1) al’s parents expect him to receive all as on his report card, play quarterback for the
football team, and win the election for senior class president. when al came home with a
b+ on his report card, his parents grounded him for a month. al probably will develop:
a.a high need for achievement.
b.a fear of failure.
c.an intrinsic type of motivation.
d.learned helplessness.
2) mary comes from an economically disadvantaged household. her mother went to the
school counselor to find out what could be done to help mary overcome her
disadvantage. what did the counselor suggest would help?
a.positive relations at home
b.extra tutoring
c.an after-school job
d.special education classes
3) president george w. bush’s 2002 mandate that all children, regardless of economic
circumstance, achieve academic proficiency is called the:
a.all children learn together act.
b.stay in public school act.
c.no child left behind act.
d.teach the test act.
4) according to the textbook, victims of cyberbullying often report all of the following
adjustment problems except:
a.low self-esteem.
b.academic difficulties.
c.parent-child conflict.
d.depression.
5) tory is extrinsically motivated and believes that intelligence is a fixed trait. based on
this combination, tory probably focuses on:
a.performance goals.
b.learning goals.
c.self-regulatory goals.
d.mastery goals.
6) which statement concerning adolescents’ ability to see their parents as people is
false?
a.this aspect of emotional autonomy may not develop until early adulthood.
b.this aspect of emotional autonomy develops later in adolescents’ relations with their
mothers than with their fathers.
c.during high school, adolescents have difficulty seeing their parents as individual
beyond their role as parents.
d.fifteen-year-olds are not much better than 10-year-olds at seeing their parents as
people.
7) which of the following students is more likely to engage in more cross-racial
friendships?
a.sal, who earns straight as
b.melanie, who works part-time
c.danielle, who participates in extracurricular activities after school
d.ian, who attends a private school
8) chris and his parents had an argument because they did not want him to go to a new
year’s eve party across town. a few days after the argument, chris’s anger subsided
because he realized his parents were worried about his safety. which cognitive process
did chris use to reach this conclusion?
a.implicit personality theory
b.mutual role-taking
c.automatization
d.social perspective-taking
9) which of the following research findings does not provide evidence to support the
achievement gap between white and nonwhite youngsters?
a.12 percent of the high schools in the u.s. produce half of the country’s drop-outs, and
nearly half the nation’ black and latino students attend one of these schools
b.in the district of columbia, which serves a predominately black population, only 8
percent of all eight-graders are judged proficient in math, and only 12 percent in
reading
c.in california, 8th grade white students who are proficient in math outnumber latino
students by a ratio of 4 to 1.
d.the assessments of harlem children’s zone indicated that white and nonwhite students
performed equally well.
10) the most effective strategy for keeping students from dropping out of high school
has been:
a.involving at-risk students in service learning and guided discussions of their life
options.
b.providing remedial classes for at-risk students.
c.making courses easier.
d.offering guidance counseling for at-risk students to help them academically.
11) luis and carla hernandez are getting a divorce. it is likely that the family will go
through a period of _________ before it can adjust to this challenge.
a.disequilibrium
b.equilibrium
c.disinhibition
d.guilt
12) which of the following statements concerning sibling relationships is false?
a.the quality of sibling relationships affects adolescents’ peer relationships.
b.the quality of sibling relationships affects the adolescents’ general adjustment.
c.positive sibling relationships contribute to an adolescent’s school competence and
sociability.
d.siblings are likely to be closer in families under economic stress than in affluent
families.
13) research on problem behaviors suggests that:
a.most delinquents are serious drug users.
b.risky behaviors cluster together in different ways for different adolescents.
c.the problem behaviors that adults disapprove of are considered by adolescents to be
normative, not problematic.
d.risky behaviors are more likely to be noticed as clustering together in studies of
children than in studies of adolescents.
14) alex suffers from identity diffusion. in addition to problems with identity
development, problems with identity diffusion are likely to be reflected in the area(s)
of:
a.autonomy
b.intimacy
c.sexuality
d.all of the above
15) which of the following is not an explanation for the sex differences in the impact of
early and late maturation for boys and girls?
a.the cultural desirability of thin body types
b.the developmental readiness hypothesis
c.the maturational deviance hypothesis
d.boys’ greater involvement in delinquency
16) studies of ethnic identity development have shown that, relative to ethnic
minorities, whites are more likely to:
a.identify their specific heritage (e.g., german, irish).
b.have a stronger sense of ethnic identity.
c.avoid using “panethnic” labels to describe themselves.
d.identify themselves as “american” rather than a specific heritage label.
17) pretend you are talking to your virgin 16-year old self (or another 16-year old that is
thinking about having sex for the first time). your 16-year old self wants to know if
sexuality is normal, when(if) he/she is ready to engage in sexual behaviors, and what
the potential risks are. be sure to tell the 16-year old everything you wish you would
have known about sex when you were younger.
18) one of your friends has a daughter who will be entering 7th grade next year at a new
middle school. your friend has heard that in general, students’ academic motivation,
self-image, and school grades all decrease as they leave elementary school and enter
middle school. he wants to know why this might happen, and seeks your advice on what
to expect and how to help his daughter through this transition. what do you tell him?
19) you are a school counselor. one day, an early adolescent is brought into your office
by his concerned parents because he has been acting up. they want to know if this
problem behavior will progress into adulthood. what can you tell them about moffitt’s
(2006) two types of adolescent offenders to answer their questions?
20) has research on erikson’s theory of adolescent identity development supported his
view? how have researchers gone about testing erikson’s model, and what have they
found?
21) michelle, a 16-year-old adolescent, is the only one in her circle of friends who has
not yet had sex. she is beginning to feel pressure to have sex. discuss two ways that her
friends are influencing her attitude toward sex.
22) as the older sibling of a 13-year-old sister, you want to help her enjoy her
adolescent years, and particularly the adventure of romance that is likely to unfold for
her. having read about the development of romantic relationships during adolescence,
you now feel you are in a better position to talk to her about some potential issues, such
as the effects of early dating and the increase of violence in dating relationships. what
will you tell her?
23) wendy and her mother are arguing over her messy room. wendy feels that this is her
space, and that she can do what she wants with it. wendy’s mom argues that it is her
house and that wendy’s room is a reflection of their family lifestyle. outline reasons for
their disagreement using the recent research on intergenerational differences in values
and attitudes.
24) provide three reasons, discussed in your text, that growing up in a single-parent
home affects girls’ sexual behavior more than boys.