When a person is physically taken into custody, it is known as a(n):
a. Warrant
b. Arrest
c. Indictment
d. Information
e. Booking
Which of the following statements about the death penalty is true?
a. It is unconstitutional to execute the mentally ill.
b. Offenders sentenced to death are not entitled to effective counsel.
c. It is constitutional to exclude jurors from capital cases who do not believe in the
death penalty.
d. Offenders sentenced to death cannot appeal.
e. According to the Vienna Convention, if a citizen of another country is sentenced to
death, his or her home country must be notified.
Starla Bagley was chosen for jury duty and walked into the courtroom for the very first
time today. She was overwhelmed with the courtroom decorum. Technology imploded
from every aspect. She wondered how she would keep up with her limited computer
skills.
Starla was even more shocked by the graphic video being disseminated in hard copy
made by the:
a. photo gallery
b. color video printer
c. hands free color video
d. side camera
e. digital camera
Jordan Snow has served 15 years of a 25 year sentence for first degree rape. He was 20
when he was originally sentenced. Jordan had a previous charge of larceny, which the
judge had to include during the rape sentencing. Jordan has always stated that he is
innocent and one day he would prove it.
Jordan has been in contact with the Innocence Project to have his case appealed based
upon new developments that have the potential to free him. The technology
developments are most likely:
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. CAN
d. RTL
e. NRA
If victims wish to recoup their losses following a crime, they must rely on:
a. substantive criminal law
b. procedural criminal law
c. real estate law
d. civil law
e. cooperative law
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the criminal justice system?
a. discretion
b. resource dependence
c. filtering
d. sequential tasks
e. independence of actors
Which of the following policies did federal courts generally maintain with respect to
prisoners’ rights prior to the 1960s?
a. “hands-on,” or active intervention for many prisoners’ rights
b. “hands-off,” or rare recognition of any prisoners’ rights for prisoners
c. intervention for freedom of speech only
d. intervention to prevent unreasonable searches only
e. intervention only to provide medical care
River Justice just graduated from a small private university. He has a double major in
both criminal justice and sociology. He has wanted to be a police officer since he was
five years old, but cannot even seem to get an interview in today’s tough economy.
River has decided to pursue security work until his dream job comes through.
One of River’s new duties includes organizing training for his line security officers. He
was amazed at the credentials of his current staff. He noticed a pattern emerged with
each report he read. Which is most likely not a characteristic he noted:
a. Little education
b. Little training
c. High turnover
d. Low job satisfaction
e. All of these
In criminal trials, most states use juries with _________ members.
a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
d. 12
e. 16
Tom Helms recently moved into a new neighborhood after being found guilty of
statutory rape and indecent liberties with a minor. Tom was sentence to 3 years of
incarceration, which ended up being 18 months and then parole. He has to register as a
sex offender for the rest of his life, even though the said crimes were with his 16 year
old girlfriend and he was 20 at the time of the charges.
When Tom arrived to his new house after work, he found his neighbors picketing in his
front yard and threatening to burn his house down. Why is this happening?
a. the public perception of parolees
b. racism
c. sexism
d. the public perception of inmates
e. none of these
Xiong Sun is a superior court judge who is in the process of deciding the sentences of
three eighteen year old boys who were involved with a drag racing case. When the
officer pulled the boys over for a traffic violation, the driver was legally drunk, the two
passengers were also drunk, and there were open containers of beer in the car. Luckily,
a traffic accident was avoided.
Passenger 2 does not have a record. He is an honor role student who states that he was
just experimenting when he was caught. How should Judge Sun rule?
a. probation
b. parole
c. home confinement
d. day center
e. community service
Which of the following is a frequent criticism of sex offender registration laws?
a. the wrong people can sometimes end up on the registry
b. the list is difficult for the public to find
c. the laws are too lenient on offenders
d. some offenders refuse to be listed
e. the laws discourage vigilantism
This type of judgeship selection involves a nominating commission made up of citizens
and attorneys and sends the names to the governor for selection.
a. partisan election
b. nonpartisan election
c. appointment
d. merit selection
During a recent statewide election voters elected a much more ideologically
conservative state legislature. Over the next couple of years that legislature enacted
several “get tough” laws aimed at restoring capital punishment, creating mandatory
sentences, and removing several options for appeal of the convictions. The legislature
justified these actions by arguing that victims were not being considered strongly
enough in the criminal process and that convicted persons needed to take responsibility
for their crimes.
A foundation of classical criminology is the belief and advocacy of
________________.
a. criminogenics
b. genetic predisposition
c. neurological factors
d. free will
e. all of the above
Officer Jordan Stanley is called to a shoplifting call. Upon arrival, he talks with the
store manager concerning the facts of the case. Apparently, a sixteen year old female
attempted to steal a pair of shoes for an upcoming school event. Officer Stanley writes a
citation and then discusses with the manager how to prevent future cases from
occurring. The manager agrees to implement many of the suggestions.
By writing a citation to the offender, Officer Stanly is practicing:
a. Domestic violence
b. Corruption
c. Discretion
d. Arrest powers
e. Security
These individuals are the leaders of the courtroom team:
a. Prosecutors
b. Defense attorneys
c. Judges
d. Clerks
e. Bailiffs
Of the following crimes, which crime are people least likely to report?
a. Homicide
b. Motor vehicle theft
c. Rape
d. Robbery
e. Aggravated assault
Approximately what percentage of state inmates has not graduated high school prior to
their incarceration?
a. 25
b. 30
c. 40
d. 45
e. 50
Which of the following is not a way to legally conduct a search without a warrant?
a. Special needs
b. Stop and frisk
c. Automobile search
d. Supervisor enforced
e. Witness statement
Which classic study of a police department found that preventative patrol did not
decrease crime, and forced many departments to redesign their crime fighting strategy?
a key factor in solving crimes was:
a. Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment
b. Charlotte Preventative Patrol Experiment
c. Tampa Preventative Patrol Experiment
d. Oakland Preventative Patrol Experiment
e. None of these
The concept of anomie refers to:
a. The process by which offenders are labeled as criminal
b. A breakdown in the rules or norms of a society
c. The biological factors that increase the likelihood of crime
d. Political influences on crime policy
e. The conflict between economic classes
A legal doctrine supporting the idea that so long as a state’s conduct maintains basic
standards of fairness, the Constitution has not been violated.
a. fundamental fairness
b. incorporation
c. actus reus
d. mens rea
e. evil intent
Deputy Nelson is a captain for a jail in the county in which he lives. He has seen many
changes in his twenty-five year career. As he nears retirement, his supervisor wants his
input for changes he would like to see made for the new generation of employees.
Deputy Nelson has the biggest meeting on Monday morning. He is meeting with his
highest supervisor, which would be?
a. sr. captain
b. sergeant
c. sheriff
d. officer
e. corporal
Evidence that would have been discovered even without the need for a warrant can be
admissible under the:
a. good faith exception
b. inevitable discovery rule
c. exclusionary rule
d. silver-platter rule
e. plain view doctrine
Which movement immediately followed the penitentiary movement?
a. the reformatory movement
b. the congregate movement
c. the rehabilitation movement
d. the community corrections movement
e. the communal movement
Some professionals have become concerned about lower-level security workers
because:
a. such positions have a high turnover rate
b. the pay rate is generally low
c. low-level workers may be people who cannot find employment elsewhere
d. all of the above
e. none of these
According to U.S. Department of Justice statistics, which of the following demographic
groups is least likely to become a victim of violent crime?
a. Middle-aged Asian men and women
b. White female juveniles
c. African-American men and women over 65 years of age
d. White men and women over 65 years of age
e. Men and women living on college campuses
According to the text, 95% of the cost of all correctional activities in the U.S. is paid
by:
a. state & local governments
b. the U.S. Correctional Association
c. regional governing associations
d. the federal government
e. police departments
The economic losses from crime where estimated by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in
2008 at about
a. $2 million
b. $10 million
c. $17 million
d. $17 billion
e. $5 trillion
In which role does the judge uphold the rights of the accused in decisions about
detention, plea, trial, and sentence?
a. adjudicator
b. administrator
c. negotiator
d. electoral candidate
e. appellate advocate
Which of the following landmark U. S. Supreme Court cases required courts to provide
attorneys for poor defendants facing the death penalty?
a. Robinson v. California (1962)
b. The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens (1884)
c. Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
d. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
e. Powell v. Alabama (1932)
Why does the NCVS not measure homicide?
a. homicide is excluded from the NCVS as a Part I offense
b. homicide victims cannot be surveyed
c. not all homicides are identified as such, so rates are unreliable
d. homicide is measured by the UCR
e. there is little physical evidence of homicide
These individuals are private business people who are paid fees by defendants who lack
the money to make bail.
a. bond agent
b. bond surety
c. bail bondsman
d. court insurer
e. supplier
Which of the following is an example of an occupational crime?
a. murder
b. espionage
c. illegal drug sales
d. embezzlement
e. prostitution
After September 11th, 2001, an increased focus on fighting terrorism at the national
level has shifted the government’s funding priorities for law enforcement and led to
reorganization of federal agencies.
Officers are expected to use ___________when making choices in ambiguous
situations.
In Robinson v. California (1962), the Supreme Court struck down a law that made it a
crime to be addicted to drugs.
____________________ theory suggests that criminal behavior is the result of the
social definition of certain acts as criminal or deviant.
Offenders serving community service receive small amounts of pay for their work.
Procedural due process requires that accused persons must be tried in accordance with
legal procedures.
_______ _________ designates assistant district attorneys to specific neighborhoods in
order to become known to the community they serve.
Because police usually observe crimes as they occur, they are at an advantage in
quickly arresting offenders.
The ________ of a case will determine where and what court hears the case.
Police officers in the U.S. generally have a higher level of education today than in the
past.
The ____________________ model holds that where someone lives and how a person
spends leisure time determines the likelihood of becoming a victim of crime.
The foundational concept of parole in which the government may continue to
incarcerate the prisoner but instead extends the privilege of release, is known as
____________________.
Police officers must be in marked police cars when making traffic stops.
The ________________________ Act of 1984 authorized the use of preventive
detention in cases where the accused placed the public at great risk of harm.
The role of a defense attorney is often skewed in the media, which leaves many
thinking that defense attorneys are extremely wealthy and do everything in their power
to prevent their defendant from being found guilty. The reality is quite different.
Explain what the role of an effective defense attorney is? Should a defense attorney be
able to represent a suspect who they know is guilty? Why or why not?
Answer:Responses will vary