A renewal stage in which obsolete housing is replaced and upgraded is known as:
a. gentrification
b. turnover
c. transition
d. organizational
Richard Quinney’s theory that criminal definitions represent the interests of those who
hold power in society is known as:
a. Marxist feminism
b. radical feminism
c. social reality of crime
d. dialectic method
A person convicted under RICO is subjected to _____ and a 25,000 dollar fine.
a. a year in jail
b. 5 years in prison
c. 20 years in prison
d. 30 years in prison
Rational choice theory is rooted in the classical school of criminology developed by:
a. James Q. Wilson
b. Cesare Beccaria
c. Jeremy Bentham
d. Andrew Von Hirsch
How can deterrence strategies explain white-collar crime?
a. because white collar criminals are difficult to shame
b. because white collar crime is a rational act
c. because federal agencies are eager to throw criminal executives in prison
d. because white collar criminals conceive of themselves as more threatening than street
criminals
Consider the relationship between patriarchy, powerlessness and crime. When
lower-class males are shut out of the economic opportunity structure, they try to build
their self-image through acts of machismo; such acts may involve:
a. self-mutilation
b. violent abuse of women
c. drug use
d. the use of weapons
Which explanation might account for the variance between male and female crime
rates?
a. Females are socialized to be less aggressive than males.
b. Females are more likely to than males to respond to anger with feelings of
depression, anxiety, fear, or shame.
c. Females are more likely than males to attempt to negotiate when faced with conflict.
d. Each of these explanations might account for the variance between male and female
crime rates.
William is the first person in his school to get the latest electronic gadget. All the other
kids at his high school want the gadget and admire it. According to which type of
characteristic does this represent that could make William more likely to be a victim of
a crime?
a. target vulnerability
b. target gratifiability
c. target antagonism
d. target hardening
Von Hentig and Schafer believed that the study of crime was not complete unless the
___ role was considered.
a. society’s
b. offender’s
c. victim’s
d. media’s
This occurs when norm violations or crimes have very little influence on the actor and
can be quickly forgotten:
a. anomie
b. primary deviance
c. secondary deviance
d. stigma
Research on criminal behavior systems and specific categories of crime provides
criminologists with a deeper understanding of why people commit certain types of
crime. This knowledge is used to develop:
a. crime reduction strategies
b. crime theories
c. victimization patterns
d. sentencing guidelines
This type of terrorist group uses violence to frighten those in power with the aim of
replacing the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or
religious views.
a. nationalist terrorists
b. political terrorists
c. revolutionary terrorists
d. retributive terrorists
The USA Patriot Act, enacted after the terrorist attacks of September 11th:
a. gave sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international
intelligence agencies
b. provided funding for increased military presence in the Middle East
c. outraged the majority of American citizens who demanded its immediate repeal
d. failed to include provision to allow for the monitoring of cable-based records and
systems
Approximately _____ percent of youths with criminal fathers become chronic
offenders.
a. 10
b. 38
c. 47
d. 53
The FBI uses which model as their standard investigative tool for organized crime
groups?
a. enterprise theory of investigation
b. organized crime investigation
c. theory of organized crime investigation
d. new organized crime investigation
Eighteenth century thieves who moved freely in sparsely populated areas and
transported goods, such as spirits, gems, gold, and spices, without bothering to pay tax
or duty were known as:
a. skilled thieves
b. poachers
c. smugglers
d. burglars
Which type of rape involves unwanted sexual contact after the victim has voluntarily
taken drugs or alcohol?
a. toxic rape
b. drug-facilitated rape
c. incapacitated rape
d. drug rape
While many wonder how people can be so easily duped, the government’s Internet
fraud center receives 200,000 complaints yearly, and Internet scams result in over ____
in losses each year.
a. $10 billion
b. $10 million
c. $240 billion
d. $240 million
According to the critical feminist view, exploitation triggers the onset of female
delinquent and deviant behavior. When female victims run away and abuse substances,
they may be reacting to:
a. abuse they have suffered at home
b. stigmatization they have suffered at school
c. labeling they have suffered at school
d. stigmatization they have suffered at home
Legally defining obscenity is complicated. To clarify how the concept of community
standards were to be determined, the Supreme Court articulated the reasonableness
doctrine in the case of:
a. Pope v. Illinois
b. Miller v. California
c. Memoirs v. Massachusetts
d. Roth v. United States
In what type of families do husbands and wives share similar positions of power at
home and the workplace?
a. matriarchal
b. patriarchal
c. paternalistic
d. egalitarian
When one believes that others view them as antisocial or a troublemaker, he or she may
take on attitudes and roles that reflect these assumptions. This is known as:
a. reflected appraisal
b. reflective role-taking
c. stigma
d. primary deviance
What is known about the marriage factor and crime?
a. People who maintain successful marriages are more likely to mature out of crime.
b. Marriage stabilizes people.
c. The marriage benefit may be intergenerational.
d. All of these are known.
Which theorist argued that modern society is organized into imperatively coordinated
associations: those who possess authority and those who lack authority?
a. Willem Bonger
b. Ralf Dahrendorf
c. George Vold
d. Karl Marx
What are the three branches of social structure theory?
a. social learning theory, social disorganization theory, and cultural deviance theory
b. cultural deviance theory, deprivation theory, strain theory
c. cultural deviance theory, anomie theory, deprivation theory
d. social disorganization theory, strain theory, cultural deviance theory
The condition that exists when people of wealth and poverty live in close proximity to
one another is known as:
a. general strain
b. anomie reaction
c. negative stimuli reaction
d. relative deprivation
A corporation requiring customers to use one of its other services that it offers is:
a. group boycott
b. tying arrangement
c. division of markets
d. price fixing
Operation Bullpen was a federal government effort aimed at stopping a major ____
operation in the sports memorabilia industry.
a. churning
b. front running
c. swindle
d. chiseling
An act that is intended to disrupt and change the government and is not merely a
common-law crime committed for greed or egotism is:
a. espionage
b. terrorism
c. fraud
d. election fraud
Control theories argue that noncriminal individuals have developed a _______ which
requires them to obey the laws of society.
a. commitment to conformity
b. tie to society
c. dedication to norms
d. fear of criminal punishment
What fact indicates that car thieves use rational choice when stealing vehicles?
a. they steal vehicles owned by rental agencies to help avoid detection
b. they steal vehicles that are likely to go unnoticed for days or weeks
c. they steal vehicles that contain high-speed capability
d. they steal vehicles because of the high profit potential
The three components of deterrence theory are severity, certainty, and speed of legal
sanctions (punishment). Of these components, deterrence theorists tend to believe that
the ___ of punishment seems to have the strongest impact.
a. severity
b. certainty
c. speed
d. the impact of the components is equal
According to the _________ _________ view, limiting environmental crimes to actual
violations of the criminal law is too narrow. Environmental damage that occurs in Third
World counties must also be considered.
_________ _________focuses on the mental processes and how people perceive and
mentally represent the world around them and solve problems.
Discuss what is meant by the phrase “the ecology of crime.” Explain how crime rates
are impacted by each ecology factor.
The _________ _________ _________, passed in 2001, provided new powers to
domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies in an effort to fight
terrorism. This legislation expanded all traditional tools of surveillance.
Merton found that culturally defined goals and socially approved means interact to
produce _________ conditions.
Describe the four different types of robbers. In your discussion identify which type is
the most frequent offender. Also, identify which type is the most likely to be caught.
Critical criminologists are more likely to examine historical trends and ___, rather than
to use more empirical methods such as surveys and data analysis.
Discuss the relationship between obscenity and pornography. Why is this relationship
so complex?
According to the _________ perspective, environmental crimes are violations of
existing criminal laws designed to protect people and the environment
Define patriarchy and discuss the differences between a paternalistic family and an
egalitarian family.
_________ _________ is asystematic set of interrelated statements that explain some
aspect of social life.
_________ _________occurs when there are sexual relations between an underage
(minor) victim and an adult.
Explain sentencing circles and how they differ from other more traditional types of
punishment (e.g., incarceration).
The view that women who commit crimes have biological and psychological traits
similar to men is known as the _________ _________ .
The _________ of lawis also referred to as the study of law and society and is
concerned with the way social forces shape criminal law.
According to Akers and Burgess, _________ _________ occurs when deviant and
conventional behaviors are learned and reinforced by interactions with others.
In the early West, ________ were set up to pursue cattle rustlers and stagecoach
robbers.
Shifting definitions of deviant behavior are closely associated with our concepts of
crime.
Most serial murderers select victims who are defenseless or who cannot count on police
protection or who are vulnerable in some fashion, such as prostitutes, gay men,
hitchhikers, or hospital patients. Such target selection is clearly the result of _________
planning.
According to Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime, the propensity to
commit crime is tied directly to a person’s level of _________ _________ .