Adolescence 9th Edition

1) based on the research you read about in the textbook, which of the following statements about dating and relationships is not true? a.opposites attract b."birds of a feather flock together" c.romance, relationships, and romance have powerful impacts on adolescents' emotional states d.adolescents with problems who date peers whose mental health is good show improvements

1) studies show that adolescent mood swings parallel their changes in: a.hormone levels b.family relationships c.nutrition d.activities Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) which of the following statements about puberty in girls is false? a.regular ovulation and the ability to carry a baby to term usually follow menarche by several years b.the development of the areola and nipple are

1) the paradox of adolescent health in the united states is that: a.adolescence is one of the healthiest periods in the life span, but nearly 1 in 15 adolescents has at least one disabling chronic disease. b.despite the adolescent focus on appearance, adolescents in the united states are the unhealthiest teens in

1) according to the textbook, one of the pathways by which adolescents who feel discriminated against experience negative mental health outcomes is: a.adolescents who feel discriminated against in school report feeling less control over their academic achievement, which leads to feelings of depression b.adolescents who feel discriminated against put less effort into

1) in america, early-maturing girls are more likely than their late-maturing peers to: a.be unpopular. b.have a lower self-image. c.succeed in school. d.perceive themselves as attractive. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) to reduce the decline of students' academic knowledge, the carnegie corporation council on adolescent development recommends all of the following, except: a.divide middle schools into units

1) during adolescence, the importance of religion: a.increases. b.decreases. c.decreases during early adolescence and then begins to increase. d.remains the same. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) the transition from school to work is _________ defined transition. a.an educationally b.a socially c.a personally d.an environmentally Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 3) similarity in ________ is most likely to serve as a basis for cross-ethnic

1) evaluations of drug prevention programs have found that: a.these programs are largely ineffective. b.these programs are more effective for changing adolescents' sexual behaviors than their drug use. c.scare tactics are more effective in changing behavior than rational information. d.random drug testing in schools has been the only effective strategy for reducing adolescents' use

1) the text suggests that one set of factors that may differentiate the "rich" from the "poor" early in the educational setting is _________ and _________. a.motivation to succeed; beliefs about the causes of success and failure b.neighborhood; socioeconomic factors c.genetic inheritance; prejudice against minorities d.parents' level of education; parents' attitudes toward education Answer: a Answer:

1) there are two components of religious development: (1) _____, which refers to the religious practices one engages in; and (2) _____, which refers to one's personal quest for answers to questions about god and the mean of life. a.spirituality; religiosity b.religiosity; spirituality c.religion practices; religion search d.religion behaviors; religion quest Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2)

1) which of the following statements is true about arnett's concept of emerging adulthood? a.it is seen more commonly among politically conservative youth b.not all people in their mid-20s fit the profile c.it is positively associated with economic pressures to support a family d.sit exists in all cultures Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which of the

1) which of the following is an example of academic achievement? a.kelly received a c on her report card. b.naomi received a 1200 on the sats. c.mel has been in school for 7 years. d.vinny has 3.7 gpa. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) before the industrial revolution, the term "child" referred to: a.ages 3-12. b.ages 5-10. c.anyone under age

1) according to sullivan, development can be best understood by examining transformations in: a.psychosexual needs. b.sexual drive. c.interpersonal needs. d.self-conceptions. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) according to the textbook, most teenagers feel that their friends are likely to pressure them to: a.use marijuana. b.engage in sexual activity. c.drink alcohol. d.use cocaine. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) which is not considered a risk

1) studies that have focused on the different developmental trajectories of adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and drug use have identified all except which of the following groups? a.low escalators b.late starters c.nonusers d.slow escalators Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) according to the ford and beach sexual socialization research, societies can fall into any of the following categories,

1) according to piaget, the period of cognitive development that is based on theoretical, abstract principles of logic is called: a.sensorimotor. b.preoperational. c.concrete operations. d.formal operations. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) renee, a 6-year-old, is unable to answer the question, "how are a motorcycle and a bicycle alike?" mohammed, a 17-year-old, answers the same question by

1) akira wants to be an occupational therapist specializing in the rehabilitation of the hand. based on super's stages of occupational development, akira has reached the: a.composition stage. b.specification stage. c.self-directed search stage. d.crystallization stage. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) adolescents who have more complex self-conceptions are less likely: a.to be depressed. b.to achieve more in school. c.to have

1) studies suggest which of the following are antecedents of homosexuality? a.biological factors b.social factors c.the interaction between biological and social factors d.all of the above Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) as discussed in your text, the major characteristics of good schools include all but which of the following? a.being integrated into the community (e.g., with local

1) sullivan emphasized the social aspects of growth, suggesting that psychological development can be best understood when looked at in: a.societal terms. b.interpersonal terms. c.identity terms. d.medical terms. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) mitch organizes a party for about 20 of his classmates who are all interested in theater, and they all watch a tape of

1) who is at the greatest risk of developing psychological problems as a result of peer rejection? a.an aggressive child b.a withdrawn child c.an aggressive-withdrawn child d.a reclusive child Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) what would a social control theorist say about an adolescent who engages in risk-taking behavior? a.they have a biological predisposition toward risky behavior. b.they

1) american high school students spend fewer than _____ hours per week on homework, while japanese high school students average closer to _____. a.10; 20 hours per week b.20; 20 hours per week c.5; 5 hours per day d.5; 5 hours per week Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) involvement in delinquent activity may lead to ________

1) which of the following factors have not been found to influence the onset of maturation? a.father absence b.good nutrition c.family conflict d.peer pressure Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) latoya has a secure relationship with her parents, whereas karen has an insecure one. based on research cited in the text, who is more likely to display

1) which of the following has the least effect on student achievement? a.families b.peer groups c.the classroom d.neighborhoods Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) according to the textbook, a good deal of adolescents' risk taking takes place in contexts in which: a.they are unsupervised by adults and exposed to peer pressure. b.older, opposite sex peers are present. c.they are in

1) when ramon expresses a view that differs from his father's, ramon's father asks his son to clarify the statement and he probes his son's logic. ramon's father is: a.enabling his son's autonomy. b.constraining his son's autonomy. c.inhibiting his son's individuation. d.creating distance between himself and his son. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) seth and his

1) identity that is incoherent, disjointed, and characterized by an incomplete sense of self is called: a.false-self behavior. b.moratorium. c.identity diffusion. d.marginal identity. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) at age 17, cherise is a frequent drug user. it is most probable that: a.her problem behavior began by age 7. b.her problem behavior began by age 13. c.her problem behavior

1) al's parents expect him to receive all as on his report card, play quarterback for the football team, and win the election for senior class president. when al came home with a b+ on his report card, his parents grounded him for a month. al probably will develop: a.a high need

1) according to the textbook, all of the following are reasons that adolescents' ambitions are consonant with the socioeconomic status of those around them, except: a.occupational attainment depends strongly on educational attainment and educational attainment is greatly influenced by socioeconomic status b.middle-class parents are more likely to raise their children in ways that

1) the transformation in religious thinking during adolescence can be best understood as part of the overall development of ________ autonomy. a.adolescent b.behavioral c.emotional d.cognitive Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) in contrast to the psychoanalytic perspective, many researchers today assert that a late adolescent who is gradually and progressively sharpening his/her sense of self as autonomous, competent,

1) studies that compare adolescents' working models of their relationships: a.show that emotional attachments in adolescence were influenced by attachments formed in infancy. b.suggest that an individual's beliefs and expectations about relationships are similar across different interpersonal domains. c.demonstrate different beliefs and expectations for different interpersonal domains. d.show that early life attachments may not be

1) according to research cited in the textbook, susceptibility to antisocial peer pressure is _____ among relatively _____ acculturated latino adolescents than their _____ acculturated peers. a.higher; more; less b.higher; less; more c.lower; more; less d.none of the above options are true Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) the average working high school student earns _____ per

1) according to the textbook, all of the following are potentially successful ways to reduce adolescent risk-taking except: a.classroom-based education programs designed to teach adolescents about the dangers of various activities, make better decisions, and resist peer pressure to engage in risky activity. b.limiting adolescents' opportunities to put themselves in risky situations

1) which of the following would be considered the least effective method for treating depression? a.behavioral psychotherapy b.insight-oriented psychotherapy c.cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy d.use of medications such as ssris Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) optimal development during adolescence appears to be facilitated by the ________ style of parenting. a.authoritative b.authoritarian c.indulgent d.neglectful Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) which adolescent is most likely to feel

1) alice, a 16-year-old, gave birth to a baby boy last year. how will this affect the likelihood that her 13-year-old sister, marie, will have a baby? a.it will increase. b.it will increase only if marie is already sexually active. c.it will be unaffected. d.it will decrease. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following

1) which adolescent is least likely to spend leisure time reading? a.jeanne marie, who lives in france b.valheida, who lives in austria c.jeannette, who lives in the united states d.momoko, who lives in japan Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) all of the following are noted to be benefits of service learning, except: a.enhancement of self-esteem and feelings

1) steve eats lunch with jeff, hans, and mike every day. after school, they play computer games and talk about girls. this group of boys is called: a.a crowd. b.a clique. c.a reference group. d.a youth culture. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) authoritative parenting promotes intellectual development and psychosocial maturity through all of the following, except: a.encouraging discussions about

1) a recent study of ethnic identity and academic achievement illustrated how racial centrality, private regard, and public regard work together to influence black adolescents' school performance and motivation. the researchers identified four distinct clusters within their sample of 600 students. which cluster of students was most likely to drop

1) dr. goodrich believes that the passage into adulthood is a sudden change in which adult roles and statuses are abruptly assumed. this view is most closely associated with the: a.continuous transition. b.discontinuous transition. c.longitudinal perspective. d.abstemious approach. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) the bas mitzvah, the confirmation, and the quinceaera are all examples of: a.extrusion. b.inventionism. c.initiation ceremonies. d.universal

1) the psychosocial domain concerning the development and expression of independence is called: a.autocracy. b.autonomy. c.detachment. d.morality. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which of the following statements is not supported by research with regard to adolescent employment? a.working builds character, teaches adolescents about the "real world," and helps them prepare for adult responsibilities. b.the benefits of working during

1) whereas _________ refers to individuals' capacity to behave on their own, ___________ has emotional and cognitive as well as behavioral components. a.independence; self-sufficiency b.autonomy; independence c.independence; autonomy d.autonomy; self-sufficiency Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) according to the textbook, in early adolescence, formal thinking: a.has a "now you see it, now you don't quality to it. b.is very

1) ford and beach found that sexual expressions varied widely from culture to culture. their findings suggest that: a.biology is the key to understanding adolescent sexuality. b.adolescent sexuality may begin in biology but ends in culture. c.sexuality cannot be fully understood cross-culturally. d.adolescent sexuality is very uniform within cultures. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which of

1) as a follow-up to the supreme court rulings in brown v. board of education of topeka (1954, 1955), in which the court found that it was unconstitutional to maintain separate schools for children on the basis of race, the supreme court rule in 2007 that school districts may no

1) bobbie jo's employer has been sexually harassing her. bobby jo has decided to find a new job, which she will start next week, and she also has filed sexual harassment charges against her current employer. bobbie jo is using ______ strategies to deal with her stress. a.primary control b.secondary control c.emotion-focused d.scapegoating Answer: a Answer:

1) ms. willingham sets high standards for her students but is very responsive to their needs. what type of teaching style is this characteristic of? a.autocratic b.authoritarian c.authoritative d.permissive Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) individuals who were adolescents in the late 1950s and 1960s are known as members of the: a.leave it to beaver generation. b.baby-boom generation. c."free love" generation. d.great

1) an explanation of why students' motivation and school achievement drop as they transition into secondary school is that: a.the subject matter becomes more difficult. b.teachers focus on grades rather than mastery of the material. c.they are intimidated by the older students. d.there is a decline in their use of self-handicapping strategies. Answer: b Answer: b Answer:

1) compared with their counterparts from previous decades, today's adolescents have __________ levels of educational attainment and ___________ levels of academic achievement. a.lower; lower b.lower; higher c.higher; higher d.higher; lower Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) multidimensional thinking helps adolescents understand: a.sarcasm. b.imaginary audiences. c.formal operations. d.concrete examples. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) tommy values education and works hard in school but also

1) which prevention program is most likely to be successful? a.one that focuses on community-wide intervention aimed at adolescents b.one that focuses on social competence training c.one that focuses on community-wide intervention aimed at parents and teachers d.one that focuses on all of the above-mentioned components Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) mitch attends a high school

1) which of the following statements about abortion and teen pregnancy is not true? a.there are no differences between pregnant teenagers who do and do not seek abortion. b.unplanned pregnancies are much more likely to be terminated by abortion among young women who are academically successfully and ambitious. c.unplanned pregnancies are much more

1) lydia's family is always going to art shows, concerts, and poetry readings. they have a large amount of: a.societal influence. b.social capital. c.cultural capital. d.monetary success. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) the term puberty refers to the period during which: a.an individual is between the ages of 12 and 15 b.an individual's endocrine system creates new hormones c.an

1) don's teacher is concerned about him because he is passive and indifferent to new experiences, and shows little intellectual curiosity. he also shows signs of developing low self-esteem. based on baumrind's classification of parenting styles, the best guess is that don's parents are: a.authoritative. b.authoritarian. c.indulgent. d.indifferent. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) every time that frank

1) expanding opportunities for adolescents to get involved in community service would be associated with all but which of the following outcomes? a.enhancing their feelings of confidence and responsibility b.helping integrate them into the community c.increasing their contact with adult role models d.increasing the likelihood that they drop out of school Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2)

1) the following is often a trademark of persistent bullies: a.more troubled family relationships. b.more troubled peer relationships. c.greater difficulty controlling aggression. d.all of the above. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) all of the following are defining characteristics of agency, except: a.feeling in control of one's own decisions. b.having confidence that obstacles can be overcome. c.blaming other people for

1) positive mental health is associated with: a.having strong positive feelings about one's own ethnic heritage and feeling separate from the mainstream culture. b.separating from one's own ethnic heritage but having strong positive feelings about mainstream culture. c.having strong positive feelings about one's own ethnic heritage and about mainstream culture. d.separating from both one's

1) researchers have suggested that the lack of clarity and continuity in the transition into adulthood may contribute to our relatively high rate(s) of: a.divorce and family violence. b.juvenile delinquency and teenage alcoholism. c.youth unemployment. d.all of the above might result from the lack of clarity and continuity in the transition into adulthood. Answer: d Answer: d Answer:

1) pepler, jiang, craig, & connolly (2008) studied a sample of 10 to 17 year old toronto youths and found that: a.about 40% of adolescents have never bullied anyone. b.nearly all adolescents surveyed had engaged in bullying of some form. c.a correlation exists between bully victimization and drug abuse. d.victims of harassment are less

1) jacob is looking forward to the upcoming presidential election because he is now able to cast his vote. based on your knowledge of the social redefinition of adolescence, what has jacob attained? a.emerging adulthood b.juvenile attainment c.quinceaera d.the age of majority Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) ethnic differences in parenting practices suggest that: a.authoritative parenting is most

1) what is the main reason that many achievement-related issues take on new significance during adolescence: a.biological transitions b.social transitions c.changes in cognitions d.achievement-related issues do not take on new significance during adolescence Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) according to the textbook, which of the following is not something that policymakers have called for to ensure young

1) the tensions that are often assumed to be inherent in the relations between adolescents and adults are referred to as the: a.parent-child rift. b.generation gap. c.empty nest syndrome. d.midlife crisis. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which of the following statements about puberty's impact on family relationships is true? a.puberty appears to increase distance between parents and

1) research has shown that racial socialization that results in having positive attitudes about one's ethnic group is associated with: a.having negative attitudes about other ethnic groups. b.faster identity development among adolescents. c.problematic interracial relations. d.positive attitudes about other ethnic groups. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) adolescents who join antisocial peer groups are likely to have: a.been

1) sonya has scored in the top 1 percentile on an iq test, yet she gets below average grades in school. what is true about sonya? a.she has a learning disorder. b.she has low self-esteem. c.she is a delinquent. d.she is an underachiever. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) which of the following statements about health in

1) michael and kayla are concerned because they noticed their 10-year-old son, tom, engaging in sex play with a male friend. they ask a psychologist what she thinks. what did she probably say? a."tom is probably homosexual." b."tom has been sexually abused." c.'same-sex play among young adolescents is common." d."tom needs to get counseling

1) denise's parents have both been laid off from work and are unable to pay the bills. denise's parents are likely to do all of the following, except: a.become less nurturing toward denise. b.begin using harsher and more inconsistent discipline than they had in the past. c.engage in drug and alcohol abuse. d.feel more

1) denise has just been caught vandalizing for the fourth time this year. what is probably true of her early home and school life? a.her problems have emerged only during adolescence. b.her early home and school life were average. c.she probably had problems at home and school at an early age. d.home and school life

1) temperament and personality tend to become _________ as we __________. a.stable; take more classes b.unstable; get older c.stable; get older d.unstable; take more classes Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which of the following is most characteristic of childhood peer groups? a.mixed-sex groups b.less adult supervision c.sex cleavage d.the emergence of peer "crowds" Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) tina smoked cigarettes, drank

1) during the first half of the 21st century, the adolescent population is expected to: a.decrease. b.increase. c.remain constant. d.unable to predict. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) dr. martino argues that development proceeds in stages and that each stage is marked by fairly consistent behavior. then, as the child's biological development progresses and new experiences are

1) fifteen-year-old hermione is able to write a much more complex answer than 10-year-old ginger to the question, "compare the advantages and disadvantages of using simple spells for self-protection." this is because, as an adolescent, hermione is able to think: a.egocentrically. b.deductively. c.in metacognitive ways. d.in multiple dimensions. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) industrialized societies place a

1) as carrie was growing up, her parents discussed politics with her, went on family vacations to historical sites and national parks, and attended cultural events together. carrie took clarinet lessons and spent a lot of time in the library reading books she chose for herself. it is likely that carrie

1) although chris is significantly delayed developmentally he goes to a regular grade school, takes classes in social studies, music, and physical education with the non-handicapped students, and goes to special classes to learn about reading and arithmetic. this situation is an example of: a.mainstreaming. b.functional education. c.higher-order learning. d.education compensation. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2)

1) according to adolescents, what is the best thing about school? a.learning new information b.being with friends c.interacting with the teachers d.participating in extracurricular activities Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) paul won't even try to learn how to swim because when he has tried before, he has not done very well and he is now convinced

1) current efforts aimed at encouraging healthy behaviors among adolescents involve all of the following, except: a.reducing health compromising behaviors. b.increasing health enhancing behaviors. c.encouraging adolescents to sign contracts promising to abstain from unhealthy behaviors. d.encouraging health care professionals to do more screening for risky health practices. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) kelly's parents are disappointed with

1) all of the following are aspects of social redefinition described in the text except: a.the passing on of information from the older generation b.the accentuation of differences between males and females c.the real or symbolic separation from parents d.the completion of formal schooling Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) which adolescent is most likely to use

1) ron will be going to a new school in the fall. what would be most effective in making this transition less stressful? a.calling the guidance counselors at the new school to alert them to ron's arrival b.encouraging ron to sever ties with his current school so that he enters his new school

1) peers usually have more influence than parents on matters of: a.occupational ambitions. b.educational goals. c.patterns of leisure activity. d.values. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) teenagers often become self-conscious because they believe that people are talking about them. which characteristic are they exhibiting? a.an imaginary audience b.a personal fable c.propositional logic d.metacognition Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) as a child, joe doesn't

1) in contemporary america, the process of social definition, which typically begins at age 15 or 16, is something that occurs over: a.a relatively long period of time. b.a few days. c.a few days for males and a relatively longer time for females. d.a relatively short period of time. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) ethnic identity

1) the tendency to interpret ambiguous interactions with others as deliberately antagonistic is called: a.attention deficit disorder. b.negative affectivity. c.hostile attributional bias. d.oppositional defiant disorder. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) approximately what percentage of american 20- to 22-year-olds live with or are supported financially by their parents? a.90% b.15% c.55% d.70% Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) one reason for the difference in

1) mai can understand the metaphor, "my heart is an open book," because she is able to focus on the: a.concrete and familiar associations. b.semantic structure of the sentence. c.abstract and conceptual relations. d.observable features of the objects. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) the best predictor of contraceptive use is: a.age. b.iq. c.race. d.socioeconomic status. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) which of

1) compared with their counterparts from previous decades, today's american adolescents: a.spend more days per year in school. b.spend fewer days per year in school. c.are absent from school more often. d.are less likely to continue their schooling beyond the 12th grade. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following is not one of the

1) the presence or absence of certain hormones early in life may "program" the brain and the nervous system to develop in certain ways later on. these hormones are considered: a.androgens b.estrogens c.organizational d.activational Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) craig is always the first to go along with the deviant activities his friends suggest. with which

1) the positive effects of service learning are most likely to occur in all of the following circumstances, except when: a.adolescents have good relationships with their supervisors. b.adolescents are given sufficient autonomy. c.adolescents are closely supervised. d. adolescents have adequate time to learn from their experiences. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) according to the textbook, in

1) a look at the commission of violent crimes by adolescents in the united states shows all of the following, except: a.from 1965 to 1988, arrests for the most serious violent crimes increased substantially. b.from 1965 to 1988, the average age at which individuals were arrested for violent crimes fell. c.from 1993 to

1) according to the textbook, evaluations of programs aimed at enhancing teen mothers' access to adequate income and employment have found that: a.while enhancing teen mothers' employability has not been successful, decreasing their reliance on welfare has been hugely successful b.both decreasing teen mothers' reliance on welfare and preventing their subsequent pregnancies have

1) contemporary discussions of adolescent romance draw on: a.sullivan's theory of interpersonal development b.attachment theory c.ecological perspectives d.all of the above Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) which of the following statements about sexual orientation in adolescence is false? a.males are more likely than females to engage in same-sex activity during adolescence. b.approximately 2 to 5% of adolescents identify

1) young people who abuse alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs are more likely to experience all of the following, except: a.increased popularity b.suffer from psychological distress c.become involved in dangerous or deviant activities d.engage in unprotected sexual activities Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) adolescents who have less positive relationships with their parents are more likely to

1) the term given in the text that describes siblings who are deliberately trying to be different from each other is: a.differential treatment. b.sibling deidentification. c.sibling rivalry. d.sibling discrepancy. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) charlie is able to tune out the television so that he can focus on his art project, which is due in class