Which of the following is true concerning the general fear of crime in American
society?
a. Fear limits freedom
b. Fear creates anxieties that affect well-being
c. Many Americans adjust their daily activities to prevent victimization
d. Television has a strong influence on American views of crime risks
e. All of the above are true
Tom Helms recently moved into a new neighborhood after being found guilty of
statutory rape and indecent liberties with a minor. Tom was sentence to 3 years of
incarceration, which ended up being 18 months and then parole. He has to register as a
sex offender for the rest of his life, even though the said crimes were with his 16 year
old girlfriend and he was 20 at the time of the charges.
What is the likelihood that Tom will violate his parole?
a. likely
b. not likely
c. somewhat likely
d. none of these
Which of the following statements regarding presentence reports is true?
a. They are scientific.
b. They avoid stereotypes.
c. They ease the strain of decision making for a judge.
d. They are prepared by the prosecutor
e. None of these; all of the statements given are false.
Sue Jackson was recently pulled over by a local law enforcement agency. She was not
sure why she was being pulled over. When the officer approached the car, he informed
Sue that he was going to search the car. The officer did not find anything until he
opened a backpack that was her brothers. When the officers opened the backpack, he
found two rocks of crack cocaine. Sue was immediately arrested and is currently
awaiting a court date.
Does the officer have a constitutional right to search Sue’s car?
a. Yes, law enforcement can search a vehicle at any time
b. Yes, Sue may have committed a traffic offense
c. No, Sue did not consent to a vehicle search
d. No, the officer could only search the trunk
Which of the following offenses fall into the category of cyber crime?
a. distributing illegal pornography via the Internet
b. sending spam in order to obtain bank account and credit card numbers
c. emailing viruses meant to corrupt computer systems
d. hacking into a bank account to steal money
e. all of these can be classified as cyber crime
Scholars have determined that officer stress is increased based upon which of the
following:
a. work environment
b. work-family conflict
c. both a and b
d. relaxation
e. none of the above
Which of the following statements about public defenders is true?
a. They represent the state against criminal defendants.
b. They easily gain the trust of their clients.
c. They often face a heavy caseload.
d. Their interests are purely financial.
e. None of these; all of the statements given are false.
The most common form of identity theft is:
a. credit card
b. bank account
c. tax refunds
d. mortgage
e. loans
Which of the following is a statistical summary of crimes reported to the police?
a. the NCVS
b. the DBR
c. the UCR
d. NIBRS
e. the BIS
In Santobello v. New York (1971), the United States Supreme Court ruled that:
a. when a guilty plea rests on a promise of a prosecutor, it must be fulfilled
b. defendants must uphold the plea agreement or suffer the consequences
c. a plea of guilty may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentence by a defendant
who maintains his or her innocence
d. defendants must state that they are voluntarily making a plea of guilty
e. preventive detention can be issued in cases involving juveniles
Preventive patrol emphasizes:
a. large numbers of arrests to control crime
b. responding to 911 calls
c. making police presence known
d. fixing “broken windows”
e. order maintenance
Longitudinal studies that follow individuals from childhood to adulthood in order to
identify the factors associated with beginning, avoiding, continuing, or ceasing
individual behavior.
a. Critical theories
b. Life course theories
c. Victimology
d. Criminogenics
e. Experiential learning
The accountability of an individual for a crime because of their characteristics and the
circumstances of the illegal act.
a. legal responsibility
b. civil law
c. cooperative law
d. procedural responsibility
e. real estate law
Excessive use of force violates what amendment?
a. First
b. Second
c. Third
d. Fourth
e. Fifth
Which of the following has not been a factor contributing to the current “reentry”
problem in the U.S.?
a. a decrease in the power of parole boards to affect release decisions
b. longer prison sentences served by those being released
c. a reduction in programs designed to assist former prisoners
d. an increase in the number of drug offenders being released
e. an increase in the number of violent offenders being released
What would be one of the biggest objections from the community?
a. size
b. cost
c. administration
d. staff
e. location
One of the biggest issues for probation officers is the size of their:
a. increased responsibility
b. dangerous offenders
c. paperwork
d. drug testing
e. career choice
To improve efficiency, police departments utilize the policy of differential response,
which allows:
a. less detailed information is received from callers
b. callers are uncertain about when to expect a response
c. the appropriate response
d. patrol officers know less about a case when they respond
e. low-income callers received less attention from police
Prior to the 1800, Americans copied Europeans in using physical punishment. Which of
the following is not one of the methods used?
a. flogging
b. branding
c. maiming
d. banishing
e. probation
Which of the following has been referred to as “the ultimate ghetto”?
a. American prisons
b. American jails
c. American courtrooms
d. American police departments
e. None of these
Ray Zeek has been incarcerated for 15 years for first degree rape. He has been working
with the Innocence Project in order to prove that he is innocent. He feels sure that there
is evidence which would implicate another man in this crime. He feels that he has a
great chance of being exonerated in the next year.
According to District Attorney’s Office v. Osborne (2009), Zeek’s DNA testing request
was not protected by the:
a. Constitution
b. legal community
c. Declaration of Independence
d. inmate rights requirement
e. discovery
Starla Bagley was chosen for jury duty and walked into the courtroom for the very first
time today. She was overwhelmed with the courtroom decorum. Technology imploded
from every aspect. She wondered how she would keep up with her limited computer
skills.
Starla was blown away when the prosecutor began to present evidence and it appeared
on an overhead projector, as well as on computer screens which were stationed in front
of each juror. This would be referred to as:
a. paperless system
b. technological advancement
c. electronic file management
d. paper in file motion management
e. electronic motion detector
According to the U.S. Supreme Court, inmates who claim they have been wrongfully
convicted:
a. Have no constitutional right to retest the evidence presented at their trial for their
DNA
b. Should automatically invoke their right against self-incrimination
c. Can request appeal based on ineffective assistance of counsel
d. Deserve an automatic mistrial, due to an incompetent jury
e. Have a constitutional right to retest the evidence presented at their trial for their DNA
Entrapment occurs when:
a. the accused claims mental illness
b. the accused acts in self-defense
c. the accused must commit the act to survive
d. the accused is lured into crime by the police
e. the accused is intoxicated
Which of the following statements about home confinement is false?
a. Home confinement is problematic because crimes can be committed from the home.
b. Electronic monitoring in home confinement is more expensive than imprisonment.
c. Home confinement raises the issue of the right to privacy because governmental
corrections supervision has invaded a private home.
d. Electronic monitoring in home confinement may be rendered more difficult by
technical problems with the equipment.
e. Home confinement allows offenders to work while serving punishment.
People on probation currently make up this percentage of the correctional population:
a. 10
b. 20
c. 40
d. 50
e. 60
Which of the following is not a required component of the Miranda warnings?
a. notification that suspects have the right to an attorney during interrogation
b. notification that suspects have the right to remain silent
c. notification that any statement suspects make can be used against them in court
d. notification that the state will pay for an attorney if suspects cannot afford one
e. notification that suspects have the right to a speedy trial
Bail is employed for which of the following purposes?
a. to pay fines after being convicted
b. to assure an offender appears for trial
c. to bribe police officers
d. to compensate the system for the cost of incarceration
e. to ensure an impartial jury
In this court case, the Supreme Court endorsed warrantless searches for weapons and
evidence in the immediate vicinity of people who are lawfully arrested.
a. Mapp v Ohio
b. Terry v Ohio
c. Chimel v Ohio
d. Chimel v California
e. Roper v Simmons
The first man condemned to execution by electric chair was:
a. William Musafina
b. William Kemmler
c. William Douglas
d. William Saine
e. William Griffen
Which of the following statements concerning intermediate sanctions is true?
a. Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a low level of control over the
offender.
b. Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a high level of control over the
offender.
c. Judges use intermediate sanctions that require no control over the offender
d. Judges use a range of intermediate sanctions requiring a low level to high level of
control over the offenders.
e. Intermediate sanctions are not used by judges.
Which group won major court cases securing religious freedom for prisoners in the
U.S.?
a. Black Muslims
b. Catholics
c. Jews
d. Scientologists
e. none of these
The most commonly used type of release from incarceration is mandatory release.
___________________ is the concept of male honor and the sacredness of one’s
reputation as a man.
The use of electronic monitoring is being used a great deal, especially with regards to
sex offenders. Is this a good use of this tool? Does this violate 4th amendment rights?
Why or why not?
Answer:Responses will vary
Prosecutors act independently of the political system.
What type offender would most likely be released on his/her recognizance? Is this an
equitable way to work the justice system? What type offender would not be released on
his/her recognizance?
Answer:Responses will vary
Under the lease system, prisoners were “leased” to private companies for labor.
There is no hard and fast definition of ______ _______ that can be applied to every
situation. Generally, the essential issue is whether sufficient evidence is presented to
lead to the reasonable conclusion that a specific person should be prosecuted for a
criminal offense.
____________________ occurs when a convicted offender does not commit a future
crime for fear of receiving a known punishment.
Superiors expect correctional officers to achieve institutional goals even though the
officers have few resources or punishments at their disposal.
The ___________________ in New York City offers loans to indigent defendants to
post bail.
Most states use the “contract counsel” method of providing attorneys for those who
cannot afford their own attorneys.
The rehabilitation model of corrections involved contributions from social science
researchers.
Miranda warnings must be read to a suspect prior to interrogation.
Aggressive patrol strains police relations with African Americans and Hispanics.
Public defenders have easy access to video technology that allows them to recreate a
crime scene with computer-generated images.