Terrorists groups have used the Internet to fund their operations. How is such funding
accomplished?
a. through fraudulent charitable organizations
b. through bogus or ‘shell” companies
c. through intellectual property crime
d. Terrorist groups achieve funding via all these mechanisms.
Theft through the illegal reproduction and distribution of movies, software, games, and
music, is estimated to cost U.S. industries _____ worldwide each year.
a. $19 billion
b. $5 billion
c. $519 million
d. $19 million
If criminologists want to see the direct effect of one factor on another, such as
determining whether viewing a violent TV show will cause viewers to act aggressively,
they conduct:
a. experimental research
b. aggregate data research
c. cohort research
d. survey research
A number of environmental contaminants have been associated with emotional and
behavioral disorders. Which of the following has been linked to aggressive behaviors
on both a macro- or national level and on a micro- or individual level?
a. cadmium
b. lead
c. copper
d. zinc
Social learning theory suggests that crime is a/an ___ behavior
a. learned
b. chronic
c. group
d. isolated
Which of the following involves rubbing against or touching a nonconsenting person in
a crown or other public area?
a. voyeurism
b. asphyxiophilia
c. frotteurism
d. sadomasochism
_________ emerged from Native American culture; they require people accused of
breaking the law to meet with community members, victims, village elders, and agents
of the justice system.
a. Mediation programs
b. Sentencing circles
c. Jails
d. Probation
Most balanced and restorative justice (BARJ) programs are located within:
a. the locality’s juvenile justice system
b. the locality’s probation system
c. the locality’s adult criminal justice system
d. the locality’s social work system
Which of the following is the routine practice of paying radio stations to play songs?
a. play sharing
b. payola
c. music fraud
d. playing fraud
In 1848, Karl Marx issued his famous:
a. Communist Manifesto
b. Declaration of Marxism
c. Marxist Manifesto
d. Declaration of Dialectic Method
The life events most likely to enable adult offenders to desist from crime are:
a. religion and marriage
b. marriage and career
c. education and religion
d. marriage and education
When friends or parents demonstrate their disapproval of crime:
a. aging-out and desistance occur
b. disassociations occur
c. anomie occurs
d. definitions unfavorable toward criminality occur
The process of human development and enculturation is known as:
a. stigmatization
b. socialization
c. drift
d. amplification
Crimes less serious in nature and punished with a fine or a period of incarceration in a
jail are referred to as:
a. strict liability offenses
b. misdemeanors
c. felonies
d. wrongful offenses
_____ occurs when glucose in the blood falls below levels necessary for normal and
efficient brain functioning.
a. Conduct disorder
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Glucose
d. ADHD
The new phenomenon or form of cyber “entertainment” called ______ involves the use
of spoofing technology to call 9-1-1 in order to fake a critical emergency, such as
hostage situation, that draws a real-life response from law enforcement.
a. swatting
b. pigging
c. cuffing
d. copping
Sudden changes in police activity designed to increase the certainty of punishment are:
a. hot shot policing
b. crackdowns
c. focused patrol
d. punitive policing
During World War II, those who expressed resistance to the occupying German troops
were considered ______ by other Germans.
a. freedom fighters
b. heroes
c. terrorists
d. insurgents
Al-Qaeda is a _____ terror organization that believes there is a war of
civilizations in which “Jews and Crusaders” want to destroy Islam and must therefore
be defeated.
a. retributive
b. nationalist
c. revolutionary
d. political
_________terrorists use violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in
order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or
religious views.
a. Retributive
b. Political
c. Revolutionary
d. State sponsored
Explosive rage disorder is considered an important cause of spouse and child abuse,
suicide, aggressiveness, and motiveless homicide. This disorder is a type of:
a. cerebral allergy
b. minimal brain dysfunction
c. hormonal imbalance
d. neurotransmitter disorder
The antisocial personality concept seems to mesh with what is known about chronic
offending. What percent of chronic offenders exhibit sociopathic behavior patterns?
a. 20 percent
b. 40 percent
c. 60 percent
d. 80 percent
It may be that hackers are regularly mistaken for terrorists. According to some experts,
how many cases of cyber terrorism have been recorded?
a. none
b. two hundred
c. two thousand
d. two hundred thousand
Failing to pay taxes on time and report income are examples of which type of tax fraud:
a. passive neglect
b. active neglect
c. unintentional neglect
d. careless nelgect
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act made it a crime to:
a. plant slag code into a computer system
b. steal or attempt to steal someone’s identity via the Internet
c. access computer systems without authorization
d. circumvent antipiracy measures in most commercial software
According to Marx, those at the bottom of the class structure are the ___ who produce
nothing and live off the work of others.
a. proletariat
b. capitalist bourgeoisie
c. lumpen proletariat
d. lumpen bourgeoisie
In a given year, guns account for ____ of all reported homicides.
a. 1/2
b. 2/3
c. 3/4
d. 1/8
The use of torture was brought to attention in 2007 due to the CIA routine use of which
technique:
a. waterboarding
b. electric shock
c. hitting
d. interrogation
What do studies of MZ and DZ twins indicate?
a. There is a significantly higher risk for suicidal behavior among MZ twin pairs
than DZ twin pairs.
b. MZ twin pairs who suffer child abuse are more likely to engage in antisocial
activity more often than DZ twin pairs.
c. If one member of a twin pair was delinquent, so was the other and the effect
was greater for MZ twin pairs.
d. Studies indicate all these findings.
A type of auto theft involving gunmen approaching a car and forcing the owner to give
up the keys is known as:
a. carjacking
b. joyriding
c. prestige-jacking
d. situational inducement
____ cause an excessive reaction in the brain, whereas ____ affect the nervous system.
Both are linked to mental, emotional, and behavioral problems.
a. Endo-allergies; neuroallergies
b. Neuroallergies; cerebral allergies
c. Cerebral allergies; neuroallergies
d. Neuroallergies; endo-allergies
Biosocial theorists have evaluated the association between violent behavior episodes
and hormone levels. Their findings suggest that abnormal levels of these male sex
hormones influence the neocortex and have been linked to aggressive behavior.
a. androgens
b. glycogens
c. endorphins
d. endogens
Which of the following is not an antisocial behavior that problem behavior syndrome
argues affects likelihood of criminal behavior?
a. unemployment
b. free will
c. family dysfunction
d. abuse
Which of the following involves systematic theft of company property by employees?
a. pilferage
b. payola
c. labor theft
d. labor fraud
Poverty-ridden neighborhoods which suffer high rates of population turnover and are
incapable of inducing residents to remain are known as:
a. concentric neighborhoods
b. gated neighborhoods
c. transitional neighborhoods
d. at-risk neighborhoods
Explain and discuss the general principles of the life course theory.
Who are moral crusaders and how have their views and efforts shaped our society and
legal system?
When young offenders sometimes claim their unlawful acts were simply not their fault,
it is known as denial of responsibility.
The _________ are more likely to be victims of frauds and scams.
Discuss the various reasons why juveniles commit arsons.
_________ is a type of car theft that occurs when a gunman forces the car’s owner to
give up the keys.
Labeling theories argue that intervention by the criminal justice system serves as a
highly successful deterrent at preventing subsequent delinquent acts.
Describe the relationship between socialization and crime. What are the prominent
elements of socialization that contribute to a criminal career?
The majority of research on terrorists indicates that most terrorists are psychologically
abnormal, thus supporting the psychological view of terrorist motivation.
Discuss the causes of child abuse.
_________ _________occurs when the rules expressed in the criminal law clash with
the demands of group conduct norms.
Compare and contrast occasional criminals with professional criminals. Include in your
discussion, Sutherland’s professional thief and Klockars’ professional fence.
Examining the rates of children in single-parent families by race _________ is the
racial group with the most children living in single-parent families.
Fear of the death penalty has been an effective tool for increasing officer safety. When
the death penalty is in effect, it creates a safer environment for police officers.
Identify and explain the four stages of the violentization process.
_________ _________, in his Philadelphia cohort research, identified a small group of
chronic offenders who engaged in frequent and repeated criminal activity across their
life spans.
Property crimes rates have _________ in recent years although this change has not been
as dramatic as that experienced for the violent crime rate.
Why was the pioneering research of the Gluecks ignored for nearly 30 years?
a. Because it was not widely published in academic circles.
b. Because other research disproved their findings.
c. Because the focus of criminological inquiry shifted to social and
social-psychological factors.
d. Because the depression and World War II detracted society’s attention from crime and
criminality.
Male offenders seem to have more serious mental health symptoms, including
schizophrenia, paranoia, and obsessive behaviors, than female offenders.