58) In which of the following areas would one likely find Oxisols?
A) higher latitudes, especially areas dominated by permafrost
B) tropical regions
C) in mountainous areas with steep slopes
D) primarily in grasslands
59)
These mature soils are found in the tropics.
A) Oxisols
B) Mollisols
C) Aridisols
D) Andisols
60) Which soil order occupies the most land area worldwide?
A) Oxisols
B) Mollisols
C) Aridisols
D) Andisols
61) In which of the following areas would one likely find Aridisols?
A) northern Europe
B) the selva in Brazil
C) the U.S. southwest
D) marine west coast climates
62)
This is the world’s largest soil order, occurring on 19% of the Earth’s land surface in the world’s
dry regions.
A) Oxisols
B) Mollisols
C) Aridisols
D) Andisols
63) ________ are among the Earth’s most agriculturally significant soils.
A) Aridisols
B) Inceptisols
C) Mollisols
D) Entisols
64) In which of the following areas would one likely find Mollisols?
A) Sub-Saharan Africa
B) the U.S. Great Plains
C) central Africa
D) southeast United States
65)
These grassland soils are some of the Earth’s most significant agricultural soils.
A) Gelisols
B) Molliso1s
C) Aridisols
D) Inceptisols
66) Which soil order is the most spatially widespread?
A) Vertisols
B) Alfisols
C) Entisols
D) Gelisols
67)
These soils are the most spatially widespread, extending from the equator to high latitudes.
A) Vertisols
B) Alfisols
C) Entisols
D) Gelisols
68) In a west to east transect across the 98th meridian in the United States, which of the
following is the correct sequence of soil orders?
A) Alfisols, Aridisols, Ultisols
B) Aridisols, Oxisols, Mollisols
C) Aridisols, Mollisols, Alfisols
D) Alfisols, Mollisols, Utilsols
69) The southeast United States is dominated by which soil order?
A) Ultisols
B) Alfisols
C) Oxisols
D) Mollisols
70)
Relatively high precipitation in the regions in which these soils are found cause greater mineral
alterations and more alluvial leaching than in other soils.
A) Oxisols
B) Andisols
C) Gelisols
D) Ultisols
71) In which of the following regions would one likely find Spodosols?
A) savannas and grasslands
B) tropical rainforests
C) northern coniferous forests
D) deserts and semiarid areas
72)
These soils primarily occur in the northern coniferous forests, but may also occur with more
moderate properties under mixed or deciduous forests.
A) Ultisols
B) Inceptisols
C) Entisols
D) Spodosols
73) ________ are recently developed soils lacking vertical horizon development.
A) Spodosols
B) Entisols
C) Oxisols
D) Mollisols
74) Most of the glacially derived till and outwash materials from New York through the
Appalachians are
A) Spodosols.
B) Histosols.
C) Inceptisols.
D) Gelisols.
75) ________ are high latitude soils containing permafrost and large amounts of organic matter.
A) Alfisols
B) Ultisols
C) Inceptisols
D) Gelisols
76)
These high latitude, periglacial soils contain about half of the pool of global carbon.
A) Oxisols
B) Spodosols
C) Gelisols
D) Mollisols
77) Soils with volcanic parent material belong to which soil order?
A) Andisols
B) Histosols
C) Vertisols
D) Gelisols
78) Expandable clay soils, such as montmorillonite, characterize this soil order.
A) Oxisols
B) Mollisols
C) Vertisols
D) Aridisols
79) ________ are hydric soils, forming in beds of former lakes and small, poorly drained
depressions.
A) Histosols
B) Andisols
C) Vertisols
D) Aridisols
80) Warming temperatures have accelerated the thawing of Gelisols. This is of particular concern
because
A) Gelisols contain about half of the pool of global carbon and this release of carbon dioxide and
methane into the atmosphere could further affect warming climate.
B) as the permafrost metals, the meltwater will runoff, further contributing to global sea-level
rise.
C) Gelisols are an important soils for growing specialty cold weather crops. The thawing of the
Gelisols will adversely impact this lucrative market.
D) Gelisols are the youngest, least developed soils on the planet. Warming will further stifle the
horizontal development of these soils.
18.2 True/False Questions
1) Soil is a natural, renewable resource.
2) Pedology is concerned with the practical use of a soils as a medium for plant growth.
3) Soil science is an interdisciplinary study, drawing on aspects of physics, chemistry, biology,
mineralogy, hydrology, taxonomy, climatology, and cartography.
4) Soil is composed of 70% mineral matter, 5% organic matter, and varying amounts of water
and air totaling 25%.
5) Human activities, such as agriculture and cattle grazing, may affect soil development.
6) All organisms living in, on, and over the influence the organic content and chemical
characteristics of soil.
7) Broadleaf trees tend to increase the acidity of soils.
8) Steep slopes tend to develop thicker soils than level ground.
9) In the Northern Hemisphere, north facing slopes are generally colder, have slower snowmelt,
and lower evapotranspiration rates and thus provide more moisture for plants than do south
facing slopes.
10) Soils are remarkably uniform from the surface to bedrock.