55) Continuing dissolution and collapse may lead the the coalescing of sinkholes to form a
A) disappearing stream.
B) rise.
C) doline.
D) karst valley.
56) Any large cave formed by chemical processes is a
A) cavern.
B) doline.
C) karst valley.
D) collapse sinkhole.
57) Extensive landscapes formed by the dissolution of limestone and other carbonate rock and
characterized by pitted, bumpy surface topography, poor surface drainage, and well developed
solutions channels are known as
A) plains.
B) basins.
C) karst topography.
D) high tablelands.
58) Karst topography is formed primarily by
A) carbonation and solution.
B) mass wasting processes.
C) oxidation and hydrolysis.
D) exfoliation and hydration.
59) Which of the following is not necessary for well-developed karst to develop?
A) high proportion of calcium carbonate in the rock
B) joints in rock of otherwise low permeability
C) vegetation
D) arid conditions
60) Plants are important to the development of karst primarily because
A) openings adjacent to their roots serve as microchannels that allow water to enter the rock.
B) the decay of large roots below the surface produces cavities which eventually enlarge to form
caves.
C) they supply organic acids that enhance the dissolution process.
D) None of the above—plants play no role in the development of karst.
61) Cones and cockpit karst develop in
A) cold, midlatitude climates.
B) arid regions.
C) wet tropical areas.
D) polar regions.
62) ________ may form at the bottom of cockpits and may even be an important cause of
cockpit karst topography.
A) River floodplains
B) Sinkholes
C) Stalactites
D) Grabens
63) Which of the following is not an example of a dripstone?
A) stalagmite
B) stalactite
C) cockpits
D) soda straw
64) Which of the following are examples of dripstones?
A) stalactites
B) stalagmites
C) columns
D) stalactites, stalagmites, and columns are all examples of dripstones.
E) only stalactites and stalagmites are examples of dripstones.
65) The angle of repose represent a balance between the driving force and resisting force. Which
of the following is the driving force?
A) friction
B) shear
C) gravity
D) inertia
66) A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called
A) a debris avalanche.
B) soil creep.
C) a soil slide.
D) a rockfall.
67)
The mass movement process responsible of the curved growing pattern in the trees and the
downsloping leaning of the utility posts and fences is
A) debris avalanche.
B) soil creep.
C) landslide.
D) rockfall.
68) The downslope movement of a body of material made up of soil, sediment, or rock propelled
by the force of gravity is known as
A) lahar.
B) downslope flow.
C) mass movement.
D) slide.
69) The maximum angle at which soil, sediment, and rock will remain without moving
downslope (e.g. a stable slope) is the
A) height of the slope.
B) angle of repose.
C) mass movement gradient.
D) the speed of the particles.
70) Which of the following can lead to the slope failure that causes mass movement?
A) saturation from rainfall
B) oversteepening of the slope
C) earthquakes
D) volcanic eruptions
E) saturation, oversteepening of slopes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.
71) Which of the following is not a class of mass movement?
A) fall
B) slide
C) slip
D) flow
E) creep
72) In the Andes Mountains of South America, entire towns of thousands of people have been
buried suddenly when water and loose materials traveled downhill as a viscous fluid. This type
of catastrophic event is known as a
A) lahar.
B) slump.
C) rock fall.
D) slide.
E) debris avalanche.
73) A translational slide involves
A) rotational movement of surface material.
B) movement of surface material along a planar surface.
C) unconsolidated flow of material.
D) mudflow.
74) In the spring of 1925 in Jackson Hole, WY, about 37 million m3
of moisture-laden soil and
rock moved down one side of the canyon and surge up the other side. This is an example of a(n)
A) rotational slide.
B) earthflow.
C) slump.
D) rockfall.
75) The presence of talus slopes indicates that ________ occur.
A) planar slides
B) mudflow
C) creep
D) rockfall
E) slump
76)
The photograph is an example of a
A) talus slope.
B) debris avalanche.
C) mudflow.
D) landslide.
77) A mass of falling and tumbling rock, debris, and soil traveling at a high velocity owing to the
presence of ice or water is a
A) rockfall.
B) mudflow.
C) debris avalanche.
D) landslide.
78) The sudden rapid movement of an unsaturated cohesive mass of regolith or bedrock is a
A) rockfall.
B) mudflow.
C) debris avalanche.
D) landslide.
79) In polar and alpine regions, thawing and saturation of the upper layer of soil, resulting in a
slow downslope movement called
A) transitional slide.
B) mudflow.
C) solifluction.
D) lahar.
80) Which of the following human activities can contribute to mass movement?
A) a roadcut
B) surface mining
C) residential and commercial development
D) any human disturbance of a slope, including roadcuts, surface mining, and development.
81) Human-induced mass movements produce a category of processes known as
A) debris flows.
B) denudation.
C) scarification.
D) translational slides.
82)
The photograph shows an example of which mass movement process?
A) debris flows
B) scarification
C) landslide
D) both scarification and landslide
E) both debris flow and landslide