Which of the following statements regarding the American prison population during the
last thirty years is TRUE?
a. There has been a decrease in the number of African Americans.
b. There has been a decrease in the number of Hispanics.
c. There has been no change in the number of Hispanics.
d. The number of African Americans has remained relatively consistent.
e. There has been an increase in the number of both African Americans and Hispanics.
During a traffic stop, officers can order passengers as well as the driver to exit the
vehicle, even if there is no basis for suspicion that the passengers engaged in any
wrongdoing according to this case?
a. Carroll v US (1925)
b. Illinois v Rodriguez (1990)
c. Maryland v Wilson (1997)
d. Georgia v Randolph (2006)
e. California v Acevedo (1991)
Officer Jordan Stanley is called to a shoplifting call. Upon arrival, he talks with the
store manager concerning the facts of the case. Apparently, a sixteen year old female
attempted to steal a pair of shoes for an upcoming school event. Officer Stanley writes a
citation and then discusses with the manager how to prevent future cases from
occurring. The manager agrees to implement many of the suggestions.
What style of policing is Officer Stanly practicing in this case?
a. Incident driven
b. Differential response
c. Incentive laden
d. Retroactively
e. Proactively
Which of the following statements concerning the differences between men’s and
women’s prisons is true?
a. Women’s prisons have a more highly developed hidden economy.
b. Female inmates face more violence and physical confrontations.
c. Female inmates are more committed to the inmate code.
d. Women’s prisons are smaller.
e. Women’s prisons are more security-conscious.
According to Cole & Smith, why have judges banned cell phones from jury members
during trials?
a. Excessive ringing was disturbing the trials
b. Jurors were not paying close enough attention to the trial
c. To keep jurors from doing their own research on the case
d. Jurors in some cases were taking pictures of defendants
e. The judge is not allowed to have a phone in court, so no one else can have a phone
Felony cases are processed and sentenced in a court of:
a. general jurisdiction
b. specific jurisdiction
c. complete jurisdiction
d. appellate jurisdiction
e. supreme court jurisdiction
Which of the following is a criminal activity that the federal government has power to
control?
a. Terrorism
b. Internet-based child pornography
c. Interstate gang-related crimes
d. Banking-related crimes
e. All of the above have federal jurisdiction
Debbie Lawson is a veteran parole officer. She has seen a dramatic change in the way
her position and office has changed over the course of 25 years. As she is nearing
retirement, she would like to become a consultant nationwide on how to improve
prisoner reentry.
If Ms. Lawson adheres to the generally prevailing views discussed in the text regarding
reentry programs, she feels that the appropriate time to begin reentry training would be:
a. after release
b. immediately before release
c. halfway through the inmate’s sentence
d. when they initially begin their sentence
e. when they go before the parole board
Which of the following is a central feature of community policing?
a. reactive policing
b. improved 911 response time
c. problem-solving
d. crime control
e. criminal investigation
Indeterminate sentences are most closely associated with which of the following
philosophies of punishment?
a. incapacitation
b. rehabilitation
c. general deterrence
d. specific deterrence
e. restorative justice
One of the biggest issues with DNA testing involves too few:
a. officers
b. labs
c. analysts
d. courts
e. prisons
In the case of Williams v. Florida, the Supreme Court ruled that:
a. juries must have at least 12 members
b. juries can be as small as 6 members
c. juries must be unanimous in misdemeanor trials
d. juries must be unanimous in civil trials
e. juries must be representative of the community
The formal court appearance of an accused person where the charges are read is called
a(n):
a. probable cause
b. arraignment
c. preponderance of the evidence
d. reasonable doubt
e. reasonable suspicion
Which of the following statements about women in policing is true?
a. Women have been serving as police officers since the early 1900s.
b. Smaller police departments generally have a higher proportion of women who are
sworn officers.
c. Female officers tend to view the police role differently from male officers.
d. Some people still believe that women are not tough enough to confront dangerous
criminals.
e. Most women in police work have not met the expectations of their superiors.
You are on a committee that is to present a revised policy plan to the Governor’s
Commission of Correctional Policy. There has been public outrage after a recent
parolee raped and murdered two 14 year old girls. There have been public
demonstrations to demand a get tough on crime stance.
You must make sure that the public realizes that sentencing an offender to his/her house
to complete the sentence is effective and a much cheaper alternative than incarceration.
This is also referred to as:
a. alternative to incarceration
b. home confinement
c. home parole
d. home study
e. home forfeiture
Some states are facing a shortage of corrections officers in the new millennium. One
reason for this is:
a. High unemployment rates
b. The increase in prison populations
c. Shorter prison sentences for drug offenders
d. Greater education requirements for corrections officers
e. More prisons built in urban areas
Which of the following statements about the death penalty is TRUE?
a. The Supreme Court has decided the death penalty is cruel and unusual.
b. The death penalty can be imposed in petty cases, such as those involving theft,
provided there are aggravating circumstances.
c. The death penalty is covered in the Fourth Amendment.
d. The Court has agreed with public sentiment about the death penalty.
e. The death penalty is constitutional.
_______________________ are characterized by a division of labor, a chain of
command, and rules to guide the activities of staff.
a. Police officers
b. Bureaucracies
c. Jurisdictions
d. Subcultures
e. Beats
According to this rule, a suspect who, during a frisk, which is not justified by proper
observation and reasonable suspicion, is found to be carrying drugs or weapons can
seek to have the evidence excluded.
a. Exigent circumstances
b. Exclusionary rule
c. Due Process
d. Totality of circumstances
e. Probable cause
This US Supreme Court case allows inmates to sue correctional establishments when
their rights have been violated.
a. Cooper v. Pate (1964)
b. Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York (1978)
c. Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973)
d. Hudson v. Palmer (1984)
e. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of financial loss is
known as:
a. shock probation
b. home arrest
c. recidivism
d. restitution
e. day fine
Which of the following statements is true concerning the UCR?
a. The UCR provides a useful but incomplete picture of crime levels
b. The UCR is an accurate compilation of criminal statistics
c. Because it is compiled at the federal level the UCR is more reliable than data
compiled at the state level
d. The UCR is compiled at the local level under direction of state governments
e. The UCR is unreliable and generally of little practical use
The application of force against individuals by police officers that violate either
departmental policies or constitutional rights by exceeding the level of force
permissible in a given situation.
a. less lethal force
b. excessive use of force
c. racial disparity
d. profiling
e. prejudice
You are a correctional administrator in charge of staffing a new prison that will open
within the next year. This prison is located in a rural Midwestern town. This will be a
male facility with a medium security classification.
Most likely, your staff, statistically, will be of what race:
a. Hispanic
b. African American
c. Caucasian
d. Asian
e. Indian
In Lansing, Michigan, police officers can search for warrants on a citizen by simply:
a. Swiping their driver’s license
b. Testing a sample of their saliva
c. Scanning their fingerprints
d. Running their facial recognition program
e. Taking their picture
The philosophy which assumes that the general public will not commit a crime because
they observe the punishment of others is called:
a. incapacitation
b. special deterrence
c. rehabilitation
d. retribution
e. general deterrence
The person who represents accused and convicted persons in the criminal justice system
is known as the:
a. clerk of courts
b. state’s attorney
c. defense attorney
d. judicial attorney
e. bailiff
The standard currency in the prison economy has traditionally been:
a. Money
b. Soap
c. Sex
d. Cigarettes
e. Drugs
This technology is used by law enforcement and measures heart rates as they answer
questions.
a. polygraph
b. DNA
c. lie distractor
d. blood pressure monitor
e. lie investigator
Jimmy Johns is awaiting trial for kidnapping and second degree sex offense. This will
be his second offense. If he goes to trial, he could potentially spend twenty five years in
prison.
Jimmy is later found guilty and sentenced to 20 years with the chance of patrol after 10
years. Jimmy’s feels as though the judge ruled unfairly and is demanding a(n):
a. appeal
b. habeas corpus
c. jury trial
d. plea bargain
e. domicile trial
What US Supreme Court case ruled that deadly force may not be used against an
unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent their escape and unless the
officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of
serious injury.
a. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
b. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
c. Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
d. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
e. Roper v. Simmons (2005)
Technological advances have resulted in the ability of all police departments to
determine the exact location of cell phones that have dialed 911.
Although it has been used in the United States for more than a century, parole remains
controversial.
Police officers cannot stop and frisk suspects even if they have reasonable suspicion.
Control theories emphasize that individuals exhibit criminal behavior due to the social
processes inherent in the criminal justice system.
A ____________________ consists of the beliefs, symbols, values, and attitudes shared
by members of a smaller group within a larger society.
The _______ _______ _______ handles 82 percent of indigent criminal cases.
In ____________________ the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty as
administered, constituted cruel and unusual treatment.
____________________ crimes are those crimes that are committed in the context of a
legal business or profession.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961) applied the exclusionary rule to the state court system.
Only about one percent of habeas corpus petitions are successful.
Because trials are so infrequent, defense attorneys’ working lives tend to be quite
different than the lives of attorneys as portrayed on television.
Some have argued that offenses that are mala prohibita should be illegal because they
lead to crimes considered to be mala in se. Give an example of one type of crime that
can lead to another, and explain how the crime fits into the mala prohibita and mala in
se categories. Which type of crime should we be more worried about, and why?
Answer:Responses will vary
Throughout the history of the United States, ideas about punishment have remained
roughly the same.
Probation and _______ supervision for federal offenders are provided by the Federal
Probation and Pretrial Service System.
A presentence report is prepared by a probation officer for use by a judge.
The ____________________ era of policing aimed to separate the police department
from the political system.