ labor was sold to private
employers.
The development of _____ ______weapons has undoubtedly saved officers from firing
bullets in situations where they previously would have.
A backscatter x-ray machine makes passengers appear ______________ when going
through security at airports.
Police officers must provide Miranda warnings if they approach someone on the street
and begin questioning them.
Plea bargaining was ruled unconstitutional by the U. S. Supreme Court but it is still
practiced informally.