International Business: The New Realities 4th Edition

PART 1 FOUNDATION CONCEPTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS? Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER Consider having everyone in class introduce themselves. One way to initiate introductions is distribute random pages torn from business magazines, in which each person receives one page. Next each student circles words on the page

SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TO CASE QUESTIONS 1-4. What is the nature of the international business environments Harley faces? What types of risk does the firm face? Domestic and international environment: complex and risky All FOUR types of risks in international business are present: Cross-cultural Risk Harley-Davidson Motor Company and Buell Motorcycle Company

QUESTIONS 1-1. What advantages does Facebook obtain from doing business in international markets? Capitalizing upon the global interdependency and interconnectedness among economic, political, social forces on professional and personal levels. Facebook knows so much about its usersthe site contains precise information on userinterests, who voluntarily upload such information. The information is priceless

PART 2 THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CHAPTER 10 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING IN THE GLOBAL FIRM Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER This chapter explores international financial management, which refers to obtaining and using funds for cross-border trade, investment, and other commercial activities. Financial management is a principal function for all companies,

THE GOAL IS TO MINIMIZE INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY RISKS. QUESTIONS 10-1. HOW DOES MARKEL CORPORATION GAIN AND LOSE FROM FLUCTUATING EXCHANGE RATES? (LO 10.5; AACSB: Application of knowledge) Markel quotes prices in its customers currencies. Foreign customers prefer this, and this has earned Markel a strong market share in this industry.

10-18. Ethical Dilemma: Suppose you are president of West Turner Bank (WTB). WTB made loans for major construction projects in countries in Eastern Europe and North Africa. However, WTBs fortunes declined in recent years and the bank now faces financial ruin. WTB senior management decided to call in loans made to these countries, to

PART 3 STRATEGY AND OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 11 STRATEGY AND ORGANIZATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL FIRM Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER This chapter marks a transition in the textbook and in the course that moves us from a macro-level analysis of international business to the micro, or firm, level. In Chapter 11, we

QUESTIONS 11-1. What strategies and other approaches does IKEA follow that have allowed the firm to become the worlds leading furniture retailer? (LO 11.1; AACSB: Application of knowledge) Strategy- Targeting a global customer segment allows IKEA to offer standardized products at uniform prices, leveraging global economies by consolidating worldwide design, purchasing,and manufacturing.

11-19. Ethical Dilemma: You were recently hired as a manager for international operations of Despoyle Chemical Corporation, a major manufacturer of dyes, fertilizers, and other industrial chemicals. Despoyle has chemical production plants in 28 countries, including many developing economies. It has a decentralized organizational structure, and managers in individual countries operate their plants independently

PART 3 STRATEGY AND OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 12 GLOBAL MARKET OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER With this chapter, the class begins to explore how managers decide how and in what countries they will do business internationally. Again, reinforce to students that we are working at the micro, or

QuESTIONS 12-1. Why is it challenging to estimate demand in emerging markets? (LO 12.4; AACSB: Application of knowledge) Estimating the demand for products/services in emerging markets is challenging because of the unique commercial environments. They are limited in terms of reliable data, market research firms, and trained interviewers. The informal

PART 4 ENTERING AND WORKING IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS CHAPTER 13 EXPORTING AND GLOBAL SOURCING Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER Market entry strategies consist of exporting, sourcing, foreign direct investment, licensing, franchising, and non-equity alliances. This chapter explains one type of foreign market entry strategy: Exporting, and in so doing, also discusses

QUESTIONS 13-1. As described in the case, what are the benefits of exporting? (LO 13.1; AACSB: Application of knowledge) As an entry strategy, exporting is low cost, low risk, and uncomplicated. These are big advantages for smaller firms like Vellus that typically lack substantial financialand human resources. Exporting helps stabilize fluctuations in

13-22. Moose & Walrus (M&W) is a manufacturer of a popular line of clothing for young people. M&W is firmly established in its home market, which is relatively saturated and has little prospects for future sales growth. Top management has decided to export M&Ws clothing line to Japan, Turkey, and various European countries.

PART 4 ENTERING AND WORKING IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS CHAPTER 14 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND COLLABORATIVE VENTURES Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER This chapter discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) and joint ventures. Compared to exporting, these two foreign entry strategies are usually considered to be on the risky end of the risk/return continuum.

QUESTIONS 14-1. What are the main characteristics of Africa as a market for mobile telephones? (LO 14.1; AACSB: Application of knowledge) With a population just over one billion, Africa is the worlds second most populous continent. continent. continent. Recently Africa has been growing economically in part due to increased investment from abroad. from

14-13. What are the major motives for undertaking FDI for a small firm whose sales are dwindling in its home market? For a firm that wants to enter a country with high trade barriers? For a firm with high manufacturing costs in its home market? For a hotel chain? For a large,

PART 4 ENTERING AND WORKING IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS CHAPTER 15 LICENSING, FRANCHISING, AND OTHER CONTRACTUAL STRATEGIES Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER This chapter discusses types of contractual relationships and their role in international business. Coverage is given to licensing and franchising, and other arrangements as well. Much of the focus

QUESTIONS 15-1. How does Warner generate royalties by using contractual entry strategies? (LO 15.1; AACSB: Application of knowledge) Warner licenses with many types of companies worldwide to use Potter-related images on manufactured products like game software, childrens furniture, school supplies, toys, and clothing in exchange for a royalty, a percentage of the

PART 5 FUNCTIONAL AREA EXCELLENCE CHAPTER 16 MARKETING IN THE GLOBAL FIRM Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER This chapter discusses how marketing program elements are affected by international business. It focuses on how companies manage the balancing act between adaptation and standardization when selling products in international markets. A good

QUESTIONS 16-1. What international marketing strategies have been key to Kors success? (LO 16.1; AACSB: Application of knowledge) Global marketing strategy in the fashion industry. International tourists account for a large proportion of international sales. Standardized marketing sends a consistent, clear message to global consumers. Global marketing strategy in the fashion

PART 5 FUNCTIONAL AREA EXCELLENCE CHAPTER 17 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE GLOBAL FIRM Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER This chapter discusses the strategic role of human resources in international business. As firms become increasingly international, and their subsidiaries span many countries over many continents, there is a greater need for

QUESTIONS 17-1. How does J&Js Credo help guide employee behavior around the world? The cornerstone of Johnson & Johnsons (J&J) six-decade old Credo is their high regard for human resources. The Credo provides an overarching policy for delegating decision making to HR directorsworldwide. For example, in India HR managers have the freedom

PART 1 FOUNDATION CONCEPTS CHAPTER 2 GLOBALIZATION OF MARKETS AND THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE FIRM Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER The Value Chain concept is central to this chapter. To ensure that students understand this concept, you might start the chapter with a basic example. Project the basic value chain model on

SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TO CASE QUESTIONS QUESTIONS: 2-1. What are the main characteristics of born global firms? Born globals target a dozen or more countries within the first few years of their inception. Their agility and flexibility help them better serve both foreign and domesticcustomers. inception. Their agility and flexibility help them better serve

2-18. Globalization provides numerous advantages to businesses and consumers around the world. At the same time, some critics believe that globalization is harming various aspects of life and commerce. In what ways is globalization good for firms and consumers? In what ways is globalization harmful to firms and consumers? Globalization- PROS Positive consequences of

PART 2 THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CHAPTER 3 THE CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER Many will be familiar with Richard D. Lewis When Cultures Collide and more recently, The Cultural Imperative. Grounded in experience, interviews and observations, the LMR (Linear-active, Multi-active, and Reactive) model,

QUESTIONS: 3-1. Why are the Chinese such heavy users of the Internet? (LO 3.2; LO 3.5; AACSB: Reflective thinking) Government bans Western social media sites that may be critical of the Chinese government, such as Facebook and YouTube. So Chinese citizens flock to local social sites, such as Baidu,which features a search

APPLY YOUR UNDERSTANDING 3-18. Suppose you get a job at Kismet Indemnity, a life insurance company. In its 45-year history, Kismet has never done any international business. Now its president, Randall Fraser, wants to expand abroad. You have noted in meetings that he seems to lack much awareness of the role of culture.

PART 2 THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CHAPTER 4 ETHICS, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, SUSTAINABILITY AND GOVERNANCE IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER The concepts of ethics and legal frameworks are central to this chapter. Considering that students may not have experienced substantial exposure to these concepts prior to taking this course, the

QUESTIONS: 4-1. Give examples of unethical or unsustainable behavior that firms in the food and beverage industry might undertake. Endangering water supplies Pollution Marketing soft drinks to teenagers Inferior workplace conditions in developing economies Pollution Marketing soft drinks to teenagers Inferior workplace conditions in developing economies Pollution

APPLY YOUR UNDERSTANDING 4-21. Ethical Dilemma: You were recently hired by ThunderCat Corporation, a major aircraft producer with a manufacturing presence in numerous countries. ThunderCats sales personnel constantly travel the world, selling fighter jets and commercial aircraft to airlines and foreign governments. You are keenly aware that countries vary enormously in terms of culture,

PART 2 THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CHAPTER 5 THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INVESTMENT Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER Question: What do a Scottish Political Economist (Adam Smith), a British Political Economist (David Ricardo), Two Swedish Economists (Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin), a Russian-born Economist (Wassily Leontief), Two Harvard Professors (Raymond Vernon

QUESTIONS: 5-1. Explain why most Apple products are made outside the firms home country, the United States. (LO 5.4; AACSB: Reflective thinking) Global sourcing: The advantages provided by suppliers and nations in Asia, Europe, and elsewhere have propelled Apple to global success. elsewhere have propelled Apple to global success. elsewhere have propelled

V. END OF CHAPTER QUESTIONS TEST YOUR COMPREHENSION 5.9. Describe the classical theories of international trade. Which theories do you believe are relevant today? (LO 5.1; AACSB: Application of knowledge) There are five classical perspectives explaining the underlying rationale for trade among nations: The Mercantilist View- exports are good, imports are bad, thus

5-19. Ethical Dilemma: To reduce poverty in Africa, government officials want to increase African exports to Europe. Africas top exports include agricultural products, such as meat, coffee, peanuts, and fruit, and many Africans depend on food exports for their livelihood. However, the European Union (EU) imposes high trade barriers on the import of agricultural

PART 2 THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CHAPTER 6 POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS IN NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER Who knows the difference between common law and civil law? There are four major legal systems: Common Law, Civil Law, Religious Law, and Mixed Systems. The rule of law implies

QUESTIONS 6-1. What is the nature of country and political risk in Russia? (LO 6.5; AACSB: Application of knowledge) Country risk is defined as exposure to potential loss or adverse effects on company operations and profitability caused by developments in a countrys political and/or legal environments. Sometimes termed political risk, it is one

Market economy Market economies- decisions regarding production levels, consumption, investment, and savings resulting from the interaction of supply and demand (market forces). Economic decisions are left to individuals and firms. Government intervention in the marketplace is limited. Capitalism (private ownership of production) is closely aligned with marketeconomies. State should

PART 2 THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CHAPTER 7 GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER Governments have long intervened in international business, hindering the free flow of trade and investment. Intervention can take many forms- tariffs and quotas, restrictions on international investment, bureaucratic procedures and red tape,

7-1. Describe the nature of government intervention in India? What is the likely effect on business activities? (LO 7.1; LO 7.3; AACSB: Application of knowledge) Government intervention creates a bureaucratic nightmare for businesses- trade barriers, business regulations, import taxes, and controls on foreign investment are substantial- with tariffs averaging over 15% on many

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 1994- NAFTA (http://www.nafta-sec-alena.org)- Canada, the U.S. and Mexico Most significant economic bloc in the Americas Maquiladora program facilitated NAFTA passage - since the 1960s U.S. firms have located manufacturing facilities just south of the U.S. border, and access low-cost labor without havingto

GlobalEDGE INTERNET EXERCISES http://globaledge.msu.edu 7-22. Your firm is considering exporting to two countries: Kenya and Vietnam. However, managements knowledge about the trade policies of these countries is limited. Conduct a search at globalEDGE to identify the current import policies, tariffs, and restrictions in these countries. Prepare a brief report on your findings.

PART 2 THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CHAPTER 8 UNDERSTANDING EMERGING MARKETS Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER Did you know that the worlds number three and four top-selling beer brands are produced by new global challengers based in Brazil (Skol, made by InBev) and China (Snow, made by China Resources Snow

QUESTIONS 8-1. What are the emerging markets? Give examples of emerging markets. (LO 8.1; AACSB: Application of knowledge) Emerging market countries are a subset of developing countries, which are enjoying rapidly improving living standards and a growing middle class with rising economic aspirations. Importance in the world economy is increasing as

8-15. What social and sustainability characteristics are typical of emerging markets? What can businesses do to support the development of poor countries in emerging markets? (LO 8.6; AACSB: Reflective thinking) Leading firms display good corporate social responsibility by engaging in activities that facilitate economic development in emerging market and developing economies. that facilitate

PART 2 THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CHAPTER 9 THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY AND FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT Instructors Manual by Marta Szabo White, Ph.D. I. LECTURE STARTER/LAUNCHER 1. Which currency is the second largest reserve currency in the world as well as the second most traded currency in the world? Answer: The euro Second largest reserve currency

QUESTIONS 9-1. What benefits does using a single currency, the euro, provide to European countries? (LO 9.1; AACSB: Application of knowledge) A common currency, such as the euro: Integrates the EU economies into a unified whole Eliminates risks from multiple exchange rates Facilitates trade and price comparisons Simplifies accounting, financial & marketing

9-12. Distinguish the two systems that make up the exchange rate system today. Visit MyManagementLab for suggested answers. (LO 9.3; AACSB: Application of knowledge) 9-13. What is the difference between the international monetary system and the global financial system? (LO 9.4; AACSB: Application of knowledge) International monetary system- refers to the

Governments have facilitated economic integration by lowering barriers to international trade and investment, harmonizing their monetary and fiscal policies within regional economic integration blocs. TRUE TRUE TRUE Many emerging market economies are dominated by family-owned rather than publicly owned businesses. TRUE TRUE TRUE Value chain is the collection of logistics specialists and activities

Which of the following best characterizes the concept of global integration? A) Effective global competition requires that products be specialized based on the market. B) Making adjustments for unique markets is an essential element of international business. C) Creating variations of the same product for different markets is an unnecessary expense. D) The differences

Firms use foreign trade zones to ________. A) consolidate market monopolies B) assemble foreign dutiable materials and components into finished products, which are then re-exported C) create employment opportunities for the local people D) meet quota demands established by the government B B B ________ is the tendency of investors to mimic each others' actions. A)

Developing new product designs and new ways of organizing or training are some of the ways in which companies innovate. TRUE TRUE TRUE Grease payments intended to expedite transactions are both accepted and legal in many countries. TRUE TRUE TRUE Expatriates usually do not receive the benefits normally accorded to home-country employees. FALSE

Cross-cultural proficiency is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) perceptiveness B) flexibility and adaptability C) valuing personal relationships D) tolerance for ambiguity D D D ________ tends to worsen culture shock. A) The ability to speak more than one language B) Proximity to family C) Inadequate cross-cultural skills D) High adaptability C C C Wonder Cat Licensing

The problem of noncomparable outcomes arises because of differences in economic, political, legal, and cultural variables. TRUE TRUE TRUE International Management Qualifications (Scenario) Core Computer Corporation (CCC) recently opened a customer service facility in New Delhi, India. Managers of the Texas-based firm have been displeased with the local manager hired to run

Which of the following best explains why India was once characterized by high country risk? A) taxes and financial incentives benefited Indian businesses over foreign firms B) Indian business leaders distrusted most European corporations C) political leaders enacted laws that targeted foreign firms for harassment D) Indian leaders feared the modern influences of American firms C

Which of the following is NOT true about Islam? A) Islam prohibits gambling. B) Islam condemns charging interest for money loaned. C) Islam discourages free trade. D) Islam prohibits drinking alcoholic drinks . C C C Through ________, a subsidiary can defer payment for goods and services received from its parent firm. A) trade credits B) royalty

Typically, administrative and bureaucratic procedures ________. A) speed up the investment activities of firms B) hinder the activities of importers C) boost investment activities D) harm late importers B B B Which of the following is characteristic of cross-border contractual relationships? A) When compared to FDI, they are less susceptible to volatility and risk, and tend

All else being equal, the greater the demand for a currency, the lower its price; the lower the demand for a currency, the higher its price. FALSE FALSE FALSE Converging tastes of consumers worldwide promote traditional lifestyles. FALSE FALSE FALSE Strategic global teams identify or implement initiatives that enhance the long-term direction

Which of the following is subject to importing and exporting? A) both finished products and intermediate goods B) finished products but not intermediate goods C) intermediate goods but not raw materials D) raw materials and components, but not finished products A A A ________ refers to sourcing from the firm's own production facilities. A) Captive sourcing B)

Technological advances have helped make internationalization affordable for all sizes of firms. TRUE TRUE TRUE Commodities, industrial equipment, and technology products are difficult to standardize. FALSE FALSE FALSE Regional integration greatly increases the scale of the marketplace for firms inside the economic bloc. TRUE TRUE TRUE Ethics and appropriate behavior transcend all international

According to Porter, the competitive advantage of a nation depends on the collective competitive advantages of the nation's firms. TRUE TRUE TRUE Firms prefer HCNs when the host-country environment is complex and their specialized knowledge or local connections are required in the local marketplace. TRUE TRUE TRUE In expatriate compensation, tax equalization is

The relocation of a business process or entire manufacturing facility to a foreign country is known as ________. A) offshoring B) captive sourcing C) outsourcing D) subsidizing A A A Which of the following would most likely be considered an appropriate action for a multinational company in meeting its global corporate social responsibility obligations? A) lowering

Nations with economies based on agriculture and textile manufacturing generate more economic revenue than do nations with many high-tech industries. FALSE FALSE FALSE Global sourcing eliminates the possibility of new rivals being created in a country. FALSE FALSE FALSE Given the complexities of international business, manufacturing is generally the only value-chain activity

The failure rate of collaborative ventures is higher in developing economies than in advanced economies. TRUE TRUE TRUE With a global strategy, headquarters seeks substantial control over its country operations in order to minimize redundancy and achieve maximum efficiency, learning, and integration worldwide. TRUE TRUE TRUE Offshoring is a process of creative

Which of the following reflects the major contribution of GATT to globalization? A) It instituted strict controls on international currencies. B) It simplified patent and copyright laws. C) It reduced barriers to international trade and investment. D) It eliminated the divide between the rich and the poor. C C C Governments have facilitated economic integration

Adaptation is often necessitated due to ________. A) differences across countries in language, culture, economic conditions, and other factors B) unstable demand C) high import tariffs D) similarities in customer preferences across various demographic groups worldwide and the increased emphasis on the homogenization of global markets A A A The Coca-Cola Company is an example

Global sourcing hinders firms from freeing expensive analysts, engineers, and managers from routine tasks. FALSE FALSE FALSE The global capital market has grown rapidly due to government deregulation, which has made international movement of capital easier. TRUE TRUE TRUE Infringement of intellectual property is the unauthorized use or reproduction of products and services protected

Over the last few decades, export activity by nations has grown more quickly than has domestic production. TRUE TRUE TRUE According to the indexing and ranking method for choosing the most promising target market, the researcher assigns scores to countries based on their overall market attractiveness. TRUE TRUE TRUE China is an

Tariffs rarely vary with the form of an imported product. FALSE FALSE FALSE Corporate codes of conduct emphasize standards related to ethics and social responsibilities. TRUE TRUE TRUE Local tradition, culture, and cost of living do not influence compensation packages. FALSE FALSE FALSE In cultures with a monochronic view of time, people view

When assessing the firm's readiness to internationalize, managers peer into their organization to determine the degree to which it has the resources necessary to successfully engage in international business. TRUE TRUE TRUE Estimating project cash flows is complex and requires forecasting a range of variables that contribute to anticipated revenues and

When sourcing relies on foreign suppliers or production bases, it is known as global sourcing or offshoring. TRUE TRUE TRUE Treaties that support international protection of intellectual property harm developing economies due to high capital investment. FALSE FALSE FALSE Born global firms are young companies that internationalize early in their evolution. TRUE TRUE

Which of the following best characterizes the functions of the World Bank? A) monitor interest rates in emerging economies B) provide loans and technical assistance to developing countries C) offer financial assistance to small businesses D) initiate trading for impoverished nations B B B Which of the following exemplifies local content requirements? A) Titania charges a

Convergence of consumer preferences has led to an enhanced emphasis on standardization which implies that ________. A) the consistently rising prices of consumer goods have led to a demand vacuum in the market B) the distance between consumers worldwide has increased with the advent of technology C) the raw materials, parts, and components sourced

Which of the following is true with regard to firm-level theories? A) Firm-level theories are classical theories, widely accepted since the sixteenth century. B) Firm-level explanations address the question: "How can internationalizing firms gain and sustain competitive advantage?" C) Firm-level explanations address the question: "Why do nations trade?" D) Firm-level theories do not address the

Which of the following types of assumptions is the cause of most problems between business managers and foreign employees? A) geocentric assumptions B) ethnocentric assumptions C) polycentric assumptions D) religious assumptions B B B Which of the following countries hosts the greatest number of MNEs? A) Germany B) Japan C) Netherlands D) United States D D D Which of the

If last year one dollar equaled one euro, and then the exchange rate shifted so that today one dollar equals two euros, which of the following would most likely NOT occur? A) European firms would pay more for raw materials imported from the United States. B) European consumers would purchase fewer U.S. products

Currency Arbitragers are currency traders who seek to minimize their risk of exchange-rate fluctuations, often by entering into forward contracts or similar financial instruments. FALSE FALSE FALSE Relative efficiency of production refers to the total value of assets that MNEs own abroad via their investment activities. FALSE FALSE FALSE Born globals have

MNEs with a global mindset encourage an ethnocentric orientation among managers and employees working abroad. FALSE FALSE FALSE Confiscation is the seizure of assets with compensation. FALSE FALSE FALSE A patent exclusively refers to a distinctive design, symbol, logo, word, or series of words placed on a product label. FALSE FALSE FALSE In