How can corporations that offer private security recruit qualified applicants? Is it
necessary to require a college education to work within such a field? Is private security
a viable career path outside of law enforcement?
Answer:Responses will vary
Should those individuals who have served time and later found wrongfully convicted
have reparations paid to them by the governmental body who wrongly incarcerated
them? Can you place a monetary value on the loss of freedom?
State parole boards are typically composed of citizens who are appointed for fixed
terms in office by the ________.
Parole board hearings and interviews are much less _________than court proceedings.
Crime _______ have become much more important participants in the parole decision
process in recent decades.
All halfway houses are operated by state administrative agencies.
The NCVS incorporates a survey of businesses to assess their rate of victimization.
Research findings have indicated that there is little difference in outcomes between
private attorneys, public defenders, contract counsel and assigned counsel.
Jails are operated locally by elected officials.
The FBI is typically involved in criminal cases where stolen property is likely to be
moved across state lines.
Immigrants from Southeast Asia make up the fastest growing minority group in the U.S.
More than half of convicted offenders are supervised in the community.
One problem for probation officers is their heavy caseload.
The concept of “grace” refers to the agreement between the government and the
prisoner to abide by certain conditions of release.
Most incidents of cyber attacks against businesses are reported to law enforcement
authorities.
Which of the following indicates that for a crime to occur there must be an act of
commission or omission by the accused?
a. mens rea
b. inchoate offense
c. Defamation
d. actus reus
e. Concurrence
Approach to crime fighting using detailed crime statistics and forcing police supervisors
to meet to plan goals for crime prevention purposes.
a. Crime Stat
b. Policeone
c. Crime fighter Stat
d. Compstat
e. Crime data
The current orientation of probation is best described as:
a. risk management
b. retribution
c. incapacitation
d. moral leadership
e. therapeutic counseling
The police function that includes the familiar sight of uniformed and armed officers on
call 24 hours a day, also called the backbone of police operations:
a. patrol
b. sergeant
c. corporal
d. lieutenant
e. captain
Drug enforcement in large cities often combat organized crime and gangs involved in
drug abuse with this type of patrol.
a. preventative
b. routine
c. aggressive
d. proactive
e. reactive
Probation was first developed in the United States by this boot maker:
a. Caesare Lombroso
b. Jeremy Bentham
c. James Q Wilson
d. Travis Hirchi
e. John Augustus
Which type of defense involves an individual’s action, which is socially acceptable
under the circumstances despite causing harm that the law would otherwise seek to
prevent.
a. excuse defense
b. justification defense
c. procedural defense
d. civil defense
e. necessity defense
Which of the following is not a method used by the United States government to avoid
monetary counterfeiting?
a. A security thread embedded in the paper
b. Ridges in the paper that allow one to “feel” the amount of the bill with their fingers
c. A watermark including the portrait of the figure on the bill
d. Microprinting that is hard to imitate
e. Optically variable ink
The determination of whether or not a defendant is guilty is known as:
a. Adjudication
b. Indictment
c. Booking
d. Information
e. Arraignment
The process of events from the arrest of a suspect to the filing of formal charges with
the court:
a. criminal justice
b. accusatory
c. dual court
d. due process
The Federal Bureau of Investigation rose to prominence under the leadership of:
a. James Q. Wilson
b. Franklin Roosevelt
c. Sir Robert Peel
d. J. Edgar Hoover
e. Henry Fielding
The probationer’s failure to abide by the rules and conditions of probation results in
this:
a. petty violation
b. technical violation
c. major violation
d. male in se violation
e. motion violation
What is another, term that may be applied to “other conditional release”?
a. mandatory parole
b. mandatory release
c. discretionary release
d. discretionary parole
e. selective release
17% of the estimated 30,000 individuals detained by Immigrations and Customs
Enforcement and US Department of Homeland Security are held in these facilities:
a. private prisons
b. public prisons
c. federal prisons
d. county jails
e. district jails
In which of the following systems does a court administrator oversee the appointment
of counsel?
a. An ad hoc assignment system
b. An ad hoc contract system
c. A coordinated contract system
d. A coordinated assignment system
e. A public defender system
In the 40 most populous counties in the United States, the percentage of juvenile felony
defendants that who are African-American is about:
a. ten percent
b. twenty percent
c. forty percent
d. sixty percent
e. ninety percent
The practice under which judges grant release if the defendant is employed and has
roots in the community is known as:
a. citation
b. preventive detention
c. release on recognizance
d. preventive assumption
e. probable cause
An attorney may remove a prospective juror without giving a reason using which of the
following?
a. challenge for cause
b. peremptory challenge
c. judicial prerogative
d. motion
e. exclusionary rule
Which of the following is an example of the police providing social services?
a. intervening in violent domestic disputes
b. arresting persons dangerous to the community
c. checking warrants in traffic stops
d. providing first aid to a car accident victim
e. all of these are examples of police providing social services
What percentage of offenders were sentenced to probation after being found guilty of a
felony?
a. 20
b. 30
c. 40
d. 50
e. 60
The development of this technology has increased the number of people exonerated
after being convicted:
a. DNA
b. NCN
c. AMA
d. NRA
e. AARP
Officers who participate in widespread corruption including drug smuggling, money
laundering, etc.
a. grass eaters
b. meat eaters
c. code of conduct
d. hazing
e. payoffs
The federal government uses a fingerprint data system called:
a. CODIS
b. GIS
c. IAFIS
d. NIJ
e. NCVS
Which of the following US Supreme Court Justices was added to the bench in 2009?
a. Roberts
b. Alito
c. Kennedy
d. Sotomayor
e. Ginsburg
According to Cole and Smith, which is not an explanation for the recent drop in both
violent and property crime?
a. the aging of the baby boomers
b. increased use of security systems
c. a dramatic decline in the use of crack cocaine
d. greater awareness of the societal costs of crime
e. aggressive police efforts to keep handguns off the streets
Which of the following statements about search warrants is false?
a. Police officers must provide reliable information when obtaining a search warrant.
b. Police officers must identify the “things” to be searched.
c. Police officers are allowed to conduct warrantless searches under certain
circumstances.
d. Police officers cannot admit evidence into court if they gather evidence using an
illegal search warrant.
e. Police officers need a search warrant even if a person waives his or her Fourth
Amendment rights.
Which of the following rewards would an inmate new to the prison be expected to earn
for good behavior?
a. Furloughs
b. Work release
c. A favorable job assignment
d. Transfer to a halfway house
e. An educational release program
Bob Campbell has been charged with a series of bank robberies over the last year. He
has been unemployed and feels as though he had no other recourse than to resort to
theft. Mr. Campbell does not have a prior record.
Based upon the type of crime Mr. Campbell has committed, what court has jurisdiction
over this case.
a. mental health court
b. federal courts
c. appellate courts
d. magistrate courts
Which of the following individuals would not be considered part of the local legal
culture?
a. bailiff
b. judge
c. attorney
d. clerks
e. criminal defendant
Which of the following is not cited in your text as a potential reason for the increase in
the U.S. prison population?
a. the War on Drugs
b. prison construction
c. increased arrests
d. state politics
e. all of these are cited
Public opinion surveys have indicated that Americans would like courts to focus more
on protection of rights than guaranteeing offenders are punished.
While inmates are most likely to be African-American, officers are most likely to be
white.
_________ developed the first statewide probation system in 1880.
United States courts use the adversarial process to determine guilt in a criminal court.
Studies indicate that _______ percent of those sentenced to probation had been
assigned that punishment upon conviction for a felony.
The Supreme Court expanded police authority by permitting officers to rely on reports
from _______ _______ as the basis for conducting a stop and frisk search.
If an offender is released early for positive behavior, it is known as
____________________.
The state’s governor appoints most local prosecutors.
The basic principles of the Pennsylvania System included an emphasis upon the social
interaction among prisoners.
Increasing restrictions on parolees also affect their families and communities.
Many judges take large pay cuts to sit on the bench.
Discretionary release affects other aspects of the system, including sentencing, plea
bargaining, and the size of prison populations.
Criminal offenders can sometimes be identified through the DNA of family members if
their own DNA is not available for testing.
The process during which the rules, symbols, and values of a group or subculture are
learned by its members is known as ____________________.
The temporary release of an inmate for a visit home is known as a(n)
____________________.
Compare and contrast six of the major court cases listed in this chapter. Which cases
ruled in favor of law enforcement? Which cases ruled in favor of individual rights?
Answer:Responses will vary
The development of DNA technology has increased the number of people exonerated
after being convicted.
Why would someone choose to work in the public defender’s office? Does this type of
work draw a certain individual to work in such an office? What do feel the turnover rate
would be?4
Answer:Responses will vary
The _______ ________ guarantees the right of the people to be secure in their person,
houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures.
Among all males in the United States the crime-prone demographic group is determined
by _______.