A model of corrections based upon the assumption that criminal behavior can be
controlled by more use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision.
a. congregate model
b. medical model
c. rehabilitation model
d. community corrections model
e. crime control model
According to Cole and Smith, the goal of criminal justice that concerns fairness and
equity is referred to as:
a. arbitration
b. civility
c. doing justice
d. controlling crime
e. preventing crime
Fines are enforced and normally the sole sanction for a wide range of crimes in what
continent?
a. Europe
b. North America
c. Africa
d. South America
e. Asia
Which doctrine permits officers to notice and use as evidence items that are visible to
them when they are in a location that they are permitted to be?
a. plain view doctrine
b. public safety doctrine
c. exigent circumstances doctrine
d. stop and frisk doctrine
e. Miranda doctrine
Prisons can be governed, violence minimized, and services provided to the inmates if
correctional executives and wardens exhibit:
a. Experience
b. time management
c. concern
d. leadership
e. mid managers
Which of the following statements about prison managers is true?
a. Prison managers have complete control over when their clients will be released.
b. Prison managers rely on clients to do much of the institutional maintenance work.
c. Prison managers select their clients.
d. Prison managers can control their clients’ behavior.
e. Prison managers have little training.
Minor offenses that are typically punishable by small fines and that produce no criminal
record for the offender.
a. felonies
b. misdemeanors
c. civil infractions
d. criminal elements
e. civil elements
Which of the following may be included in a judge’s instructions to a jury?
a. opinion on the defendant’s guilt or innocence
b. opinion on which attorney presented the stronger case
c. guidelines for determining insanity based on prior court rulings
d. the consequences to the defendant if convicted
e. none of these
Which of the following is an example of ‘soft” technology for crime prevention and
control?
a. Gunshot location devices
b. Metal detectors
c. GPS systems for monitoring offenders
d. Amber alerts
e. New weapons for police officers
The US Supreme Court established that racial discrimination will not be the official
policy within prison walls. Segregation can only be justified in rare instances.
a. Wolff v. McDonnell (1974)
b. Cooper v. Pate (1964)
c. Hudson v. Palmer (1984)
d. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
e. Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973)
Sometimes the people who run intermediate sanctions only want to select offenders
with the best chance of success. Why would they want to this?
a. to ensure future funding
b. to have high rates of recidivism
c. to make sure the most serious offenders are included in their program
d. to avoid problems related to selection bias
e. to avoid problems related to “creaming”
The three levels of state courts are:
a. appellate, district, and limited jurisdictional
b. appellate, general jurisdiction, and limited jurisdiction
c. limited jurisdiction, commercial, and appellate
d. general jurisdiction, limited jurisdiction, and district
e. commercial, district, and appellate
Which of the following is NOT one of the social process theories?
a. Learning theories
b. Theory of differential association
c. Critical criminology
d. Control theories
e. Labeling theories
Which of the following statements concerning the role of a prosecutor is FALSE?
a. A prosecutor has considerable discretion in the criminal justice system.
b. A prosecutor is influenced by other actors in the criminal justice system.
c. A prosecutor has independent authority to decide how to handle each case.
d. A prosecutor has limited influence in the early stages of the criminal justice process.
e. A prosecutor may be heavily involved in local politics.
Which of the following is not a factor in how the judge determines the amount of the
bail?
a. seriousness of the crime
b. defendant’s prior record
c. defendant’s family responsibilities
d. admissibility of evidence gathered by the police
e. negative personal characteristics
GIS technology is used to:
a. map crime to identify “hot spots”
b. test whether suspects are telling the truth
c. reduce the likelihood of injury from weapons
d. limit the number of lawsuits brought against the police
e. sort and prioritize incoming 911 calls
The earliest form of parole employed:
a. day passes
b. pardons of leave
c. tickets of leave
d. responsibility vouchers
e. supervised probation
You are on a committee that is to present a revised policy plan to the Governor’s
Commission of Correctional Policy. There has been public outrage after a recent
parolee raped and murdered two 14 year old girls. There have been public
demonstrations to demand a get tough on crime stance.
One of the biggest obstacles that you will have is urging the committee to realize that
alternative sentences are not just:
a. slaps on the wrist
b. time consuming
c. required
d. demanded
e. difficult
Employees who have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests
and use necessary force in the commission of their duties.
a. security officers
b. communication officers
c. sworn officers
d. directed officers
e. armed security
Crimes that are usually punished by a sentence of less than a year in jail, probation, and
or fines.
a. felonies
b. misdemeanors
c. civil infractions
d. criminal elements
e. maxi-maxi felonies
Which historical era of policing involved close ties between police and local leaders of
government?
a. the political era
b. the professional era
c. the community policing era
d. the reform era
e. the federalist era
The number of employees that work in state and local criminal justice agencies is
a. under 50,000
b. approximately 100,000
c. approximately 500,000
d. over one million
e. too numerous to determine
Punishments that fall somewhere between probation and prison are known as:
a. In-the-middle sanctions
b. Indeterminate sanctions
c. Intermediate sanctions
d. Incapacitation sentences
e. Retributive sentences
A sentence for which the legislature or a commission sets a minimum and maximum
range of months or years. Judges are to fix the length of the sentence within that range,
allowing for special circumstances.
a. indeterminate sentencing
b. presumptive sentencing
c. determinate sentencing
d. mandatory sentencing
e. preventative sentencing
The process of screening out jurors that might be biased (or otherwise incapable of
being fair) is known as:
a. voir dire
b. habeus corpus
c. actus reus
d. ex post facto
e. nolle prosequi
The database containing DNA samples used by law enforcement is:
a. CODIS
b. GIS
c. IAFIS
d. NIJ
e. NCVS
Which layer of the criminal justice wedding cake consists of serious felonies?
a. Layer 1: the top layer
b. Layer 2
c. Layer 3
d. Layer 4
e. Any of the layers would include serious felonies
The problems associated with total power, rewards and punishments, exchange
relationships, and inmate leadership:
a. exist in only a few prisons
b. exist only in state prisons
c. exist only in federal prisons
d. make prisons easier to govern than other institutions
e. make prisons more difficult to govern than other institutions
Which of the following is not one of the five factors that officers must take into account
when exercising discretion?
a. The nature of the crime
b. The relationship between the alleged criminal and victim
c. The relationship between the police and the criminal or victim
d. The rank of the responding officer
e. Prior criminal history
A place that offers criminals penitence to punish and reform:
a. Jail
b. Probation
c. Parole
d. Penitentiary
e. shock incarceration
Which of the following is not a name given to a prosecuting attorney?
a. district attorney
b. state’s attorney
c. commonwealth attorney
d. county attorney
e. public defender
Courts use ________________ to assist in processing cases:
a. DNA
b. Less lethal weapons
c. Electronic monitoring
d. Bar code scanning
e. Electronic file management
Crime victimization has negative impacts on American society. What are some of these
negative factors and what are some of their affects on society?
Answer:Responses will vary
What role should a parole officer have in a parolee’s life? Should they take on the
characteristics of a police officer or a social worker? Why does this matter? Would
some parolees be more receptive to one style over the other?
Answer:Responses will vary
Inmates who are ____________________ try to take advantage of prison programs.
Relatively few political crimes take place in western democracies compared with other
countries.
The ____ _____ function of policing applies to situations where the law has been
violated and the offender needs to be apprehended.
Describe the lease system and the reasons that it contributed to large numbers of inmate
deaths. How might this have been avoided? Do you believe that it is ethical for the
government to require prisoners to perform work, given that they are being kept in
prisons at public expense? If so, should only certain kinds of work be assigned to
inmates? Finally, given that state prisons are increasingly being run by private
businesses, would it be ethical for these states to lease the work of their prisoners to
private businesses as well?
Answer:Responses will vary
Prisoners serve shorter sentences in the U.S. in comparison to other Western nations.
Probation can be combined with other sanctions, such as fines, __________, and
community service.
Recent data indicates that women’s involvement in violent crimes is skyrocketing.
Assigned counsel are attorneys employed full-time by the government to provide
defense services to those offenders who cannot afford their own attorneys.
____________________refers to a guilty state of mind.
A very small percentage of inmates are allowed to participate in work or educational
release.
Released inmates can have great difficulty finding jobs after release, and some are not
allowed to vote. These are referred to as ____________________ punishments.
What act protects federal law enforcement agencies to conduct searches in airport such
as mentioned above?
k. Patriot Act
l. Freedom Act
m. Terrorist Act
n. Fundamental Act
o. Protection Act
A _______ ________ ________ uses wireless headphones are available for use by the
hearing impaired, or for language interpretation.
Two men from Middle Eastern decent were stopped by TSA agents. They were patted
down and asked why they were traveling with only one bag for an international flight.
They replied that they were going home for summer break after attending college in the
US and that everything they need was at home. The TSA agents began to panic.
Both men checked through without a detectable problem. TSA agents were still
concerned, but could not do anything else:
a. arrest them
b. develop probable cause
c. hold them under surveillance
d. interrogation them
e. none of these
Criminals who create fake currency and using it to purchase items are engaging in the
crime of _________________.