Which of the following statements about measurements of police productivity is true?
a. Clearance rate is the most effective measure of police productivity.
b. Crime rate is the most effective measure of police productivity.
c. Clearance rate and crime rate together provide an accurate picture of police
productivity.
d. Clearance rate and crime rate do not give an accurate picture of police productivity.
e. Police productivity can be accurately calculated using a city’s population, crime level,
and the size of the police force.
For which claimed freedom or right have prisoners been least successful in persuading
federal courts to provide protection?
a. freedom of speech
b. freedom of religion
c. right against unreasonable search and seizure
d. right against cruel and unusual punishment
e. right to equal protection
According to John DiIulio, a good prison is one that “provides as much order, amenity,
and:
a. punishment.
b. retribution.
c. service.
d. rehabilitation.
e. authority.
Which of the following is a vice offense?
a. Assault
b. Traffic violations
c. Arson
d. Auto theft
e. Prostitution
Which of the following statements does not reflect a principle of the separate
confinement system?
a. Solitary confinement would prevent further corruption inside prison.
b. Prisoners would be treated vengefully for their offenses.
c. Having prisoners in a solitary confinement system would be economical.
d. In isolation, prisoners can reflect on their transgressions.
e. Because human beings are naturally social, solitary confinement serves as
punishment.
Which of the following is considered a form of new weapons technology?
a. a taser
b. a handgun
c. pepper spray
d. martial arts
e. a nightstick
David Thompson has just been arrested and charged with arson. This is his third charge
within the last four years. He has just recently completed probation from his last charge.
David is concerned that he may not have enough cash to make bail
David is unable to locate the required money for his release. He will be forced to spend
his time awaiting trial in:
a. pretrial detention
b. prison
c. probation
d. pre-trial release
e. parole
Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in biological explanations of crime?
a. Free will
b. Nutrition
c. Genetic predisposition
d. IQ
e. Neurology
Jean Luetin sets on the governor’s committee on corrections and community welfare.
She is to work with this panel to decrease the state’s prison population. She and the
other board members do not see things eye to eye. Ms. Luetin feels that this is going to
be quite the challenge, but will take advantage of every opportunity to improve the
correctional facility.
Both Ms. Luetin and the board determine that they must set up intensive counseling in
prison of both sexes and even juveniles to assist in fighting one of the largest prison
population problems, which is:
a. gambling
b. drugs
c. rape
d. incest
e. murder
Penitentiary system in which each inmate was held in isolation during the night but
worked with inmates during the day.
a. New York System
b. Pennsylvania System
c. California System
d. Florida System
e. Virginia System
Use of the death penalty is best described by which philosophy of punishment?
a. incapacitation
b. special deterrence
c. rehabilitation
d. retribution
e. general deterrence
To obtain an arrest warrant, police must demonstrate:
a. reasonable expectation
b. reasonable suspicion
c. probable cause
d. the exclusionary rule
e. preponderance of the evidence
Jordan Snow has served 15 years of a 25 year sentence for first degree rape. He was 20
when he was originally sentenced. Jordan had a previous charge of larceny, which the
judge had to include during the rape sentencing. Jordan has always stated that he is
innocent and one day he would prove it.
Because the judge was forced to use Jordan’s previous record in his sentence, Jordan
was most likely sentenced using:
a. sentencing guidelines
b. sentencing guidelines
c. mandatory sentencing
d. indeterminate sentencing
e. secure sentencing
Which of the following falls into the category of cyber-crime?
a. using a computer to steal someone’s identity
b. hacking into a bank computer to withdraw money from someone else’s account
c. soliciting minors online for sex
d. spamming Internet email accounts for false donations.
e. all of these
In the American system of federalism, which level of government is solely responsible
for the administration of criminal justice?
a. City governments
b. City and county partnerships
c. State governments
d. Federal government
e. No single level of government is solely responsible
Officers who partake in a wide range of practices including abusive language, physical
force, and/or violence are guilty of:
a. police brutality
b. less lethal force
c. racial disparity
d. profiling
e. prejudice
Parolees who are behaving according to their conditions of release may be adjusted to:
a. jail time
b. house arrest
c. home confinement
d. shock probation
e. reduced surveillance
Complaints received by IC3 from the public are related to:
a. Homicide
b. Bank robbery
c. Errors made in DNA analysis
d. Counterfeiting
e. Cyber crime
Which of the following is not a function performed by juries?
a. serving as a buffer between accused and accuser
b. determining whether the accused is guilty on the basis of evidence presented
c. promoting knowledge about the criminal justice system
d. symbolizing the rule of law
e. deciding whether evidence was collected correctly by police
In order for a stop to be permissible, officers must have:
a. Reasonable suspicion
b. Probable cause
c. Hunch
d. Preponderance
e. Doubt
The US Supreme Court ruled that an individual who is developmentally disabled could
not receive the death penalty.4
a. Furman v. Georgia (1972)
b. Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
c. McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)
d. Payne v. Tennessee (1991)
e. Atkins v. Virginia (2002)
The US Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty did not violate the equal protection
clause due to racial discrimination.
a. Furman v. Georgia (1972)
b. Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
c. McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)
d. Payne v. Tennessee (1991)
e. Ford v. Wainwright (1986)
In North Carolina v. Alford (1970), the Court ruled that:
a. when a guilty plea rests on a promise of a prosecutor, it must be fulfilled
b. defendants must uphold the plea agreement or suffer the consequences
c. a plea of guilty may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentence by a defendant
who maintains his or her innocence
d. defendants must state that they are voluntarily making a plea of guilty
e. preventive detention can be issued in cases involving juveniles
State courts of last resort are usually called:
a. Trial courts
b. Misdemeanor courts
c. Trial courts of general jurisdiction
d. Supreme courts
e. Trial courts of limited jurisdiction
Crimes that are committed by groups with a defined organizational structure and
hierarchy are known as:
a. political crimes
b. crimes without victims
c. visible crimes
d. organized crimes
e. occupational crimes
The two justice systems in the United States are:
a. Local and county
b. County and state
c. State and federal
d. Federal and international
e. Local and federal
This case stated that prison officials have the authority to search cells and confiscate
any materials found.
a. Cooper v. Pate (1964)
b. Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York (1978)
c. Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973)
d. Hudson v. Palmer (1984)
e. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
Which of the following is not a type of stress experienced by police officers?
a. Departmental
b. External
c. Personal
d. Operational
e. Organization
The process during which the prosecution shares information with the defense is known
as:
a. nolle prosequi
b. legal sufficiency
c. probable cause
d. discovery
e. deposition
____________ theories draw from multiple disciplines with differing perspectives to
create a larger model for explaining criminal behavior:
a. Integrated
b. Strain
c. Control
d. Psychological
e. Life course
_________ ________, with its focus on community-based crime prevention, has
required a major shift in the philosophy of policing.
Based on the definition of occupational crime, would the abuse of a suspect in a police
station be considered an occupational crime or a visible crime? Does this mean we
should blame the government or the individual for such an offense?
Answer:Responses will vary
The bail bondsperson is a non-profit actor within the criminal justice system.
_________ __ ___ ______ occurs when officers violate departmental policy and /or
constitutional rights by exceeding the level of force permissible and necessary in a
given situation.
_____ ____ _____ determined that when officers relied in good faith on a warrant, the
evidence will not be excluded even if the warrant was issued improperly.
Critics of the USA Patriot Act claim that the Act infringes on individual rights and may
even violate the United States Constitution. Do you agree with these critics? Does the
Patriot Act help to keep our country safer? Support your answer with material from the
text.
Answer:Responses will vary
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of elderly prisoners over the
age of 55 in the U.S.
______ _______ ______ is when officers are deployed based upon results from social
science studies.
Police officers must establish ____________________ to obtain a warrant.
Morris and Tonry have stated that intermediate sanctions are rarely used in the United
States, and judges tend to rely mostly on incarceration and probation. Discuss some of
the reasons judges in the U.S. tend to have an “all or nothing” mentality regarding
correctional options.
Answer:Responses will vary
Compare and contrast both self-defense and necessity. Write a scenario for each defense
that would justify its use. Determine if society is in support of both defenses.
Answer:Responses will vary
Race is a key factor in exposure to crime, in that White citizens are more likely to be
victimized than Black citizens.
The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision is referred to as
____________________ release.
Explain a citizen’s right to a reasonable expectation of privacy. Where does law
enforcement draw the line at aerial searches, analyzing electric bills, or at the curtilage?
Answer:Responses will vary
When offenders are finally released on parole, many have a difficult time adjusting to
the outside world.
In some states, individuals whose names appear on the sex offender registry have
committed very low-level offenses.