The link between substance abuse and violence appears in three different formats. The
format or concept of _________ _________ reflects the violent behavior that results
from gang conflict inherent in the drug trade.
As a group, _________ move freely in sparsely populated areas and transported goods
such as spirits, gems, and gold.
Adding a security guard to reduce shoplifting in a department store is an example of a
crime __________.
According to _________ _________, over the history of the human species, aggressive
males have had the greatest impact on the gene pool.
In the 1930s, Sutherland first used the phrase to describe _________ _________.
_________ the criminal activities of the rich and powerful.
_________ _________or _________ _________ are violent acts directed toward a
particular person or members of a group merely because the targets share a discernible
racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristic.
Explain Wolfgang, Figlio and Sellin’s research on chronic offending. What are
some implications of this research?
The type of white-collar crime that includes antitrust violations, price fixing, and false
advertising is known as corporate crime.
If a state environmental agency were to fail to enforce laws, resulting in the pollution of
public waterways, it would be an example of what type of state political crime?
a. human rights violations
b. state violence
c. state-corporate crime
d. political corruption
The covert pathway involves aggressive acts that escalate from annoying others and
bullying, to physical fighting, and later to violence.
Explain Akers’ differential reinforcement theory and discuss how it is associated with,
or employs, concepts from Sutherland’s differential association.
Explain the link between peers and delinquency. How does social learning theory
explain this link?
Most credit card fraud is the work of amateurs who acquire stolen cards through theft or
mugging and then use them for two or three days.
Describe how the Uniform Crime Report is compiled and the validity concerns
associated with this method of measuring crime.
Aging-out is explained by latent trait theory in that one’s propensity to commit crime
remains changes over the life course. Only the opportunity to commit crime fluctuates
over time.
_________ _________ offers the principle that becoming a criminal is a learning
process in which potential delinquents and criminals master techniques that enable them
to counterbalance or neutralize conventional value and drift back and forth between
illegitimate and conventional behavior.
Secondary crime prevention programs focus on those who are at risks of becoming
criminal