Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography 9th Edition

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 1 Essentials of Geography1.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) "Geography" literally meansA) place memorization.B) the study of rocks.C) map making.D) to write (about) Earth.Answer: DDiff: 1Chapter/section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 01. How to use maps and other geographic representations,

59) A degree of longitude at the equator is roughly________ in length. A degree of longitude atthe poles is ________ in lengthA) 111 km; 111 kmB) 0 km; 111 kmC) 111 km; 0 kmD) 0 km; 56 kmE) 56 km; 0 kmAnswer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 1.3 Location and Time on EarthBloom's

114) Remote sensing isA) a subjective determination of temperature.B) the monitoring of a distant object without physical contact.C) an earthbound technique not used in modern satellites.D) based on the principle that surfaces must be physically handled and directly measured forstudy.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 1.5 Modern Tools and Techniques for GeoscienceBloom's Taxonomy:

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 10 Global Climate Systems10.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) An area defined by characteristic, long-term weather patterns is calledA) a biome.B) an average weather place.C) an ecosystem.D) a climatic region.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 10.1 Review of Earth's Climate SystemBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The

58)This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?A) MediterraneanB) tropical rain forestC) tropical savannaD) marine west coastAnswer: BDiff: 3Chapter/section: 10.2 Classifying Earth's ClimatesBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 10.6 Discuss the subcategories of the six world climate groups, including their

80)This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?A) tropical rain forestB) subtropical hot desertC) humid subtropical hot-summerD) marine west coastAnswer: BDiff: 3Chapter/section: 10.2 Classifying Earth's ClimatesBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 10.6 Discuss the subcategories of the six world climate

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 11 Climate Change11.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) The interdisciplinary study of the causes and consequences of changing climate for all Earthsystems and the sustainability of human societies isA) climate change science.B) meteorology.C) paleoclimatology.D) climate policy.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 11.1 Population Growth and Fossil Fuels-The

56)Which of the following gases accounts for the largest amount of radiative forcing?A) carbon dioxide (CO2)B) nitrous oxides (N2O)C) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)D) methane (CH4)Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 11.6 Cause of Present Climate ChangeBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 14. How human actions modify the physical environmentGlobal Sci. LO: 3. Read and interpret graphs

19) The use of tree rings to study past climates is known as dendroclimatology.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 11.2 Deciphering Past ClimatesBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 11.1 Describe scientific tools used to study paleoclimatology.20) Speleothems, like trees, have growth rings whose

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 12 The Dynamic Planet12.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Which of the following is incorrectly matched?A) endogenic — internal processesB) exogenic — external processesC) radioactive decay heat — exogenic energy sourceD) weathering — exogenic breaking and dissolving the crustAnswer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 12.1 The Pace

54) Continental crust is basically ________, whereas oceanic crust is basically ________.A) thin; thickB) basalt; graniteC) granite; basaltD) sima; sialAnswer: CDiff: 3Chapter/section: 12.2 Earth's Structure and Internal EnergyBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 12.3 Depict Earth's interior in cross section,

110) Areas of crustral collision and subduction occur alongA) divergent boundaries.B) areas of seafloor spreading.C) transform boundaries.D) convergent boundaries.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 12.4 Plate TectonicsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 12.6 Explain the physical evidence that crustal drifting is continuing today.111)

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 13 Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism13.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Vertical elevation differences in a local landscape are referred to asA) relief.B) an order of relief.C) topography.D) crust.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 13.1 Earth's Surface Relief FeaturesBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that

49) A ________ occurs when the fault plane forms a low angle relative to the horizontal,resulting in the overlying block being shifted over the underlying.A) lateral faultB) thrust faultC) normal faultD) strike-slip faultAnswer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 13.3 Crustal DeformationBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns

95) Volcanoes formed from silica-rich magmaA) have gently sloping surfaces that give them the appearance of a shield.B) are highly explosive and dangerous.C) are associated with midocean ridges.D) are associated with rift zones.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 13.6 VolcanismBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 14 Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement14.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution oflandforms isA) geology.B) geography.C) geomorphology.D) environmental chemistry.Answer: CDiff: 1Chapter/section: 14.1 Landmass DenudationBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes

55) Continuing dissolution and collapse may lead the the coalescing of sinkholes to form aA) disappearing stream.B) rise.C) doline.D) karst valley.Answer: DDiff: 1Chapter/section: 14.3 Karst Topography and LandscapesBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 14.6 Review the processes and features associated

14.2 True/False Questions1) The dynamic equilibrium model considers the balance between endogenic and exogenicprocesses.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 14.1 Landmass DenudationBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 14.1 Describe the dynamic equilibrium approach to the study of landforms, and illustratethe forces at work

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 15 River Systems and Landforms15.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Processes that are related expressly to streams and rivers are termedA) fluvial.B) geomorphic.C) lemnetic.D) lotic.Answer: ADiff: 1Chapter/section: 15.1 Drainage Basins and Drainage PatternsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the

A) bed load.B) suspended load.C) dissolved load.D) flow load.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 15.3 Fluvial Processes and LandformsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 15.5 Explain the processes involved in fluvial erosion and sediment transport.48) The largest material that can be carried by

94) ________ streams are not connected to groundwater systems and only flow afterprecipitation events.A) PerennialB) IntermittentC) EphemeralD) TemporaryAnswer: CDiff: 3Chapter/section: 15.3 Fluvial Processes and LandformsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 15.4 Describe the relationship between stream velocity, depth, width, and

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 16 The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Wind Processes16.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Approximately what percentage of the world's population lives near the ocean?A) 33%B) 25%C) 40%D) 70%Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/section: 16.1 Global Oceans and SeasBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that

54) Human intervention along a coastline intended to interrupt beach drift can include all of thefollowing exceptA) tombolos.B) jetties.C) breakwaters.D) groins.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 16.4 Coastal System OutputsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 16.7 Describe barrier beaches and islands and their

17) Determining mean sea level requires measurement of tidal levels hourly for at least a periodof several years.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 16.2 Coastal System ComponentsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionLO: 16.3 Define mean sea level.18) Changing tides are not of geomorphic significance along coastlines.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 16.3 Coastal System ActionsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionLO:

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 17 Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms17.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Approximately, what percentage of the Earth's freshwater is frozen?A) 10%B) 25%C) 50%D) 75%Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 17.1 Snow into Ice-The Basis of GlaciersBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape

71) Glaciation can take about ________ years, whereas deglaciation requires about ________years.A) 1000; 100B) 100; 1000C) 100,000; 10,000D) 10,000; 90,000Answer: CDiff: 3Chapter/section: 17.6 The Pleistocene EpochBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionLO: 17.6 Describe landscapes of the Pleistocene ice-age epoch.72) The 10°C (50°F) isotherm for July is used as the environmental criteria to

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 18 The Geography of Soils18.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Which of the following best describes soil?A) Soil is composed of solely mineral fragments less than 2 mm in size.B) Soil lacks biological material.C) Soil is a renewable resource.D) Soil is a dynamic natural

58) In which of the following areas would one likely find Oxisols?A) higher latitudes, especially areas dominated by permafrostB) tropical regionsC) in mountainous areas with steep slopesD) primarily in grasslandsAnswer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 18.4 Soil ClassificationBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO:

11) Each differing and distinct mineral and organic strata within a soil column is called ahorizon.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 18.1 Soil Formation Factors and Soil ProfilesBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 18.4 Describe the horizons of a typical soil profile.12) The

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 19 Ecosystem Essentials19.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) A self-regulating association of living plants and animals and their nonliving physicalenvironment is termed a(n)A) ecosystem.B) ecotone.C) community.D) niche.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 19.1 Energy Flows and Nutrient CyclesBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 08. The characteristics and spatial

59)The snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) is a specialist that feeds on only one specific type of snail.By comparison, the Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) is a generalist that feeds on diverse foodsources. Whereas the snail kite has a very limited range, the Mallard Duck has a very broadrange. The snail kite's

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 2 Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons2.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Which of the following is true?A) The Sun is the largest star in the Milky Way Galaxy.B) The Milky Way is part of our Solar System.C) The Sun produces energy through

59)Which of the following is true for the March Equinox?A) The subsolar point is at the equator.B) The subsolar point is at the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N).C) The subsolar point is at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S).D) The subsolar point is at the Prime Meridian.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 2.3

the Galaxy.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 2.1 The Solar System, Sun, and EarthBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 2.3 Summarize the origin, formation, and development of Earth.13) The distance from the Sun to Earth does not vary throughout the year.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section:

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 20 Terrestrial Biomes20.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Which of the following is true about the distribution of the Earth's biodiversity?A) There is a universally accepted manner to delineate the Earth's biodiversity.B) In general, there tends to be greater biodiversity at higher latitudes than

49) Which of the following soil types is most associated with the tallgrass prairie (midlatitudegrassland)?A) MollisolsB) SpodosolsC) OxisolsD) AndisolsAnswer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 20.3 Earth's Terrestrial BiomesBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 08. The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes ofearth's surfaceLO: 20.4 Summarize the characteristics of Earth's 10 major terrestrial

20) Tropical savannas are treeless areas in the equatorial region.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 20.3 Earth's Terrestrial BiomesBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 08. The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and biomes ofearth's surfaceLO: 20.4 Summarize the characteristics of Earth's 10 major terrestrial biomes, and locate themon a world map.21) Fire is

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson) Chapter 3 Earth's Modern Atmosphere 3.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Air consists of A) a mixture of gases that behaves as if it were a single gas. B) gases that are not well mixed. C) oxygen only. D) mostly carbon dioxide

58) Directly above the midlatitudes, the tropopause (-57°C) occurs at approximately: A) 1 km. B) 13 km (8 mi.). C) 50 km (30 mi.). D) wherever +32°F is recorded as the temperature. Answer: B Diff: 2 Chapter/section: 3.1 Atmospheric Composition, Temperature, and Function Bloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/Comprehension Geo Standard:

106) Which of the following is not sited as a factor in helping to reduce air pollution?A) Stricter air emission regulations.B) Increased use of coal as an energy source.C) Use of more alternative, clean energy sources such as wind and solar.D) Increased vehicle fuel-efficiency.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/section: 3.3 The Human DenominatorBloom's

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 4 Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances4.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) The passage of shortwave and longwave energy through the atmosphere and water is anexample ofA) absorptionB) transmission.C) refraction.D) insolation.Answer: BDiff: 1Chapter/section: 4.1 Energy Balance EssentialsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes

57) Sensible heat transfer (H) refers to energy transfer between the air and the surface byA) turbulent eddies, convection, and conduction.B) evaporation of water.C) reflection of insolation.D) ground heating.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 4.3 Energy Balance at Earth's SurfaceBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of

18) Low, thick stratus clouds have little effect on the Earth's climate.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 4.2 Energy Balance in the TroposphereBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 4.5 Analyze the effect of clouds and aerosols on atmospheric heating and cooling.19) High altitude

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 5 Global Temperatures5.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Most countries use the ________ temperature scale.A) FahrenheitB) KelvinC) CelsiusD) RankineAnswer: CDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.1 Temperature Concepts and MeasurementBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 5.2 Distinguish between

56) Imagine a profile of soil going to a depth of approximately 10 ft. On a sunny day, the soil ata depth of 5ft will be ________ the soil at the surface because ________.A) warmer; soil is a good conductor of heatB) cooler; land is opaque preventing heating at depthsC)

Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 5.3 Explain the effects of latitude, altitude and elevation, and cloud cover on globaltemperature patterns.16) Air pressure decreases with increased elevation.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 5.2 Principal Temperature ControlsBloom's Taxonomy:

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 6 Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations6.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) A(n) ________ is an instrument used to measure wind speed.A) anemometerB) wind vaneC) barometerD) sling psychrometerAnswer: ADiff: 1Chapter/section: 6.1 Wind EssentialsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of

52) The intertropical convergence zone is characterized byA) convergence and uplift of warm surface air.B) convergence and subsidence of cold surface air.C) divergence and uplift of warm surface air.D) divergence and subsidence of cold surface air.Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 6.3 Atmospheric Patterns of MotionBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical

107) In the Northern Hemisphere, ocean currents move ________ about high-pressure cells; inthe Southern Hemisphere ocean currents move ________ about high-pressure cells.A) counterclockwise; clockwiseB) parallel; perpendicularC) clockwise; counterclockwiseD) perpendicular.; parallelAnswer: CDiff: 3Chapter/section: 6.4 Oceanic CurrentsBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO:

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 7 Water and Atmospheric Moisture7.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Out of all the water present in the Earth systems, ________ is stored in the atmosphere.A) less than 0.03%B) approximately 2%C) a variable amount, but averaging 50%D) 15%Answer: ADiff: 2Chapter/section: 7.1 Unique Properties of

52) The point where saturation begins in a rising air parcel isA) the dry adiabatic rate.B) the moist adiabatic rate.C) the lifting condensation level.D) cloud condensation nuclei.Answer: CDiff: 1Chapter/section: 7.3 Atmospheric StabilityBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 7.5 Illustrate three

7.2 True/False Questions1) The technique of allowing water to freeze has been used to quarry rocks.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Chapter/section: 7.1 Unique Properties of WaterBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 7.1 Describe the heat properties of water, and identify the traits of

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 8 Weather8.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Weather isA) the climate of a region.B) the short-term condition of the atmosphere.C) the long-term atmospheric condition, including extremes that may occur.D) a reference to temperature patterns only.Answer: BDiff: 1Chapter/section: 8.1 Air MassesBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard:

57) Which of the following cloud types is associated with tornado development?A) cumulusB) nimbostratusC) altocumulusD) cumulonimbusAnswer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 8.4 Violent WeatherBloom's Taxonomy: 3/4 Application/AnalysisGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 8.6 Identify various forms of violent weather by their characteristics, and review severalexamples of

Diff: 1Chapter/section: 8.3 Midlatitude Cyclonic SystemsBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 8.4 Describe the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclonic storm system, and relate this to itsportrayal on weather maps.22) Cyclogenesis refers to the last stage of a midlatitude cyclone

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 9e (Christopherson)Chapter 9 Water Resources9.1 Multiple Choice Questions1) Water covers approximately ________ of Earth's surface.A) 50 percentB) 90 percentC) 25 percentD) 71 percentAnswer: DDiff: 2Chapter/section: 9.1 Water on EarthBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO:

53) Which of the following is normally true of a hot desert?A) Potential evapotranspiration exceeds actual evapotranspiration.B) Actual evapotranspiration exceeds potential evapotranspiration.C) Potential evapotranspiration equals actual evapotranspiration.D) It is impossible to say what the normal relationship between potential and actualevapotranspiration would be in a desert.Answer: ADiff: 3Chapter/section: 9.3 Soil-Water-Budget ConceptBloom's

Diff: 2Chapter/section: 9.1 Water on EarthBloom's Taxonomy: 1/2 Knowledge/ComprehensionGeo Standard: 07. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surfaceLO: 9.2 Illustrate the hydrologic cycle with a simple sketch, and label it with definitions foreach water pathway.20) About 50% of precipitation over the land infiltrates the surface, of which