Which of the following situations is an example of restorative justice?
a. A violent offender is sentenced to 6 months in jail.
b. A property offender receives corporal punishment.
c. A drug offender picks up trash on the highways.
d. A man who has abused his wife is sentenced to anger management.
e. A juvenile who stole a lawn mower meets with the victim to discuss his actions.
The practice of assigning individuals to night duty as to warn the public of crime that
eventually evolved into a system of paid, uniform police.
a. duty system
b. slave system
c. watch system
d. routine patrol system
e. chain system
Of the following, which is NOT a question that victimology advocates would seek to
focus attention?
a. What are the negative effects of mandatory sentencing on offenders?
b. Who is victimized?
c. What is the impact of crime?
d. What happens to victims in the criminal justice system?
e. What roles do victims play in causing the crimes they suffer?
In what circumstance is the totality of circumstances used?
a. To determine whether an offender is guilty
b. To determine whether to indict a suspect
c. To determine whether probable cause exists
d. To determine whether police acted appropriately
e. To determine whether to Mirandize a suspect
Crimes such as murder or assault that are traditionally considered to be wrong in
themselves are known as:
a. mala prohibita
b. misdemeanors
c. transgressions
d. mala in se
e. criminogenic
Which of the following people is responsible for sentencing?
a. Prosecutors
b. Defendants
c. Court clerks
d. Wardens
e. Judges
James Jones has recently been found not guilty of first degree murder of Lisa Smith.
The victim’s family has decided to have the case tried as a wrongful death case in a
different court. James Jones believes that he is free from additional court activity due to
rights guaranteed by the constitution. Several weeks later, Mr. Jones is given notice of
his new upcoming court date.
If James is summoned to a courtroom to stand accused, most likely he will be tried
under what type of law?
a. criminal law
b. civil law
c. procedural law
d. legal responsibility
The Penitentiary Act of 1779 required that institutions would be based upon which of
the following principles:
a. a secure and sanitary building
b. inspection to ensure that offenders followed the rules
c. abolition of the fees charged offenders for their food
d. reformatory regime
e. all of these
The medieval English system in which groups of families agreed to uphold the law,
keep order, and bring violators, to court was known as:
a. tithing
b. the frankpledge
c. the watch system
d. the hue and cry
e. familia
A person cannot be forced to respond to questions in which the answers may reveal that
they may have committed a crime.
a. double jeopardy
b. self-incrimination
c. fundamental fairness
d. incorporation
e. jurisprudence
Debbie Lawson is a veteran parole officer. She has seen a dramatic change in the way
her position and office has changed over the course of 25 years. As she is nearing
retirement, she would like to become a consultant nationwide on how to improve
prisoner reentry.
Ms. Lawson also feels that each parolee should be forced to have a probation officer
which requires more rigorous meetings and overall conditions. This would be a(n):
a. district attorney
b. probation officer
c. correctional officer
d. prison psychologist
e. none of these
Which two elements of police work define the working personality?
a. danger and authority
b. danger and isolation
c. danger and independence
d. authority and isolation
e. isolation and independence
A “death qualified” jury is one in which:
a. All members state that they are against the death penalty
b. All members reside in a state that uses the death penalty for capital offenses
c. All members find the defendant guilty in a capital trial
d. All members are able to evaluate evidence fairly without their attitude toward the
death penalty altering their perceptions
e. All members agree to hear the appeal if the defendant is found guilty and sentenced
to death
Even if a police officer is acting in the interests of public safety, he/she must obtain a
warrant before searching an area.
Officer Jordan Stanley is called to a shoplifting call. Upon arrival, he talks with the
store manager concerning the facts of the case. Apparently, a sixteen year old female
attempted to steal a pair of shoes for an upcoming school event. Officer Stanley writes a
citation and then discusses with the manager how to prevent future cases from
occurring. The manager agrees to implement many of the suggestions.
When Officer Stanley responds to the call, he is responding in what manner:
a. Proactive
b. Reactive
c. Investigatory
d. Crime control
e. Crime scene
A “pat down” search is also known as a:
a. stop-and-frisk search
b. Miranda search
c. probable guilt search
d. totality of circumstances search
e. plain view search
Studies have shown that which of the following is a major motivation for becoming a
corrections officer?
a. enjoyment of working with prisoners
b. a desire to aid in the rehabilitation process
c. a desire to use violence on the job
d. a desire for a secure civil service job
e. a desire for high pay and pleasant working conditions
Which of the constitutional amendments guarantees citizens protection against
“unreasonable search and seizure”?
a. the Fourth Amendment
b. the Sixth Amendment
c. the Eighth Amendment
d. the Fourteenth Amendment
e. none of these
Which court case determined that evidence found through improper searches and
seizures must be excluded from use at both state and federal trials?
a. Mapp v Ohio (1961)
b. Miranda v Arizona (1966)
c. Nix v Williams (1984)
d. Weeks v US (1914)
e. Roper v Simmons (2005)
Which best describes the frequency of plea bargaining in the United States?
a. Cases are never plea bargained.
b. Cases are seldom plea bargained.
c. Less than half of all cases are plea bargained.
d. A vast majority of cases are plea bargained.
e. All cases involve some sort of plea bargain within the courtroom workgroup.
Inmates who have completed their entire sentence minus good time are free from
community supervision. These inmates have done what do their sentence:
a. finished
b. maxed out
c. filled out
d. served
e. depleted
A prison in the south has decided to transition its general population prison to a geriatric
prison. All elderly inmates in the state will be transferred to this establishment in the
next three years. The public is not completely in support of this endeavor and plans to
fight it.
In order to be considered a geriatric prison, the youngest inmate in the facility would
be:
a. 50
b. 55
c. 58
d. 60
e. 62
In which role does the judge spend significant amounts of time behind closed doors
talking to prosecutors and defense attorneys?
a. adjudicator
b. administrator
c. negotiator
d. electoral candidate
e. appellate advocate
According to UCR and other government sources, over the past thirty years the rate of
violent crime has
a. remained about the same
b. generally and consistently decreased
c. generally trended upward
d. showed a sharp and consistent increase
e. been immeasurable
The purpose of boot camps is to shock young offenders out of their ways and build:
a. life skills
b. diplomas
c. self-esteem
d. wrap sheet
e. none of these
Which of the following tests must recruits pass to become a police officer?
a. written test
b. background check
c. fitness test
d. physical exam
e. all of these
Which of the following statements about the lease system is true?
a. Prisoners received pay for their labors.
b. Prisoners signed agreements to work for a set amount of time that was generally
shorter than the jail time they had received.
c. The lease system was primarily employed in densely settled areas of the U.S.
d. The death rate of prisoners under this system was very low.
e. Businesses owned these prisoners as if they were slaves.
Which of the following is a type of ISP?
a. home confinement
b. probation diversion
c. shock incarceration
d. fines
e. community service
Prisoner administrators are wary of the prison economy because:
a. inmate transactions hurt business at the prison store
b. the prices charged for goods might not be fair
c. prisoners steal items from the prison and may fight in disputes about transactions
d. some prisoners are not allowed to participate
e. prison officials do not want prisoners to have any amenities
Officer Sally King has been on the force for four years. She truly loves her job, but
finds it sometimes difficult to live on a police officer’s salary. She has noticed many of
her coworkers seem to live at a much higher standard of living than she does. She is
amazed at the large homes and vehicles that a select few officers have acquired.
Interestingly, as Officer King was going home the next morning, her captain informed
her that he had an opportunity for her. During the upcoming NFL season, they would
need officers to work off duty security. She would be paid approximately fifty dollars
an hour. This is an example of:
a. Departmental contract model
b. Officer contract model
c. Brokerage model
d. Security
e. Pay off
The Classical School of criminology was heavily influenced by the philosopher
______________.
a. Cesare Beccarria
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Adam Smith
d. Edwin Sutherland
e. Socrates
The primary function of jails is to:
a. hold persons for less than one year
b. hold persons for more than one year
c. hold persons for more than five years
d. hold persons for more than ten years
e. hold persons for more than twenty years
The Fourteenth Amendment does the following:
a. protects citizens from unreasonable search and seizure
b. protects citizens from unreasonable use of force by police
c. spreads power between the executive and legislative branches
d. requires states to observe federal due process standards
e. provides counsel for indigent defendants
Punishment designed to affect the future choice and behavior of individuals and
targeted at individuals who have already been convicted is called:
a. incapacitation
b. specific deterrence
c. rehabilitation
d. retribution
e. general deterrence
The primary purpose of a prison is maintaining secure custody of offenders.
Entrapment is one of the seven principles of substantive criminal law.
Felonies are punishable by more than one year in prison.
In order to revoke parole, there must be a determination of probable cause that the
parolee violated the conditions of release established by the parole board and a
subsequent finding that the violation, in fact, occurred.
Provide the definition of hate crime and give an example of something that can be
defined as
a hate crime. Should the law provide for additional penalties in cases that could be
classified as hate crimes? Why or why not?
Answer:Responses will vary
The amount of money specified by a judge to be paid as a condition of pretrial release is
called ________.
Discuss the key relationships of the prosecutor with others in the criminal justice
system. In which relationships does the prosecutor hold more power than the other
individuals? In which relationships does the prosecutor hold less power?
Answer:Responses will vary
Prisons sometimes have difficulty recruiting correctional officers. What factors keep
people from applying for jobs as officers in correctional facilities?
Answer:Responses will vary
Punishments rarely reflect the dominant values of a moment in history.
“Supermax” prisons keep prisoners in shackles whenever they leave their cells.
An unemployed offender with no ties to the community is likely to be released on ROR.
Since the mid-1990s, crime rates have been steadily decreasing in the United States. At
the same time, Americans believe there is a serious crime problem in the United States.
Why do Americans feel that there is a serious crime problem? How can America’s crime
fear dissipate? What does media impact public perception?
Answer:Responses will vary
______ __ ______applied the exclusionary rule as the remedy for improper searches by
federal law enforcement officials.
In ________ __ _________ the court ruled that police officers do not have to inform
people of their right to say no to a consent search.
The search and seizure clause is found in the ____________________Amendment.
Trial courts of general jurisdiction handle only misdemeanors and lawsuits for small
amounts of money.
The _________ ______ ________ ________ __________is considered the most
influential test of the general deterrent effects of patrol on crime.
Defendants enter a plea (guilty or not guilty) at the ________________.