During a recent statewide election voters elected a much more ideologically
conservative state legislature. Over the next couple of years that legislature enacted
several “get tough” laws aimed at restoring capital punishment, creating mandatory
sentences, and removing several options for appeal of the convictions. The legislature
justified these actions by arguing that victims were not being considered strongly
enough in the criminal process and that convicted persons needed to take responsibility
for their crimes.
A resurgence of some of the ideas of classical criminology occurred in the late twentieth
century. This more recent conservative school of thought is referred to as
a. New Age Criminology
b. Rigid Criminology
c. Positivist Criminology
d. Neoclassical Criminology
e. Resurgent Criminology
This philosophy of punishment in which the primary function of imprisonment and
execution is seen as preventing a person from committing additional crimes is known
as:
a. incapacitation
b. special deterrence
c. rehabilitation
d. retribution
e. general deterrence
Why is there less funding for community corrections as compared to more traditional
correctional options?
a. The public views community corrections as ‘soft on crime.”
b. The public is generally not supportive of community corrections.
c. Communities are supportive of correctional facilities in their neighborhood.
d. Both because the public is not supportive and views community corrections as ‘soft
on crime.”
e. All of these are all valid explanations for the differences in funding between
community corrections and traditional corrections.
Most people on probation:
a. Eventually end up in prison
b. Are very likely to commit a second offense
c. Do not become career criminals
d. Cannot obtain jobs after their sentence
e. Have committed felony offenses
Anna Bert is a college graduate who has worked for a well-known bank as a VP for ten
years. Anna grew up in a middle class family with her mother, father, and brother. She
is married and has a five month old little girl. On a Saturday night, Ms. Bert suffocates
her daughter with a pillow. When law enforcement arrives, she states that the baby
would just not be quiet and she could not take it anymore.
Recently, scholars have determined that women who commit crimes are not adequately
represented in research. As in Ms. Bert’s particular case, a theory that modern
researches would apply to this case would be:
a. labeling
b. feminist
c. life course theories
d. social contract
e. control
Probation officers play a role in sentencing by:
a. preparing the presentence report for the judge
b. always asking for leniency
c. instructing victims about what to say at sentencing hearings
d. working with the defense attorney to prepare each defendant’s rehabilitation plan
e. none; probation officers play no role in sentencing
According to Cole and Smith, the goal of criminal justice that concerns the processes of
arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing those who disobey the law is referred
to as:
a. controlling crime
b. doing justice
c. arbitrating crime
d. preventing crime
e. developing legal parameters
Units within local police departments that deploy officers, often in plainclothes if not
assigned to the traffic unit, who are dedicated to a specific task are known as:
a. military units
b. swat units
c. special units
d. enforcement units
e. all of these
An attorney will sometimes request that the trial date be placed at another date. This is
typically called a:
a. going rate
b. work group
c. continuance
d. legal culture
The geographic location and/or legal boundaries which determine the range of the
court’s authority:
a. district
b. county
c. jurisdiction
d. circuit
Terry v. Ohio endorsed stop and frisk searches to ensure this.
a. Officer safety
b. Victim’s rights
c. Suspect rights
d. Due process
e. Witness safety
Chief James Monroe is reviewing the recently approved city council budget, which may
require a reduction in staff. He is in the process of determining, what, if any other
measures can be taken to reduce fiscal spending. The department serves an upper
middle class community, which typically is not favorable towards a lack of resources.
Chief Monroe’s budget cuts will force the department to determine which function they
will supply to the community. The community most often supports the crime fighter
function, which means the department will focus on the:
a. Law enforcement function
b. Service function
c. Fiscal function
d. Operations function
e. Community service function
The idea that crime control does not rest solely with the police is in line with the
concept of:
a. police political involvement
b. community crime prevention
c. public discretion
d. the service function of police
e. mandatory arrest laws
The social process theory which holds that all members of society have the capacity to
commit crime, but that most are restrained by social norms, is known as:
a. labeling theory
b. learning theory
c. control theory
d. normal theory
e. political theory
The United States has a….
a. dual court system
b. triple court system
c. centralized court system
d. federal court system
e. synthetic court system
The primary duty of the courts is
a. statutory compliance
b. oversight of police actions
c. adjudication
d. interpretation of constitutional mandates
e. modification of unfair laws
Which of the following statements about the use of fines is true?
a. The collection of fines is a high priority of the court’s staff
b. Fines are used more frequently in Europe than in the U.S.
c. Only the United States uses fines as punishment
d. Fines in the U. S. are always based upon the offender’s income
e. If offenders do not pay their fines immediately at the sentencing hearing, they are
sent to jail until they pay
John Massey has been charged with first degree forcible rape. He is a college educated
Caucasian businessman who is married with three children. Mr. Massey feels certain
that a jury of his peers will find him innocent of the charges based upon the specific
forensic evidence, which most likely will be presented.
After the jury has been selected, Mr. Massey becomes irate and feels that his
constitutional rights have been violated. The jury consists of 12 men and women, of
which only one holds a college degree. Five of its members are Caucasian, three are
African American, two are Asian, and two are Hispanic. Eight of the members are
female and four are males. Is Mr. Massey correct in believing that this jury is not a jury
of his peers?
a. Yes, jurors are to be composed of the same attributes as the accused in
socioeconomic, marital, and sex.
b. Yes, jurors are always required to have a college education.
c. No, jurors are to be comprised of a cross section of the community.
d. No, jurors are hired and paid by the court system.
Susan Frye has been recently hired by the Bellview Police Department as a patrol
officer. She has completed an associate degree and basic law enforcement training. She
would like to continue her education by acquiring a bachelor’s degree in order to be
qualified should promotional opportunities become available. Susan aspires to one day
be the chief of police for Bellview.
As Susan is paired with a training officer, the training officer will help define the “cop’s
world” to her by telling her what beliefs and symbols are a part of the department. This
is known as:
a. Subculture
b. Socialization
c. Working personality
d. Process
e. Moral guidance
Which of the following terms refers to the authority to make decisions without
reference to specific rules or facts, relying on one’s own judgment?
a. exchange
b. due process
c. system
d. discretion
e. disparity
The components of criminal justice are best described as a/an:
a. socialized entity
b. system
c. isolated process
d. contest
e. bifurcation
Which of the following factors does not affect the sentencing process?
a. the administrative context of the courts
b. the attitudes and values of the judge
c. the presentence report
d. sentencing guidelines
e. willingness of the prison warden to accept new prisoners
The use of computers inside patrol cars has improved which of the following:
a. demand on police efficiency
b. improved efficiency
c. improved electronic communication
d. less handwriting
e. all of these
James Jones has recently been found not guilty of first degree murder of Lisa Smith.
The victim’s family has decided to have the case tried as a wrongful death case in a
different court. James Jones believes that he is free from additional court activity due to
rights guaranteed by the constitution. Several weeks later, Mr. Jones is given notice of
his new upcoming court date.
Since James had originally been charged with first degree murder, he would have been
thought to have had the thought process available to plan and carry out the murder,
which could be defined as the ______.
a. insanity defense
b. actus reus
c. mens rea
d. causation
What have some critics said of the use of preventive detention?
a. It violates the offender’s First Amendment rights.
b. It is used unfairly, particularly for female offenders.
c. It violates an offender’s right to due process.
d. It costs the offender too much money to stay incarcerated.
e. It discriminates against people who can afford a private attorney.
Chief James Monroe is reviewing the recently approved city council budget, which may
require a reduction in staff. He is in the process of determining, what, if any other
measures can be taken to reduce fiscal spending. The department serves an upper
middle class community, which typically is not favorable towards a lack of resources.
Chief Monroe is responsible for a division of labor, a chain of command, and rules and
activities for his staff which is the hall mark of running a: decisions based upon his
position at the top of the police:
a. Police policy
b. Chain of command
c. Special units
d. Bureaucracy
e. Policy
Which of the following factors increases the power of the prosecutor?
a. many of their decisions are hidden from public view
b. they must have a judge sign off on any decision to drop a case
c. they are dependent upon the defense attorney for witness statements
d. jurisdictional boundaries are sometimes confusing
e. cases overturned at appeal can be damaging to a prosecutor’s career
According to the Supreme Court, exigent circumstances might exist when:
a. officers believe they might find important evidence
b. officers believe there is probable cause
c. officers believe others might be in grave danger
d. officers do not want to wait for a warrant
e. officers are friendly with the suspects
When police arrest subway fare-beaters, loiterers, and panhandlers, they are focusing
upon:
a. quality of life crimes
b. quantity of arrest crimes
c. common law crimes
d. mens rea crimes
e. felonies
According to the lifestyle exposure model, which of the following groups is most likely
to be victimized?
a. elderly white females
b. elderly white males
c. elderly black females
d. young black males
e. young white males
Which of the following explains why large numbers of offenders are gaining release
from prison each year?
a. expansion of prison population
b. juvenile being tried as adults
c. longer prison sentences for women
d. budget surplus
e. none of these
Which of the following refers to a situation where an attorney is employed on a
full-time, salaried basis by the government to represent indigents?
a. public defender
b. assigned counsel
c. contract counsel
d. legal aid attorney
e. appellate defender
Which of the following refers to a serious crime, usually carrying a penalty of
incarceration for more than one year?
a. Indictment
b. Misdemeanor
c. Felony
d. Warrant
e. plea bargain
This organization is responsible for controlling counterfeit drugs:
a. FCC
b. FBI
c. FIC
d. FDA
e. FFF
When a judge oversees the “contest” between the defense attorney and the prosecutor,
he or she has taken on the role of ____________________.
Some casinos use __________________recognition technology to identify people
known to be skilled cheaters.
Pepper spray and nightsticks are considered types of ___________________ weapons.
Your textbook discusses the differences between the subcultures found in men’s and
women’s prisons. What are some of these differences? What factors might help to
explain them?
Answer:Responses will vary
A writ or order requesting the release of a person being detained in prison is called a
writ of___________________.
____________ occur when reforms increase the proportion on individuals in society
whose behavior is regulated or controlled by the state.
The U.S. Supreme Court held in Strickland v. Washington (1984) that defendants in
capital cases had the right to representation that meets an “objective standard of
reasonableness”.
The U.S. criminal justice system operates under the concept of “federalism”. Describe
the concept of federalism, and discuss one key difference between state and federal
criminal justice systems.
Answer:Responses will vary
Under the “mark system”, inmates received marks for disruptive or other negative
behavior.
An example of ________________would be an actual eyewitness account of the crime,
itself.
Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law. To illustrate this difference,
consider the case of a car accident in which the person who caused the accident has
been drinking alcohol. Explain the criminal and civil consequences the offender would
experience from this act.
Answer:Responses will vary
Problem-oriented policing tries to find the underlying causes of crime.
The Declaration of Principles concerning corrections addressed the issue of female
prisoners.
Probation works best when the judge and the supervising officer have close contact.
Accused persons can be allowed to avoid pretrial incarceration if they are considered a
“good risk” to appear. This is known as _________________________.
A ____________________involves government interference with a citizen’s freedom of
movement that usually lasts no more than an hour.