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1.Mosthistoriansascribethelabelof“firstarchaeologist”to:​ a.​Petrarch. b.​Ciriacode’Pizzicolli. c.​Nabonidus. d.​BoucherdePerthes. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.01.03-Howwastheriseofarchaeologyconnectedtothe discoveryofhumanity’s“deep”antiquity? OTHER: PICKUP 2.ThelastkingoftheNeo-BabylonianEmpire,Nabonidus,isfrequentlyknownasthe“firstarchaeologist”because:​ a.​hewasthefirstdocumentedprehistoricindividualtoshowaninterestinthepast. b.​hetriedtoanswerquestionsaboutthepastbylookingatthephysicalremainsofthepast. c.​heemployedmodernarchaeologicalfieldtechniquesinhisexcavations. d.​heworkedwithinanexplicittheoreticalparadigm. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.01.03-Howwastheriseofarchaeologyconnectedtothe discoveryofhumanity’s“deep”antiquity? OTHER: PICKUP 3.PetrarchisconsideredperhapsthemostinfluentialindividualoftheearlyRenaissancebecausehe:​ a.​traveledextensivelytoexoticlandsandconductedmeticulousexcavations,increasingpublicinterestinthe past. b.​consideredtheremotepastanidealofperfection,andarguedthatmoralphilosophycouldbefoundwithin ancientclassicalcivilizations. c.​arguedthattheconceptofGodhadbecomeincreasinglyirrelevanttoexplanationsofthenaturalworld. d.​discoveredancientPaleolithichandaxesinassociationwithextinctmammalskeletons,therebyestablishing theantiquityofhumanity. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.01.03-Howwastheriseofarchaeologyconnectedtothe discoveryofhumanity’s“deep”antiquity? […]

1.Bioarchaeologistsstudy:​ a.​macrobotanicalremainsfromarchaeologicalsitesinordertointerpretpastinteractionsbetweenhuman populationsandplants. b.​faunalassemblagesfromarchaeologicalsitesinordertodeterminepastinteractionsbetweenhuman populationsandanimals. c.​thehumanbiologicalcomponentofthearchaeologicalrecord. d.​Alloftheanswers;bioarchaeologistsstudyallaspectsofancientlife(plant,animal,andhuman)in archaeologicalcontexts. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.10.01-Howdobioarchaeologistscontributetoastudyofthe past? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Thebestplaceforabioarchaeologisttolooktodeterminethesexofhumanskeletalremainsisthe:​ a.​skull. b.​pelvis. c.​sacrum. d.​dentition. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: SkeletalAnalysis:TheBasics LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.10.02-Howdobioarchaeologistsdetermineageandsexfor askeleton? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Howdoesthesciaticnotchoffemalesdifferfromthatofmales?​ a.​Itisnarrowerinfemalesandwiderinmales. b.​Itiswiderinfemalesandnarrowerinmales. c.​Itismoresensitivetoperiodsofphysiologicalstressinfemalesthaninmales. d.​Itismoresensitivetomechanicalstressesinfemalesthaninmales. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: SkeletalAnalysis:TheBasics LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.10.02-Howdobioarchaeologistsdetermineageandsexfor askeleton? […]

1.Anthropologistsrefertotherulesandstructuresthatgovernrelationswithinagroupofinteractingpeopleas:​ a.​residencepatterns. b.​socialorganization. c.​residencerules d.​kinshipsystems. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.11.01-Whatconceptshelparchaeologistsreconstructpast socialandpoliticalorganizations? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Politicalorganizationcanbedefinedas:​ a.​theculturallyprescribedbehaviorassociatedwithmenandwomenwhichcanvaryfromsocietytosociety. b.​therulesandstructuresthatgovernrelationswithinagroupofinteractingpeople. c.​asociety’sformalandinformalinstitutionsthatregulateapopulation’scollectiveacts. d.​anetworkofrelationshipsthroughwhichindividualsarerelatedtooneanotherbytiesofdescent. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.11.01-Whatconceptshelparchaeologistsreconstructpast socialandpoliticalorganizations? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Ifyouliveinasocietyinwhichtwoormorelocalgroupsareorganizedunderasinglehighlyrankedindividual,you liveina(n):​ a.​egalitariansociety. b.​patrilinealsociety. c.​chiefdom. d.​Anyoralloftheanswersarecorrect. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.11.01-Whatconceptshelparchaeologistsreconstructpast socialandpoliticalorganizations? OTHER: PICKUP […]

1.Processualarchaeologyisappealingtosomearchaeologistsbecauseit:​ a.​isconcernedwithdiscoveringandinterpretingsymbolicrelationshipsbetweenmaterialcultureandthehuman mind. b.​emphasizesthevalues,ideas,andbeliefsthatmakepeoplehuman,andislessconcernedwiththematerial conditionsofexistence. c.​placespriorityontheverythingsthatarchaeologistsaremostconfidentinrecoveringfromarchaeological sites,suchasenvironment,technology,andeconomy. d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.12.01-Whatisthecentralchallengeof“cognitive archaeology”? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofcognitivearchaeology?​ a.​Itisappealingtoculturalmaterialistswhoarelessconcernedwithinterpretingsymbolicrelationshipsthan withreconstructingthematerialconditionsoflife. b.​Itisthestudyofallthoseaspectsofancientculturethatareaproductofthehumanmind. c.​Itisbasedmoreintheprocessualthaninthepostprocessualparadigm. d.​Hypothesesgeneratedwithincognitivearchaeologycannotbetested,andarethereforeunscientific. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.12.01-Whatisthecentralchallengeof“cognitive archaeology”? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Anobjectoractthatbyculturalconventionstandsforsomethingelsewithwhichithasnonecessaryconnectionis a(n):​ a.​symbol. b.​sign. c.​icon. d.​artifact. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: What’saSymbol? […]

1.Theparadigmknownasunilinealculturalevolution:​ a.​arguesthathumansocietieshaveevolvedalongasingledevelopmentaltrajectory,withwesterncivilizationas themostadvancedevolutionarystage. b.​arguesthatculturescanonlybeunderstoodintheirownterms,andcannotbeusefullycomparedtoother cultures. c.​arguesagainstethnocentrism,stressingtheequalityofallcultures,withnonesuperiortoanyother. d.​hasprovenextremelyusefulforunderstandingculturalchange;mostanthropologistsoperatewithinthis paradigmtoday. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: EvolutionaryStudies LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.13.01-Whatisunilinealevolution,andwhydidanthropology discardit? OTHER: PICKUP 2.ThepositionheldbyFranzBoas,whichmaintainedthateachcultureistheproductofitsownuniquesequenceof developmentsandinwhichchanceplaysamajorroleinbringingaboutchangeiscalled:​ a.​unilinealevolution. b.​culturalrelativism. c.​SocialDarwinism. d.​historicalparticularism. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: EvolutionaryStudies LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.13.01-Whatisunilinealevolution,andwhydidanthropology discardit? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Whiletodaythecomparativemethodreferstothetestingofhypothesesagainstarangeofhumansocieties,inthe 19thcenturythecomparativemethod:​ a.​testedhypothesesonlywithinthesametypesofsocieties;inotherwords,onlyegalitarianhunter-gatherersof arcticenvironments,oronlystratifieddesertagriculturalistswouldbeexamined. b.​wasapoliticaltoolusedtoargueagainsttheracistideathatsomelivingpeopleshadmadeitfurtherupthe evolutionaryladderofprogressthanothers. c.​translatedculturaldiversityintoanevolutionarysequenceinwhichdifferentlivingpeoplesrepresented differentstagesinhumanity’smarchtowardsprogress. d.​referredtothesamething;therehasbeenlittlechangeinhowthecomparativemethodisusedsincethe19th century. […]

1.Theearliestexplorationsinhistoricalarchaeologywereconductedto:​ a.​disprovethevalidityofdocumentarysourcesandshowthatarchaeologicalexcavationwastheonlywayto trulyunderstandthepast. b.​understandhowearlyEuropeansettlersinteractedwithexistingNativeAmericanpopulations. c.​understandmoreabouttheinvestigators’ownpasts. d.​justifycolonialexpansionandracisttreatmentofNativeAmericans. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.14.01-Whoneedsarchaeologywhenwealreadyhave eyewitnessaccountsandhistoricalrecords? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Thestudyofhumanbehaviorthroughmaterialremains,forwhichwrittenhistoryinsomewayaffectsits interpretation,is:​ a.​prehistoricandhistoricalarchaeology. b.​historicalarchaeology. c.​processualarchaeology. d.​postprocessualarchaeology. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.14.01-Whoneedsarchaeologywhenwealreadyhave eyewitnessaccountsandhistoricalrecords? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Writtenrecordsdocumentthehistoricpast.Sowhydoarchaeologistsdohistoricalarchaeology?​ a.​Documentarysourcescanbeselectiveandbiasedtowardtheinterestsofparticularcultural,political,or ethnicgroups. b.​Documentarysourcesdonotexistformostofthehistoricpast. c.​Archaeologicalexcavationscandemonstratethathistoricalrecordsarewrong,andthususelessforinferring anythingaboutthepast. d.​Noneoftheanswers;ifwrittenrecordsexist,archaeologistsdonotbotherwithhistoricalarchaeology. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: What’sthePointofHistoricalArchaeology? LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.14.01-Whoneedsarchaeologywhenwealreadyhave […]

1.Thefieldthatconductsactivitiesrelatedtocompliancewithlegislationthatprotectsculturalresourcesis:​ a.​academicarchaeology. b.​historicarchaeology. c.​culturalresourcemanagement. d.​naturalresourcemanagement. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.15.01-Whatfederalpolicieshelpprotectculturalresources, includingarchaeologicalsites? OTHER: PICKUP 2.AconcernwithhistoricpreservationintheUnitedStatescanbetracedto:​ a.​thelate18thcentury,whensocietieswereformedtoensuretheprotectionofhistoricallysignificant properties. b.​theearly20thcentury,whenindustrialdevelopmentbegantothreatensignificantsites. c.​the1960sand1970s,coincidentwithmorebroadlybasedenvironmentalpreservationmovements. d.​Noneoftheanswers;theoverwhelmingattitudeintheUnitedStatesis,andhasalwaysbeen,alackof concernforhistoricpreservationwhiledevelopmentisallowedtorunrampantnomatterwhatthecost. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: TheDevelopmentofCulturalResourceManagement LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.15.01-Whatfederalpolicieshelpprotectculturalresources, includingarchaeologicalsites? OTHER: PICKUP 3.The1906AntiquitiesAct:​ a.​requiredafederalpermitbeforeexcavatingorcollectingartifactsfromfederalland. b.​requiredtribalconsultationonallarchaeologicaldiscoverieslocatedonfederallands. c.​requiredtherepatriationofallNativeAmericanskeletalmaterialandassociatedgravegoodsfoundon federalortriballandstoculturallyaffiliatedtribes. d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: TheDevelopmentofCulturalResourceManagement LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.15.02-Whataretheimportantelementsofthe1906 AntiquitiesAct,the1966NationalHistoricPreservationAct,andthe1979 […]

1.Thedifferencebetweenpurescienceandappliedscienceis:​ a.​purescienceisresearchtoacquiretheknowledgenecessarytosolveaspecific,recognizedproblem,while appliedscienceissystematicresearchdirectedtowardacquisitionofknowledgeforitsownsake. b.​purescienceissystematicresearchdirectedtowardacquisitionofknowledgeforitsownsake,whileapplied scienceisresearchtoacquiretheknowledgenecessarytosolveaspecific,recognizedproblem. c.​purescienceissystematicresearchdirectedtowardacquisitionofknowledgeforitsownsake,whileapplied scienceistheapplicationofscientificknowledgeforlegalpurposes. d.​puresciencehasnohiddenpoliticalagenda,whileappliedsciencedoes. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: ArchaeologicalScience:PureorApplied? LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.16.01-Doesarchaeologyhavepracticalvalueintheworld today? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Whichofthefollowingactivitieswouldanappliedanthropologistbeleastlikelytobeinvolvedin?​ a.​Evaluatingdomesticsocialprogramslookingforwaystoimprovethem b.​Helpingcorporationsimprovecorporateworkingconditions c.​Conductingresearchtobetterunderstandhowandwhythemajorsocialinstitutionsevolved d.​Helpingtodevelopculturallyappropriatemethodsofdeliveringhealthcare ANSWER: c REFERENCES: ArchaeologicalScience:PureorApplied? LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.16.01-Doesarchaeologyhavepracticalvalueintheworld today? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Appliedarchaeology:​ a.​bringsthetechniquesofarchaeologytonon-traditionalvenues. b.​appliesourknowledgeofthehumanpasttoconcreteeconomicorsocialproblems. c.​canmakearchaeologyrelevanttothemodernworld. d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: ArchaeologicalScience:PureorApplied? LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.16.01-Doesarchaeologyhavepracticalvalueintheworld today? […]

1.Manydisciplinesareinvolvedinthestudyofhumanity.Whatmakesanthropologyuniquefromotherdisciplinesthat studyhumans?​ a.​Anthropologyarguesthatthebestunderstandingofthehumanconditioncomesfromaglobal,comparative, andholisticperspective. b.​Anthropologyexaminesonlyoneaspectofthehumancondition,butdoessoingreatdetail. c.​Anthropologyexaminesthesocialandculturalaspectsofhumanity,butleavesthebiologicalaspectof humanstootherdisciplines. d.​Anthropologyfocusesonlyonexoticpeoplesandcultures,whileotherdisciplinesaremoreapttostudy AmericanorEuropeansociety. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: What’sAnAnthropologicalApproach? LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.02.01-Whatisananthropologicalapproach? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Anthropologyisthestudyof:​ a.​pasthumanbehavior. b.​allaspectsofhumankind. c.​humansasbiologicalorganisms. d.​humansasculturalorganisms. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: What’sAnAnthropologicalApproach? LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.02.01-Whatisananthropologicalapproach? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthemainsubfieldsofanthropology?​ a.​Biologicalanthropology b.​Archaeology c.​Culturalanthropology d.​Bioarchaeology ANSWER: d REFERENCES: What’sAnAnthropologicalApproach? LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.02.01-Whatisananthropologicalapproach? OTHER: PICKUP […]

1.Anarchaeologicalsiteisanyplacewhere:​ a.​materialevidenceaboutthehumanpastexistsinaburiedcontext. b.​artifactsexistalongsidemoresubstantialarchaeologicalremains,suchasstructures. c.​aconcentrationofmaterialevidenceexistsaboutthehumanpast. d.​materialevidenceaboutthehumanpasthasbeendiscoveredbysystematicarchaeologicalsurvey. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: GoodOldGumshoeSurvey LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.03.01-Whydoarchaeologists“survey”? OTHER: PICKUP 2.ThediscoveryofGatecliffShelterinNevadawasinpartaresultof:​ a.​old-fashioned“gumshoesurvey.” b.​thedetailedknowledgeofthelandscapethatmanyofthecrewmemberspossessed. c.​thefactthattheshelterwasalocalattraction,well-knownbythepeopleofAustin. d.​oraltraditionsthathadpasseddownthroughthegenerations. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: GoodOldGumshoeSurvey LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.03.01-Whydoarchaeologists“survey”? OTHER: PICKUP 3.“Gumshoesurvey”isagoodwayto:​ a.​findrareorspectacularsites. b.​findcommonsitessuchassmalllithicorpotsherdscatters. c.​providethecontextnecessaryforinterpretingrareorspectacularsites. d.​obtaina100%reconnaissanceofaparticularregion. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: GoodOldGumshoeSurvey LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.03.02-Whatisthemainprincipleofsurvey?Whydoesthis matter? OTHER: PICKUP 4.Archaeologistsemploysystematicregionalsurveysmainlyto:​ a.​discovergoodplacestoexcavate. b.​arriveataccuratedescriptionsoftherangeofarchaeologicalmaterialacrossalandscape. […]

1.Anartifact’sprovenienceis:​ a.​thegeologicsourceoftherawmaterialfromwhichtheartifactwasmanufactured. b.theartifact’slocationrelativetoasystemofspatialdatacollection. c.​thefacilitywheretheartifactiscurrentlystored. d.​howtheartifactwasusedintheprehistoricpast. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.04.01-Whydoescontextmatter?Howisitrecorded? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Itisessentialthatarchaeologiststakeabundant,accurate,anddetailedfieldnotesduringexcavationsbecause:​ a.​archaeologydestroysdataasitisgathered;onceasiteisexcavateditcannotbere-excavated. b.​federallegislationmandatesabundant,accurate,anddetailedfieldnotes. c.​archaeologystudentsgenerallylearnfieldtechniquesfromthesenotes. d.​noneoftheabove;itisnotessentialbecausearchaeologistscanalwaysgobackandreconstructthe excavationlater. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.04.01-Whydoescontextmatter?Howisitrecorded? OTHER: PICKUP 3.TheFolsomsiteinNewMexicowasdiscoveredby:​ a.​GeorgeMcJunkin,anex-slaveandrancher. b.​JesseFiggins,directoroftheColoradoMuseumofNatureandScience. c.​BoucherdePerthes,aFrenchcustomsofficialandnaturalist. d.​A.V.Kidder,FounderofAnthropologicalArchaeology. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.04.01-Whydoescontextmatter?Howisitrecorded? OTHER: PICKUP CopyrightCengageLearning.PoweredbyCognero.Page1 4.TheFolsomsiteisimportantinthehistoryofAmericanarchaeologybecause:​ a.​itwasthefirstsitethatwasexcavatedusingthestratigraphicmethod,abreakthroughinarchaeological […]

1.Archaeological“siteformation”refersto:​ a.​thehumanactionsresponsibleforthecreationofanarchaeologicalsite. b.thenaturalactionsresponsibleforthecreationofanarchaeologicalsite.​ c.​thehumanandnaturalactionsresponsibleforthecreationofanarchaeologicalsite. d.​Noneoftheanswersarecorrect. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: TheLawofSuperposition LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.05.01-Whatisgeoarchaeology? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Whatcouldaccountforchronologicallyolderartifactsbeingfoundaboveyoungerartifactsinastratigraphic sequence?​ a.​Faunalturbation(e.g.,rodentburrows) b.​Culturaldisturbance(e.g.,prehistoricdiggingofahearthorpit) c.​Graviturbation d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: SiteFormationProcesses:HowGoodSitesGoBad LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.05.02-Whatisthelawofsuperstition?Howcanitbe violated? OTHER: PICKUP 3.TheLawofSuperpositionstatesthat,inanypileofsedimentaryrocksthathavenotbeendisturbedbyfoldingor overturning:​ a.​stratigraphiclayerscannotbeusedtodatearchaeologicalsites. b.​stratigraphiclayersatthebottomareyoungerthanstratigraphiclayersatthetop. c.​stratigraphiclayersatthebottomareolderthanstratigraphiclayersatthetop. d.​soildepthprovidesameasureoftheabsoluteageofastratum. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: TheLawofSuperposition LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.05.02-Whatisthelawofsuperstition?Howcanitbe violated? OTHER: PICKUP […]

1.Arelativedateis:​ a.​adateexpressedasaspecificunitofscientificmeasurement,suchasdays,years,centuries,ormillennia. b.​adateexpressedrelativetoanother(e.g.,earlier,later,morerecent,etc.)ratherthaninabsoluteterms. c.​adatebasedontheoccurrenceofdistinctivefossilassemblagesindistinctstrata. d.​nolongerusefulforarchaeology;absolutedatesarenecessaryinordertoprovideameaningfulinterpretation ofanassemblage. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: RelativeDating LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.06.01-Whatisthedifferencebetweenrelativeandabsolute dating? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Theindexfossilconcept:​ a.​allowswidelyseparatedstratatobecorrelatedandassignedtothesametimeperiodiftheycontainthesame fossils. b.​istheideathatstratacontainingsimilarfossilassemblagesareofsimilarages. c.​enablesarchaeologiststocharacterizeanddatestratawithinsitesusingdistinctiveartifactformsthatresearch showstobediagnosticofaparticularperiodoftime. d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: RelativeDating LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.06.02-Whatarethemajordatingtechniques,whatmaterials dotheydate,andwhatistheirtimerange? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Theindexfossilconceptwasintroducedtoarchaeologyby:​ a.​OscarMontelius. b.​A.E.Douglas. c.​WillardLibby. d.​JeffreyDean. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: RelativeDating LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.06.02-Whatarethemajordatingtechniques,whatmaterials dotheydate,andwhatistheirtimerange? […]

1.Afterexcavation,recoveredartifactsmustbeconserved.Conservationcaninvolve:​ a.​asimplecleaningoftheartifacts. b.​stabilizationofartifactstopreventdecomposition. c.reconstructionofartifacts,suchasbrokenpotteryvessels. d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: AftertheExcavation:ConservationandCataloging LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.07.01-Whataretheprinciplesofarchaeologicaltypology? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Theclassificationofartifactsintotypesthatorganizeandsimplifyartifactvariabilityistermed:​ a.​attributeanalysis. b.​typology. c.​phasedesignation. d.​componentdesignation. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: ArchaeologicalClassification LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.07.01-Whataretheprinciplesofarchaeologicaltypology? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Aclassofarchaeologicalartifactsdefinedbyaconsistentclusteringofcharacteristicsisa(n):​ a.​type. b.​attribute. c.​component. d.​phase. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: ArchaeologicalClassification LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.07.01-Whataretheprinciplesofarchaeologicaltypology? OTHER: PICKUP 4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofarchaeologicaltypes?​ a.​Archaeologicaltypesareassignedwiththegoalinmindofclassifyingobjectsinthesamewaythatprehistoric populationswouldhaveclassifiedthem. b.​Archaeologicaltypesareabstractions;thesameobjectcouldbeclassifiedinmanydifferentways. […]

1.Ingeology,theprincipleofuniformitarianismassertsthat:​ a.​theprocessesthatmodifiedtheearth’ssurfaceinthepastareunknowablebecausetheycannotbedirectly observed. b.​theprocessesnowoperatingtomodifytheearth’ssurfacearethesameasthoseofthegeologicpast. c.​theprocessesnowoperatingtomodifytheearth’ssurfacecannotsimplybeassumedtobethesameasthose ofthegeologicpast,butmustbedemonstratedtobethesame. d.​geologicprocessesaredistinctfromarchaeologicalprocessesandthatuniformitarianismonlyappliesto geologicprocesses. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Middle-LevelResearch:WhatIsIt? LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.08.02-Whatistheprincipleofuniformitarianism? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Ageologistobservesglacialmorainesandstriationsinanareathatistodaynotglaciated.Thegeologistinterprets thosefeaturesasevidenceofpastglacialactivity.Heorsheisutilizing:​ a.​middleleveltheory. b.​theprincipleofuniformitarianism. c.​arelationalanalogy. d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Middle-LevelResearch:WhatIsIt? LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.08.01-Whatisthedifferencebetweenanalogyandmiddle- leveltheory? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Experimentalarchaeologyprovidesarchaeologistswithbridgingarguments,waystomakeinferencesaboutpast behaviorfrommaterialremains.Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleofexperimentalarchaeology?​ a.​UsingBritishschoolboystoseeiftheycouldmovestonessimilartothoseusedtobuildStonehenge. b.​Usingastonetooltoscrapehideandthenexaminingmicrowearpresentonthetool’sedgetodeterminethe typeofwearcausedbyhide-scraping. c.​Usingseriationtoconstructawaytodatearchaeologicalsitesbasedonpaintedpotterystyles. d.​Throwinghaftedspearpointsintoelephantcarcassestodeterminetheircapacityforpenetration. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: ExperimentalArchaeology […]

1.Afaunalassemblageconsistsof:​ a.​animalbonesfromkillorbutcheringsites. b.​bonesfromhuntedanimalsthatwerebroughtbacktocampsorvillages. c.​animalbonesthataccumulatedatasiteduetonaturalprocesses(e.g.,broughtintothesitebycarnivoresor raptors). d.​Anyoralloftheanswersarecorrect. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: StudyingAnimalRemainsFromArchaeologicalSites LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.09.01-Whatdoesazooarchaeologicalstudyinvolve? OTHER: PICKUP 2.Archaeologistswhoanalyzefaunalassemblagesarecommonlyknownas:​ a.​palynologists. b.​zooarchaeologists. c.​paleoecologists. d.​paleoethnobotanists. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: StudyingAnimalRemainsFromArchaeologicalSites LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.09.01-Whatdoesazooarchaeologicalstudyinvolve? OTHER: PICKUP 3.Themainpurposeofazooarchaeologicalcomparativecollectionisto:​ a.​helpzooarchaeologistsidentifyarchaeofaunas. b.​determinewhethercutmarksonanimalbonesweremadehistoricallyorprehistorically. c.​distinguishbetweennaturalcarnivoretoothmarksandcutmarksmadebyhumans. d.​identifythetypesoffaunalivingatandaroundasiteatthetimeitwasoccupiedprehistorically. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: page201 LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ARCH.KELL.17.09.01-Whatdoesazooarchaeologicalstudyinvolve? OTHER: PICKUP 4.Ifyouareusingaskeletalcollectionofmodernfauna,ofbothsexesanddifferentages,toidentifyspecimensinan archaeofauna,youareusinga:​ a.​macrobotanicalassemblage. […]