Archives: Quiz

After careful study of the relationship between the economy and arson, the conclusion was drawn that when the economy is poor and unemployment is high, the arson rates go up. The researcher concluded that unemployed people are more likely to […]

An interview with victims of domestic violence designed to measure their reluctance to report their victimization to the police may result in _____. a. physical harm b. psychological harm c. no harm at all d. the police coming to arrest […]

The Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics is the most comprehensive Bureau of Justice Statistics publication. It includes a multitude of data including all of the following except _____. a. characteristics of criminal justice agencies b. public opinion answers coming from […]

The age of an offender is an example of which level of measurement? a. interval b. nominal c. ratio d. ordinal Case flow represents the process through which subjects are accumulated in which two kinds of groups? a. experimental and […]

The final stage of the research process is _____. a. interpretation b. literature review c. analysis d. application The term “questionnaire” suggests a collection of _____. a. statements b. concepts c. conclusions d. ideas Answer: A When a supervisor for […]

Construct validity refers to _____. a. a comparison of measures to some external criterion b. an empirical measure that may or may not agree with our common understanding of a particular concept c. the degree to which a measure covers […]

Which of the following would be an example of the data coming from the Census Bureau that have criminal justice applications? a. Court records of Children in Custody b. Self Report Survey data c. Survey of Inmates in Local Jails […]

Which type of questions should be avoided on a questionnaire? a. short items b. contingency questions c. ambiguous questions d. matrix questions Which of the following would be an example of content analysis in criminal justice research? a. counting the […]

An indicator of the dimension “victim harm” is _____. a. economic gain b. gender of victim c. physical injury d. location of injury The word ethical means: a. conforming to the standards of conduct of a given profession or group […]

Cross-sectional studies are those based on observations made at one time. Construct validity is concerned with the ability to generalize from the results of the experimental group to the control group. Answer: F Four purposes of research are exploration, description, […]

Field research is usually considered to be strong on validity yet weak on ____________. Scientists assess the truth of statements about cause by considering threats to ________________. Answer: validity See; Differing Avenues for Inquiry The _______________ is the range of […]

When it is necessary to study phenomenon in their natural setting, experiments are the best approach to take. When someone tries to come to conclusions about an individual based on group-level data, the _______________ is being committed. Answer: ecological fallacy […]

In our daily lives, we base reality of experience and __________. Variables whose attributes have only the characteristics of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusiveness are _______________ level measures. Answer: nominal A sample element is that unit about which information is collected […]

When considering probability sampling in general, it is usually the preferred method for selecting study elements because probability sampling _____. a. sanctions intuition on the part of the researcher b. permits the researcher to estimate the sampling error c. allows […]

The norm of voluntary participation is usually satisfied by ____. a. compensation for participants b. debriefing c. informed consent d. ensuring confidentiality With respect to harm in the conduct of research, ____. a. only risk of psychological harm is acceptable […]

When we attempt to answer questions about why something happens, the purpose of our research is _____. a. exploration b. description c. explanation d. application If the researcher feels they will need to ask questions of the subjects, what is […]

It is often said that agency data are not designed for research purposes. Which of the following support that statement? a. some criminal justice agencies collect data because they want to help researchers b. often the data collected by criminal […]

Haney, Banks, and Zimbardo designed a simulated prison to measure ____. a. the dispositional hypothesis b. the innate predisposition to violence c. the situational hypothesis d. how violent inmates can be subdued The two essentials of science are ____. a. […]

Which type of study attempts to account for errors in drawing a sample by measuring the same people on two or more occasions? a. cohort study b. panel study c. trend study d. cross-sectional study In structured field observations, the […]

Which statement is a potential threat to internal validity in an experimental design? a. generalization b. instrumentation c. randomization d. correlation A(n) _____ can be thought of as a complex set of relationships among several concepts. a. analysis b. theory […]

Since its inception, the ____ has served as a measure to monitor the volume of crime, including crimes not reported to police. a. UCR b. NCVS c. NIBRS d. NSDUH Which of the following is accurate concerning data acquired during […]

A researcher is interested in how criminality is related to age and a large number of individuals of different ages at one point in time. This is a ____ study. a. trend b. cohort c. panel d. cross-sectional What is […]

The final stage of the research process is _____. a. interpretation b. literature review c. analysis d. application With regard to evaluation designs, which of the following statements is not accurate? a. variation in the levels of treatment delivered by […]

Criminals have a greater likelihood of being victims than noncriminals. Identify the biochemical conditions that may lead to antisocial behavior and crime and why these conditions do so. Answer: According to biochemical criminologists things such as maternal smoking and drinking, […]

The first scientific studies of criminology that applied the positivist model were conducted by _________. Bank fraud can encompass such diverse schemes as check kiting, check forgery, false statements on loan applications, sale of stolen checks, bank credit card fraud, […]

Define the three types of inchoate offenses and distinguish between them. Negative labels, such as being called a troublemaker, stigmatize the recipients of these labels and reduce their self-image. Those who accept or internalize these labels are more prone to […]

The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s _________ _________ _________ is the best known and most widely cited source of official criminal statistics. Social process theories hold that criminality is a function of human _________. Answer: socialization The defensive use of guns […]

Except for the crimes of _________ or _________ _________, males are more likely than females to be victims of crime. The _________ _________ _________ is sometimes used to justify torture. Answer: ticking bomb scenario _________ _________ involves norm violations or […]

Explain the elements of general deterrence. Be sure to discuss the importance of perceived punishment. _________ _________are not professional criminals. They are amateur criminals whose decision to steal is spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled, unplanned, and haphazard. Answer: Occasional […]

Empirical examinations of power-control theory find that girls who grow up in egalitarian families are more likely to be delinquent than girls who grow up in paternalistic families. Females are more likely than men to be victims of sexual assaults. […]

Some paraphilias’ activities are out of the law’s reach. _________ _________ occurs when a deviant event comes to the attention of significant others or social control agents who apply a negative label. Answer: Secondary deviance Define and explain the differences […]

Observed phenomena that can be quantified and measured is _________ _________ . Some critics are concerned that IT can compromise the _________ and _________ of U.S. citizens who have not engaged in criminal activity. Answer: privacy, liberty Children suffering from […]

The link between substance abuse and violence appears in three different formats. The format or concept of _________ _________ reflects the violent behavior that results from gang conflict inherent in the drug trade. As a group, _________ move freely in […]

Discuss Lombroso’s explanation for criminal behavior and what he contributed to modern criminology. During the _________ stage of the violentization process, a young victim develops a belligerent, angry demeanor as a result of being mistreated by abusive parents and caretakers. […]

Drug use is not a new concept. Smoking the extract from seeds of the _________ _________, known as “the plant of joy,” was practiced 5,000 years ago. Chronic offenders typically start offending at an older age. Answer: F According to […]

The Bureau of Justice Statistics compiles the Uniform Crime Report. Restorative justice discourages the involvement of the community in criminal punishments. Answer: F _________________ are acts of violence designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal. Answer: […]

British philosopher Jeremy Bentham wrote the book On Crimes and Punishment from which the Classical School was developed. In spite of its reauthorization in 2006, many civil libertarians express concerns about the USA Patriot Act and its ability to erode […]

Individuals who have been crime victims maintain a significantly higher chance of future victimization than people who have remained nonvictims. Criminal techniques are learned including the motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes associated with crime. Answer: T If a crime is […]

What is anomie, and what are the conditions that cause anomie? What is the relationship between race and crime? How is this relationship explained? Answer: Official crime data indicate that minority group members are involved in a disproportionate share of […]

Is the death penalty an effective deterrent? Why or why not? The _________ view of crime traces its antecedents to the symbolic interaction school of sociology. Answer: interactionist Ralf Dahrendorf argued that modern society is organized into a plurality of […]

Computer worms are similar to viruses except that they use computer networks or the Internet to do what? a. ‘swat” or ‘shoplist” merchandise b. “rip” or “crack” security codes c. crash websites d. self-replicate Errors in cognition and information processing […]

Which of the following is paying for nonmarital sex? a. transvestite fetishism b. prostitution c. pedophilia d. paraphilia The foundation of developmental theory can be traced to ____, who researched the life cycle of delinquent careers in the 1930s. a. […]

The availability of government and foundation research money has spurred criminological inquiry and it has also influenced the _______ of research. a. supervision b. management c. conducting d. direction Which technique of neutralization refers to youths denying that they are […]

The intent to commit the criminal act is known as: a. mens rea b. actus reus c. mala in se d. mala prohibitum What aspect of research may be questioned if studies are funded by organizations that have a vested […]

While politically appealing, controlling sex for profit is difficult because: a. Cyber forms of sex-related crimes are immune from prosecution. b. Right-wing zealots decry any attempt to constrain free speech. c. The Supreme Court holds that prostitution falls under constitutional […]

Which scheme involves telling victims that certain financial instruments have been issued by legitimate organization and investments are high payoff and low risks? a. investment embezzlement b. advanced fee scheme c. prime bank investment fraud d. hedge fund fraud Which […]

Observing a group of people who share a like characteristic, over time, is termed: a. sampling b. cross-sectional research c. meta-analysis d. cohort research What is known regarding repeat victimization/chronic victimization? a. Most repeat victimizations occur soon after a previous […]

If a youth experiences physical abuse, which type of strain did the youth experience according to general strain theory? a. achievement of positively valued goals b. disjunction of expectations and achievements c. removal of positively valued stimuli d. presentation of […]

A renewal stage in which obsolete housing is replaced and upgraded is known as: a. gentrification b. turnover c. transition d. organizational Richard Quinney’s theory that criminal definitions represent the interests of those who hold power in society is known […]

Terrorists groups have used the Internet to fund their operations. How is such funding accomplished? a. through fraudulent charitable organizations b. through bogus or ‘shell” companies c. through intellectual property crime d. Terrorist groups achieve funding via all these mechanisms. […]