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978-1259690877 Chapter 1
IM – 1 | 1 Chapter 1 Don’t Believe Everything You Think Chapter Recap People think critically when they evaluate reasoning used in coming to conclusions. Conclusions are beliefs; when they are expressed using true-or-false declarative sentences, they are claims […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 10 Part 1
IM – 10 | 1 Chapter 10 Deductive Arguments II Truth–Functional Logic When students first confront truth-functional logic, some recoil from the symbolizations. They get the idea that there will be a lot to memorize—an idea that can cause trouble […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 10 Part 2
IM – 10 | 15 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 18. 16, 17, CA Exercise 10-16 There is usually more than one way to do […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 11 Part 1
IM – 11 | 1 Chapter 11 Inductive Reasoning Chapter Recap • An argument from an analogy is an argument that something has an attribute because a similar thing has that attribute. • Thinking critically about arguments from analogy involves […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 11 Part 2
IM – 11 | 12 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 9. Argument 10. ▲Causal statement (behavioral variety) Exercise 11-26 1. ▲Implies cause and effect 2. […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 12
IM – 1 | 1 Chapter 12 Moral, Legal, and Aesthetic Reasoning Chapter Recap The key points in this chapter are as follows: • Value judgments are claims that express values. • Moral value judgments express moral values. • Certain […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 2 Part 1
IM – 2 | 1 Chapter 2 Two Kinds of Reasoning Chapter Recap The main ideas of the chapter are as follows: • Arguments always have two parts, a premise (or premises) and a conclusion. • The same statement can […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 2 Part 2
IM – 2 | 14 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 3. a 4. ▲b 5. a Exercise 2-17 1. ▲ 1. Your distributor is the […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 3
IM – 3 | 1 Chapter 3 Clear Thinking, Critical Thinking, and Clear Writing The material here is important, but it’s fun too. Students seem to like working with it, and they seem to have very little trouble understanding it. […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 4
IM – 4 | 1 Chapter 4 Credibility Chapter Recap This list summarizes the topics covered in this chapter. • Claims lack credibility to the extent they conflict with our observations, experience, or background information, or come from sources that […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 5
IM – 5 | 1 Chapter 5 Rhetoric, the Art of Persuasion Chapter Recap Things to remember from this chapter: • Persuasion attempts to win someone to one’s own point of view. • Rhetoric seeks to persuade through the rhetorical […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 6
IM – 6 | 1 Copyright ©2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 6 Relevance (Red Herring) Fallacies Chapter Recap The fallacies in this chapter are relevance fallacies—arguments […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 7
IM – 7 | 1 Chapter 7 Induction Fallacies Chapter Recap The fallacies in this chapter are inductive fallacies—arguments that offer at best only weak support for their conclusions. We specifically examined the following: • Hasty generalization—generalizing from too few […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 8
IM – 8 | 1 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 8 Formal Fallacies and Fallacies of Language Chapter Recap In this chapter, fallacies and […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 9 Part 1
IM – 9 | 1 Chapter 9 Deductive Arguments I Categorical Logic Some students find the “logic” section of courses much more to their liking than the rest. Others suffer paroxysms and loss of breath when they open the book […]
978-1259690877 Chapter 9 Part 2
IM – 9 | 16 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Some arguments with false premises are valid arguments. Some valid arguments are not sound arguments. […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 1 Part 1
Chapter 01 Don’t Believe Everything You Think Answer Key Short Answer Questions 1. Determine whether the following passage is (or contains) an argument. Will a beverage begin to cool more quickly in the freezer or in the regular part of […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 1 Part 2
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 46. Determine whether the following passage contains an argument; if it does, identify the main issue. “A witty experiment by […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 1 Part 3
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 81. Identify for which claims, if any, support has been given in the following passage; and state in your own […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 1 Part 4
1-53 96. “The president’s basic problem, in my opinion, is that she is too unemotional. She makes all her decisions on cold logic and seems to ignore the human dimension. If you don’t believe me, I offer as proof the […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 10 Part 1
Chapter 10 Deductive Arguments II Answer Key Short Answer Questions 1. Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: “If we plant from seed, we’ll have to plant annuals.” A = We plant annuals. S = We plant from seed. […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 10 Part 2
10–21 46. Determine which of the lettered claims below is equivalent to the following: The gun can be sold even though it has no trigger lock. (This can be easy to do if you symbolize the claims first and have […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 10 Part 3
84. Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction. ~P → (Q & R) P → ~S Q v R/∴ ~S Invalid. P = F Q = T […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 10 Part 4
10–56 107. Determine whether the following is valid or invalid: In a class like this, it’s necessary to work a lot of problems on your own in order to be familiar with the material, and such familiarity is necessary to […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 11 Part 1
Chapter 11 Inductive Reasoning Answer Key Short Answer Questions 1. Make this inductive (statistical) syllogism into a strong argument by supplying an appropriate premise or conclusion: Greg must be into all that New Age stuff since he wears his hair […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 11 Part 2
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 44. Johnson is hired by a company to see if a new product, Topocal, will cause hair to grow on […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 11 Part 3
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 84. Evaluate the following generalization(s), identifying sample, population, attribute of interest, and the extent to which the claims involved are […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 11 Part 4
105. Evaluate the following generalization(s), identifying sample, population, attribute of interest, and the extent to which the claims involved are knowable. Consider carefully the size and diversification of the sample and the extent to which the population differs or may […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 11 Part 5
135. Evaluate the following argument in accordance with the criteria discussed in the text. The packages that we gave our friend Debbie are undamaged, while the packages we sent through Ted suffered damage. We learned a lesson: Don’t let Ted […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 11 Part 6
11–100 164. Analyze the following study according to the criteria set by your instructor: A study from the University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School suggests, says psychologist David E. Schotte, coauthor of the study, “that dieters have to learn to […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 12 Part 1
Chapter 12 Moral, Legal, and Aesthetic Reasoning Answer Key Short Answer Questions 1. State whether the following item expresses moral value or nonmoral value; or no value at all. Morgan is old enough to understand the consequences of not paying […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 12 Part 2
12–21 54. For the following, try to come up with an additional premise that will turn the passage into a deductively valid or an inductively strong argument. Usually this requires adding a general moral principle and, sometimes, an extra nonmoral […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 12 Part 3
12–41 93. Suppose that the following pair of statements appears in a review of the same work of art. Identify which of the aesthetic principles referred to in the text each statement in the pair appeals to. Then state whether […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 12 Part 4
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 130. Read the selection entitled “Bonnie and Clyde” in the back of the book. Write an essay to determine whether […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 2 Part 1
Chapter 02 Two Kinds of Reasoning Answer Key Short Answer Questions 1. Identify the following passage as containing an argument, two arguments, or no argument; if it contains an argument, identify the conclusion(s); and, if it contains two arguments, indicate […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 2 Part 2
46. Analyze the argument passage below, addressing the following as appropriate: specify the issues addressed; identify premises and conclusions; classify as inductive or deductive; supply missing premises; separate arguments from window dressing; identify claims better left unstated. The almond trees […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 3 Part 1
Chapter 03 Clear Thinking, Critical Thinking, and Clear Writing Answer Key Short Answer Questions 1. For the following, indicate whether the definition given is by example, by synonym, or analytical: A loquacious person is a talkative one. By synonym. 2. […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 3 Part 2
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 68. Determine whether the following claim is too vague in the context that is stated or implied: One father, speaking […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 3 Part 3
136. Define “humble” by synonyms, using one synonym that carries a complimentary meaning and one that carries a derogatory emotive meaning. Our suggestions: docile; wimpy. 137. Define “decayed” by synonyms, using one synonym that carries a complimentary meaning and one […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 3 Part 4
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 176. Identify any unnecessary and potentially offensive references to gender, race, or other features in the following passage and, as […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 3 Part 5
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 224. Evaluate the following claim, paying particular attention to problems of clarity. Note that claims may also present problems of […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 3 Part 6
3-101 278. Exercise: In a paper written for another class, find a sentence or passage that is too vague for its context. Answers will vary 279. A) Find an example in a newspaper or newsmagazine of a sentence or passage […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 3 Part 7
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 305. Classify the following: “ Loquacious means talkative.” A. definition by example B. definition by synonym C. analytical definition Accessibility: […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 4 Part 1
Chapter 04 Credibility Answer Key Short Answer Questions 1. Assess the following as probably true, as probably false, as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 4 Part 2
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 35. Assess the following as probably true, as probably false, as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 4 Part 3
4-41 74. For the following issue, discuss which source you’d trust more, and give at least one reason why. You may want to add to or otherwise modify our list of sources. And do keep in mind that we are […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 4 Part 4
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 89. Whom would you trust as most reliable? Discuss the credibility and authority of each individual or group listed with […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 5 Part 1
Chapter 05 Rhetoric, the Art of Persuasion Answer Key Essay Questions 1. Isolate and discuss the rhetorical devices that appear in the following passage: Not everyone thinks that [former] Senator Jesse Helms is the least admired American public figure (as […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 5 Part 2
5-21 45. Isolate and discuss the rhetorical devices that appear in the following passage: “[The CIA] instructed security forces in Uruguay, demonstrating torture techniques on beggars taken off the street. These activities, and many hundreds more like them, have been […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 5 Part 3
5-41 78. A) Discuss any instances of nonargumentative persuasion or pseudoreasoning and explain any slanting techniques you find in the following passage. B) Rewrite the passage in language that is as emotively neutral as possible but still retains the same […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 6 Part 1
Chapter 06 Relevance (Red Herring) Fallacies Answer Key Short Answer Questions 1. Identify any fallacies in the following passage either by naming them or, where they seem not to conform to any of the patterns described in the text, by […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 6 Part 2
41. Identify any fallacies in the following passage either by naming them or, where they seem not to conform to any of the patterns described in the text, by giving a brief explanation of why the fallacious reasoning is irrelevant […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 6 Part 3
6-41 81. Identify any fallacies in the following passage either by naming them or, where they seem not to conform to any of the patterns described in the text, by giving a brief explanation of why the fallacious reasoning is […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 6 Part 4
6-61 119. Identify any fallacies in the following passage. “We beat the prices of our competitors. We would not say this if it weren’t true.” Begging the question. 120. Identify any fallacies in the following passage. “Of course we should […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 6 Part 5
6-75 161. Identify any fallacies in the following passage. “To me, she doesn’t make any sense. She’s just another airhead trying to impress the guys.” Ad hominem. 162. Identify any fallacies in the following passage. “The Sims just have to […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 7 Part 1
Chapter 07 Induction Fallacies Answer Key Short Answer Questions 1. Identify the type of fallacy in the following passage. Housing is far too expensive in this country. Why, the median price of a home in most of California is now […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 7 Part 2
54. Identify the type of fallacy in the following passage. “Jeremy died shortly after the chemotherapy treatments; I’m convinced it was the chemo that killed him.” Post hoc . 55. Identify the type of fallacy in the following passage. “There’s […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 7 Part 3
101. Identify any fallacies in the following passage either by naming them or, where they seem not to conform to any of the patterns described in the text, by giving a brief explanation of why the fallacious reasoning is irrelevant […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 8
Chapter 08 Formal Fallacies and Fallacies of Language Answer Key Short Answer Questions 8-1 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1. Identify any formal fallacies or […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 9 Part 1
Chapter 09 Deductive Arguments I Answer Key Short Answer Questions 1. Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim: Not every product that’s organic is actually a chemical-free product. Some organic products are not chemical-free products. 2. Translate the following […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 9 Part 2
9-21 59. Using the items in Exercise 9-12 in your text as examples, determine the truth value of the second claim (below) based on that given for the first claim. Translation into standard form may be required. a. Not everybody […]
978-1259690877 Test Bank Chapter 9 Part 3
83. Reconstruct the following as a standard-form syllogism, and determine whether it is valid. None of the southern provinces of Spain were outside the control of the Moors before the end of the fifteenth century. So all the provinces of […]