Lynn is a college student who became frustrated with the small amount of money she
was making as an associate in a retail store. A friend suggested that she consider
working in the “escort” business. Lynn later became a prostitute who catered to high
end clients. She is able to pay tuition and buy many of the items that she wants. Lynn
was recently arrested during a sting operation targeting interstate organized crime
syndicates, of which Lynn had become involved.
Though Lynn considers her activities to be victimless, nonetheless, the criminal laws of
her state consider her activities to be criminal. Advocates of Lynn’s freedom to choose
such a lifestyle would classify her activity as a(an)
a. mala in se crime
b. mala prohibita crime
c. immoral crime
d. public order crime
e. crime of shared culpability
Defendants may deposit up to 10 percent of the full bail with the court. The full amount
will be required if they do not appear. If they appear, the money will be refunded except
1%.
a. preventative detention
b. percentage bail
c. release on recognizance
d. preventive assumption
e. probable cause
Permits police to immediately question a suspect in custody without providing any
warnings, when public safety would be jeopardized by their taking the time to supply
the warnings is known as the:
a. plain view exception
b. public safety exception
c. exigent circumstances exception
d. stop and frisk exception
e. Miranda exception
A key concept in the criminal justice process, involving the mutual transfer of resources
among individual actors, is known as:
a. exchange
b. due process
c. system
d. discretion
e. disparity
Law enforcement agencies include all of the following except:
a. Federal agencies
b. Municipal departments
c. Federal bureau of prisons
d. Sheriff’s departments
e. NCDOC
New technology allows law enforcement to detect this by sensors strategically placed
throughout various neighborhoods:
a. robberies
b. gunshots
c. assaults
d. car accidents
e. terrorist cells
Which of the following is a term used in some states to avoid the rigidity of mandatory
release, by placing convicts in various community settings, under supervision:
a. discretionary release
b. other conditional release
c. mandatory release
d. expiration release
e. all of these
Officers who participate in small payoffs such as exchanging money for not writing a
ticket:
a. grass eaters
b. meat eaters
c. code of conduct
d. hazing
e. payoffs
The police function of controlling crime by intervening in situations when the law has
been violated and the police must apprehend the guilty person.
a. law enforcement
b. courts
c. corrections
d. tribal prisons
e. none of the above
The values and norms shared by members of a particular court community about how
cases should be handled and the way court officials should behave is called the:
a. workgroup culture
b. brethren
c. grouping culture
d. local legal culture
e. docket culture
How might public opinion affect a prosecutor’s decision to try a certain case?
a. Prosecutors conduct surveys of the community to determine which cases are most
important.
b. Most prosecutors are elected, so their decisions should reflect community values.
c. Prosecutors have no discretion to try casesthey must bring every case they receive to
court.
d. Prosecutors keep the community happy by having low conviction rates.
e. Public opinion does not affect prosecutorial decision-making.
Natalie Sims has been charged with possession of marijuana in California. Ms. Sims is
confused by this charge because she suffers from multiple sclerosis and has a
prescription for medical marijuana, which is legal in California. She feels sure this has
all been a mistake and does not see the need to retain an attorney for her upcoming
court date.
Which court system will hear this court case?
a. California District Court
b. Federal Court
c. Magistrate Court
d. California Trial Court
e. United State Supreme Court
Which of the following statements concerning community corrections is true?
a. Community corrections receive considerable public support.
b. Community corrections suffer from the public impression that they are ‘soft on
crime.”
c. Localities have a surplus of resources for community corrections.
d. The use of community corrections is declining.
e. Community corrections always reduces recidivism.
A case originating in a state court is first appealed through:
a. That state’s appeal system
b. The federal circuit courts
c. The United States Supreme Court
d. The city court
e. The evidentiary hearing
What would geriatric inmates receive that would be better in prison than out of prison?
a. food
b. housing
c. medical care
d. clothing
e. friendships
The theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers, and other information in
order to secure items while posing as someone else.
a. cyber crime
b. identify theft
c. forgery
d. obstruction
e. uttering
Ethan has been raised in a poverty stricken neighborhood with a single mother and five
siblings. He has never met his father. He spent time in a juvenile facility for robbery
when he was 13. His mother frequently told him he would never amount to anything
and eventually he believed it. Ethan is currently awaiting trial for murder.
According to scholars, which theory may explain Ethan’s behavior?
a. biological
b. psychological
c. social structure
d. critical
e. feminist
A recent survey revealed that which of the following systems of defense representation
is most common in the 100 most populous counties in the U.S.?
a. public defender
b. assigned counsel
c. contract counsel
d. legal aid attorney
e. appellate defender
This case ruled that random stops by law enforcement are not constitutional.
a. Michigan Department of State Police v Sitz
b. Illinois v Lidster
c. Delaware v Prouse
d. City of Indianapolis v Edmond
e. Mapp v Ohio
Chris Michaels has been charged with rape and murder. He was arrested two days ago,
and has been questioned several times by three different detectives. Chris requested an
attorney at each interrogation immediately after his rights were read to him no avail.
According to Massiah v. US (1964), Chris is required to:
a. Have an attorney present during questioning
b. Answer all the questions asked
c. To implicate accomplices
d. Indicate what he feels his punishment should be
Which of the following is an appropriate duty and use of police resources?
a. Educating the public about crime
b. Preventing crime
c. Helping give emergency medical assistance
d. Helping people who have been locked out of their homes
e. All of these are appropriate
The political era of policing was characterized by which of the following?
a. civil service selection of officers
b. the introduction of automobile patrol and two-way radios
c. hiring of officers through connections to elected officials
d. urban riots
e. equal opportunity for minority officers
Which of the following is not a role of the prosecutor?
a. trial counsel for the police
b. house counsel for the police
c. best defense possible
d. elected official
Bob Campbell has been charged with a series of bank robberies over the last year. He
has been unemployed and feels as though he had no other recourse than to resort to
theft. Mr. Campbell does not have a prior record.
Because Mr. Campbell is too poor to pay for his own attorney, he is considered an:
a. Felon
b. Criminal
c. Suspect
d. Indigent
A scientific technique that identifies people through their distinctive gene patterns:
a. DNA analysis
b. fingerprint analysis
c. toxicology analysis
d. blood splatter analysis
e. hair/fiber analysis
The philosophy of punishment, which seeks to target “career criminals” by locking
them up for a lengthier timeframe than a first time offender:
a. incapacitation
b. special deterrence
c. rehabilitation
d. selective incapacitation
e. deterrence
Which of the following is not a responsibility of judges?
a. setting bail
b. issuing search warrants
c. making arrests
d. scheduling hearings
e. accepting guilty pleas
What is the most commonly used method of release into the community?
a. discretionary release
b. other conditional release
c. mandatory release
d. expiration release
e. probation release
During the nineteenth century, which of the following was not a principle that guided
female prison reform?
a. the separation of women prisoners from men
b. the provision of care in keeping with the needs of women
c. the management of women’s prisons by female staff
d. making female prisons decidedly “female institutions”
e. the emphasis on teaching women skills to aid employment
Ray Zeek has been incarcerated for 15 years for first degree rape. He has been working
with the Innocence Project in order to prove that he is innocent. He feels sure that there
is evidence which would implicate another man in this crime. He feels that he has a
great chance of being exonerated in the next year.
According to Zeek, there is evidence that could free him, which contains DNA. What,
most likely, is this evidence?
a. hair fibers
b. bullet fragments
c. semen
d. photos
e. eyewitness
The federal _______ ___ _____ ______ greatly expanded the number of offenders in
the federal system who must submit DNA samples.
Bullets fired from guns have unique markings on them known as _______________
fingerprints.
Explain various situations in which correctional officers are to use force inside a prison.
When is force legally accepted? Is it possible for correctional officers to defuse hostility
yet uphold rules?
Answer:Responses will vary
There are several pertinent court cases that pertain to the right to counsel. Which court
cases, in your opinion, are the most important to the prosecution, the defense, and to the
overall system? Why?4
Answer:Responses will vary
The Uniform Crime Reports provide a useful but ___________ picture of crime levels
in the United States.
RICO and CCE changed the laws regarding restitution in the 1970’s.
Police departments are most often run by local government.
A ________ ________ is located near the ceiling above the jury box. It is used to
display demonstrative exhibits.
______________________ is a school of criminology that views behavior as stemming
from free will, demands responsibility and accountability of all perpetrators, and
stresses the need for punishments severe enough to deter others.
At a revocation hearing, a parolee must have specific rights recognized such as the right
to confront witnesses and the right to be notified of charges.
______ ______ is the first female officer in 1905 in Portland, Oregon.
Crimes committed through the use of computers or the Internet are classified as
___________________.
Judges are the only actors in the criminal justice system who have discretion.
Values and norms that are shared by judges, attorneys, clerks, and bailiffs about how
cases should be handled are referred to as the _______ ________ _______.
The U.S. Constitution states that people who have committed crimes forfeit their rights
and civil liberties.
The procedure by which an administrative record is made of an arrest is called
____________________.
Which of the styles of policing described by James Q. Wilson do you think is most
likely to help reduce crime? Provide some examples of how this style would reach this
goal.
Answer:Responses will vary
Jurors may be unwilling to convict unless there is scientific evidence linking the suspect
to the crime. This is known as the ______________ Effect.
_______ __ _______ refers to law that require offenders to serve a substantial
proportion of their prison sentence before being released on parole.
The New York System is based upon the _______ _______.