Chapter 15 Act And The 1979 Archaeological Resources Protection

subject Type Homework Help
subject Pages 13
subject Words 1778
subject Textbook Archaeology 7th Edition
subject Authors David Hurst Thomas, Robert L. Kelly
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1.Thefieldthatconductsactivitiesrelatedtocompliancewithlegislationthatprotectsculturalresourcesis:​
a.​academicarchaeology.
b.​historicarchaeology.
c.​culturalresourcemanagement.
d.​naturalresourcemanagement.
2.AconcernwithhistoricpreservationintheUnitedStatescanbetracedto:​
a.​thelate18thcentury,whensocietieswereformedtoensuretheprotectionofhistoricallysignificant
properties.
b.​theearly20thcentury,whenindustrialdevelopmentbegantothreatensignificantsites.
c.​the1960sand1970s,coincidentwithmorebroadlybasedenvironmentalpreservationmovements.
d.​Noneoftheanswers;theoverwhelmingattitudeintheUnitedStatesis,andhasalwaysbeen,alackof
concernforhistoricpreservationwhiledevelopmentisallowedtorunrampantnomatterwhatthecost.
3.The1906AntiquitiesAct:​
a.​requiredafederalpermitbeforeexcavatingorcollectingartifactsfromfederalland.
b.​requiredtribalconsultationonallarchaeologicaldiscoverieslocatedonfederallands.
c.​requiredtherepatriationofallNativeAmericanskeletalmaterialandassociatedgravegoodsfoundon
federalortriballandstoculturallyaffiliatedtribes.
d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect.
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4.Thepresidentwasgiventheauthoritytocreatenationalmonumentsunderwhichofthefollowing?​
a.​TheNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct
b.​TheArchaeologicalResourcesProtectionAct
c.​TheNationalHistoricPreservationAct
d.​TheAntiquitiesAct
5.Thefirstnationalparkcreatedexplicitlyforitsarchaeologicalratherthanenvironmentalsignificancewas:​
a.​Devil’sTower.
b.​Yellowstone.
c.​MesaVerde.
d.​Montezuma’sCastle.
6.WhichofthefollowingwasnotcreatedbytheNationalHistoricPreservationAct?​
a.​TheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces
b.​Steepmonetarypenaltiesandmandatoryjailtimeforthelootingofarchaeologicalsitesonfederalortribal
lands
c.​StateHistoricPreservationOffices
d.​TheAdvisoryCouncilonHistoricPreservation
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7.Physicalfeatures,bothnaturalandartificial,associatedwithhumanactivity,includingsites,structures,andobjects
possessingsignificanceinhistory,architecture,orhumandevelopmentare:​
a.​historiclandmarks.
b.​partoftheNationalRegister.
c.​naturalresources.
d.​culturalresources.
8.Theriverbasinsurveyprogramofthemid-20thcenturywasimportantbecause:​
a.​itstopped1000sofarchaeologicalsitesfrombeingflooded.
b.​init,thefederalgovernmentrecognizeditsresponsibilityfortheeffectsoffederalprojectsonarchaeological
sites.
c.​itledtothepassingofArchaeologicalResourcesProtectionAct,whichwasimplementedjustintimetosave
manyarchaeologicalsitesfromthedestructioncausedbydamconstruction.
d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect.
9.Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommon—andoftenthemostdifficult—criteriausedbyarchaeologiststo
establishasiteas‘significant’underthe1966NationalHistoricPreservationAct?​
a.​Siteisassociatedwithanimportantpersoninhistory.
b.​Siteisassociatedwithanimportanteventinhistory.
c.​Siteisanexampleofanimportantclassofarchitecture.
d.​Siteiscapableorpotentiallycapableofprovidinginformationimportanttohistoryorprehistory.
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10.IfsitesarelocatedduringasurveyandaredeterminedeligiblefortheNationalRegistertheymightbeslatedfor
“datarecovery”,whichmeans​
a.​excavationsandassociatedanalysesoftheartifacts,ecofacts,andsediments.
b.​excavationssufficienttoensurethatinformationisnotlost.
c.​securingthesiteandmakingitofflimitstothegeneralpublic.
d.​proposingawell-reasonedresearchquestiontocombatthreattothesitefromlootingorconstruction
activities.
11.Section106oftheNationalHistoricPreservationAct:​
a.​setsforththecriteriabywhichNationalRegisterstatusisdetermined.
b.​requiresallfederalagenciestobegoodstewardsoftheirculturalresourcesandinventorypubliclandsfor
archaeologicalsites.
c.​requiresthegovernmenttotakeintoaccounttheeffectofitsactionsonhistoricproperties.
d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect.
12.AccordingtotheNationalHistoricPreservationAct’sregulations,anarchaeologicalsiteiseligiblefortheNational
Registerifitmeetswhichofthefollowingcriteria?​
a.​Associationwithpeopleoreventsimportantinhistoryorprehistory
b.​Possessionofdistinctivecharacteristicsofaschoolofarchitecture,constructionmethod,orcharacteristicsof
highartisticvalue
c.​Knowntocontainorlikelytocontaindataimportantinhistoryorprehistory
d.​Anyoralloftheanswersarecorrect.
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13.IfanarchaeologicalsiteisconsideredsignificantundertheNationalHistoricPreservationAct,thenitis:​
a.​eligiblefortheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.
b.​automaticallyplacedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.
c.​protectedfromallfutureactivitiesthatmightbeconsidereddestructive,includingexcavation.
d.​stilllikelytobedestroyedpriortoinvestigation,asadeterminationofsignificancehasnopowertoactually
protectanarchaeologicalsite.
14.CRMsurveyprojectsdifferfromresearchsurveyprojectsinthat:​
a.​morevolunteersandstudentsareusuallypresentonCRMsurveyprojects,andsotheseprojectstendto
movemoreslowlythanresearchsurveyprojects.
b.​inCRM,theresearchquestiondeterminesthesurveyarea.
c.​inCRM,thesizeandnatureofthedevelopmentprojectlargelydeterminesthesurveyarea.
d.​ifsitesarelocatedonCRMsurveyprojects,investigatorsdonotneedtodeterminetheirsignificance.
15.Thefederalgovernmentestimatesthatofthe2millionarchaeologicalsitespresentlyrecordedintheAmerican
Southwest,_________percenthavebeenlootedtosomedegree.​
a.​5–10
b.​25–40
c.​50–90
d.​100
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16.ThepenaltyforviolatingtheArchaeologicalResourcesProtectionAct(ARPA)is:​
a.​upto$500and/orupto90daysinprison.
b.​upto$250,000and/orupto5yearsinprison;thefederalgovernmentcanalsoconfiscateanyequipment
usedtolootsites,includingvehicles.
c.​nomonetaryfine,butupto5yearsinprison.
d.​nonexistent;thisispartoftheproblemwithtryingtoenforcetheact.
17.Whichofthefollowinglawsapplytoarchaeologicalresourcesonprivateland?​
a.​ArchaeologicalResourcesProtectionAct(ARPA)
b.​AntiquitiesAct
c.​NationalHistoricPreservationAct
d.​Noneoftheanswersarecorrect.
18.Theillegalimportofantiquitiesifhardtostopandthecomplexitiesofdealingwiththeillegaltradearecomparable
to:​
a.​dealingwithcomplexitiesrelatedtoillegaldrugtrade.
b.​dealingwithglobalwarming.
c.​dealingwithforestconservation.
d.​preservingbiodiversity.
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19.The100countriesthathavesignedtheUNESCOConventionof1970agreeto:​
a.​regulatetheimportandexportofculturalobjects.
b.​forbidtheirnations’museumsfromacquiringillegallyexportedculturalobjects,andreturnorotherwise
providerestitutionofculturalobjectsstolenfrompublicinstitutions.
c.​establishwaystoinformothernationswhenillegallyexportedobjectsarefoundwithinacountry’sborders,
andestablisharegisterofartdealers.
d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect.
20.WhichofthefollowingactionsisnotrequiredunderNAGPRAforinstitutionsreceivingfederalfunding?​
a.​Institutionsmustinventoryburials/gravegoodsandobjectsofculturalpatrimony.
b.​InstitutionsmustconsultwithappropriateNativeAmericantribesdeterminedtobe“culturallyaffiliated”with
theremainsandobjectsregardingtheirrepatriation.
c.​Institutionsmustpaythetribeaffiliatedwithburials/gravegoodspossessedbytheinstitution.
d.​Institutionsmustagreetorepatriatematerialsifrequested.
21.Whatdrivesthecontinuationoftheantiquitiestrade?​
a.​Wealthycollectorswillingtopayhighpriceswhocreateamarket.
b.​Thenativepopulationsofpoorcountrieswholootarchaeologicalsitestofeedtheirfamilies.
c.​Museumsthatarewillingtoacceptartifactswithoutproperdocumentationofhowtheywereacquired.
d.​Unscrupulousarchaeologistswhosecretlypocketanyrareorotherwisevaluableitemsduringanexcavation.
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22.NAGPRAreferstothe:​
a.​NorthAtlanticGravesProtectionandRepatriationAct.
b.​NativeAmericanGravesProtectionandRepatriationAct.
c.​NorthAmericanGravesProductionandRedistributionAct.
d.​NativeAlaskanGravesProductionandRedistributionAct.
23.​NAGPRA:
a.​allowsscientiststostudyNativeAmericanskeletalmaterialandassociatedgravegoodsforaspecific
amountoftimebeforerepatriatingthematerialtoaculturallyaffiliatedtribe.
b.​allowstribestodecidewhathappenstoallpre-Columbianhumanremainsandartifacts,regardlessof
whetherornotculturalaffiliationcanbedemonstrated.
c.​requirestherepatriationofNativeAmericanhumanskeletalremains,associatedgravegoods,orsacred
objectstoculturallyaffiliatedtribes,whocanthendecidewhattodowiththeremainsorobjects(study
them,reburythem,etc).
d.​requiresNativeAmericanstoreturnallpreviouslyrepatriatedNativeAmericanskeletalmaterialand
associatedgravegoodstoscientistsforfurtherstudy.
24.NAGPRArequirestherepatriationnotonlyofhumanskeletalremains,butalsoof:​
a.​funeraryobjects,objectsplacedwithahumanbodyaspartofadeathriteorceremonyormadetocontain
humanremainsatthetimeofburial.
b.​sacredobjects,specificceremonialobjectsnecessaryforcurrentpracticeoftraditionalNativeAmerican
religionsbypresent-dayadherents.
c.​objectsofculturalpatrimony,objectsthathaveongoinghistorical,traditional,orculturalimportancecentral
toaNative-Americangrouporcultureandthatwereinalienableatthetimetheyleftthetribe’spossession.
d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect.
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25.UnderNAGPRA,howisculturalaffiliationofhumanskeletalremainsandothercovereditemsdetermined?​
a.​First,ownershipresideswithanylinealdescendants,followedbythetribeonwhoselandtheremainsor
objectswerefound,followedbythetribewiththeclosestculturalaffiliationandwhostakesaclaimtothe
remains,followedbythetribewhoisrecognizedasaboriginallyoccupyingthelandonwhichtheremains
werefound.
b.​Firstownershipresideswithanylinealdescendants,followedbythetribewiththeclosestculturalaffiliation
andwhostakesaclaimtotheremains,followedbythetribewhoisrecognizedasaboriginallyoccupyingthe
landonwhichtheremainswerefound,followedbythetribeonwhoselandtheremainsorobjectswere
actuallyfound.
c.​Firstownershipresideswithanylinealdescendants,followedbythetribewhoisrecognizedasaboriginally
occupyingthelandonwhichtheremainswerefound,followedbythetribeonwhoselandtheremainsor
objectswereactuallyfound,followedbythetribewiththeclosestculturalaffiliationandwhostakesaclaim
totheremains.
d.​Firstownershipresideswiththetribewhoisrecognizedasaboriginallyoccupyingthelandonwhichthe
remainswerefound,followedbyanylinealdescendants,followedbythetribeonwhoselandtheremainsor
objectswereactuallyfound,followedbythetribewiththeclosestculturalaffiliationandwhostakesaclaim
totheremains.
26.CulturalaffiliationunderNAGPRAisdeterminedby:​
a.​anthropologicalandarchaeologicalevidence.
b.​folkloreandoraltradition.
c.​geographicalandhistoricalevidence.
d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect.
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27.Thecourtsruledinthe“KennewickMan”casethatthe9400-year-oldhumanskeleton:​
a.​wasmostlikelyalinealdescendantoftheUmatilla,andshouldthereforeberepatriatedtothetribefor
reburial.
b.​wasnotNativeAmericanasdefinedunderNAGPRA,andthatevenifhewere,hecouldnotbeculturally
affiliatedwithanyofthetribeswhoclaimedhim.
c.wasculturallyaffiliatedwiththeNezPerce,asevidencedbytheabundantgravegoodsburiedwiththe
skeletonthatareverysimilartoitemsmadebytheNezPercetoday.​
d.​couldbeculturallyaffiliatedwithmultipletribesonthebasisofarchaeologyandoraltraditions,andthat
thereforethetribeswouldhavetodecideamongstthemselveswhowouldreceivetheskeleton.
28.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheElginmarbles?​
a.​TheywerewillinglygiventotheBritishmuseumbyGreecebecauseGreeceatthetimecouldnotprotect
themfromdamagecausebypollution;however,Greecenowwantsthemback.
b.​TheywerestolenfromGreecebytheBritishMuseum,andtheBritishMuseumrefusestoreturnthem.
c.​TheywerelegallypurchasedfromLordElginbytheBritishMuseum;however,thereismuchcontroversy
overwhetherElgin’sacquisitionofthemwasethical,andwhetherornotthemarblesshouldbereturnedto
Greece.
d.​TheBritishMuseumhasfinallyreturnedthemtoGreeceinthespiritof“theunityoftheEuropeancultural
heritage.”
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29.Archaeologistsmustbalancetheneedfordevelopmentwiththeneedtoprotectpreciousarchaeologicalresources.
IntheexampleofMachuPicchu​
a.​touristdollarsareasourceofincome;archaeologistssupportthetourismtohelpthenationofPeru,evenifit
destroysthesite.
b.​archaeologistswantpeopletoknowaboutthesiteandarewillingtoseesomeofthevalueandbeauty
destroyed.
c.​archaeologistssupportmakingtourismviableinawaythatmaintainsthesite’sintegrityandscientificvalue.
d.​archaeologistsare,byprofession,requiredtomaintainanon-political,hands-offpolicy.
30.Importantsitesexistinpoorcountriesthatcannotaffordtheluxuriesofprotectingtheirproperties.Aquestion
broughtoutbythedestructionofthe175-foot-tall,1500-year-oldBamiyanBuddasbytheTalibanwas:​
a.​Doestheworld’sinterestinglobalheritageoverridenationalsovereignty?
b.​ShouldtheworldtelltheTalibanwhatitcandotostatuesthatarepresentin(whatwas)theircountry?
c.​Whopaysforthecleanupofsuchdestruction?
d.​Doestheworld’sinterestinglobalheritageoverridenationalsovereignty?andShouldtheworldtellthe
Talibanwhatitcandotostatuesthatarepresentin(whatwas)theircountry?
31.TheAntiquitiesActisthefoundationofallfuturearchaeologicallegislation.Itisnotlimitedtoarchaeologicalsites,
butincludes​
a.​damstogenerateelectricity,irrigatelands,andcontrolfloodsthatdamagearchaeologicalsites.
b.​allriverbasinspriortoinundation.
c.​objectsofhistoricorscientificinterest.
d.​museums,universities,andotherscientificinstitutionsthatdealwithantiquities.
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32.Inthe1960’stheAmericanpublicbecameconcernedaboutresourceconservation.Accordingtothetext,many
whorecognizedthatwildernessandwildliferefugesalonecouldnotstemtheeffectsofpollutionwerearousedby​
a.​thewarinVietnam.
b.​habitatthreatstothewhoopingcrane.
c.​increasingcorruptionamongSHPOofficials.
d.​RachelCarson’sbook,SilentSpring.
33.TheNHPArequiresthatthegovernmentinventoryfederallandsforarchaeologicalandhistoricsites.Asaresult​
a.​manyarchaeologistscannotfindjobs.
b.​manyarcheologistnowworkinBureauofLandManagementofficesortheNationalParkService.
c.​agencieshavebeenabletoenumeratealloftheholdingsonfederallands.
d.​agenciescannotworkwithcollegeoruniversityresearchprograms.
34.IfyouwanttobuildsomethingonFederalpropertyormodifythatlandscape,orifyouwanttoconstructsomething
thatrequiresfederalfunding,licenses,orpermits,regardlessofwhosepropertyyouwillbuilditon,thenyoumust​
a.​makecertaintobecarefulthatyoudotheleastamountofharmtothepropertiesinvolved.
b.​determineiftheundertakingwillcausenegativefeelingsamongtheneighboringpopulation.
c.​considertheeffectstofuturewildlifespecies.
d.​determinewhethertheprojectwilladverselyaffectanysites“includedoreligiblefor”theNationalRegister.
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35.CompliancewithSection106includesasystematicsurveyofthe“areaofpotentialeffect”(APE).Thisarea
includes​
a.​onlytheareadirectlyaffected.
b.​theareadirectlyaffectedandanticipatedtobeaffectedaftertheproject’scompletion.
c.​theareathatfundingallows.
d.​theareaaddressedintheresearchquestion.
36.WhileprivateCRMfirmscarryoutmostofthecomplianceprojects,whopaysfortheprojects?​
a.​Thepublicthroughfederaltaxdollars
b.​Concernedcitizenswhoareinterestedinthewelfareofproperties
c.​Universityresearchfunding
d.​Whoeverisdoingtheconstruction
37.IncompliancewithSection106,ifsitesarelocatedduringsurvey,determinedeligiblefortheregister,butcannotbe
avoidedbytheproject,theymightbe​
a.​slatedforpreservationbylocalorstateentities.
b.​slatedfor“datarecovery”,whichmeansextensiveexcavationsandassociatedanalysesofartifacts,ecofacts,
andsediments.
c.​slatedfordestructionwithoutrecoveringdata.
d.​reasonforhotdebatesamongcitizens,officials,andtheprojectmanager.
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38.JackLeeHarelsonwasadangerouslooter,illegalgunsalesmanandattemptedmurderer.Inhisbackyardwere
found​
a.​antiquitiesthatamountedtothe“RosettaStone”ofNevada.
b.​10,000-year-oldriflesthatweresomeoftheoldestdatedintheworld.
c.​basketswithbodiesoftwochildren,mummifiedinthedrydesert.
d.​Noneoftheanswersarecorrect.
39.AlthoughthePentagonhadpromisedtoprotectIraqiculturalinstitutions,theBaghdadMuseumremained
unguarded.AninvestigationbyColonelMatthewBogdanos,USMCconcludedthat​
a.​thePentagonwasnotatfault.
b.​40itemswerestolenfromthemaingalleries,andmorethan13,000itemsfromstoragerooms.
c.​noattemptswouldbemadetorecovertheartifacts.
d.​theitemsprobablyneverleftIraq.
40.TheU.S.passedlawssuchasthe1983CulturalPropertyImplementationActandsignedtreatieswithseveral
countriesthatspecificallyprohibittheimportingofartifactswithoutestablished“pedigrees.’Someofthese
“grandfatherin”artifactsexcavatedbeforethetreaty’sdate.Thismeansthat​
a.​thereisnolongercontrolovertheartifacttradenetworksandillegaltransferofartifactsacrossnational
boundaries.
b.​animportercannotbeheldresponsibleforartifactsthattheydidnotknowwereillegal.
c.​animportermustnowprovethatartifactswereexcavatedpriortothetreaty’sdateorwereotherwise
obtainedinwaysnotprohibitedbythetreaty.
d.​itwillbecomeeasierandeasierforsomeonetoimportillegallyacquiredartifacts.
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41.Themajorityoffieldarchaeologistsarecurrentlyemployedineducationalinstitutions.​
a.True
b.False
42.TheAntiquitiesAct,passedin1906,setfirmpenaltiesforthelootingofarchaeologicalsites,evenbytoday’s
standards;becausethislawhasworkedsowelltodiscouragelooting,noadditionalactshavebeennecessary.​
a.True
b.False
43.TheNationalHistoricPreservationActof1966establishesanon-going“NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces”of
‘significant’archaeologicalandhistoricsites.​
a.True
b.False
44.The“areaofpotentialeffect”inaCRMsurveyconsistsoftheareadirectlyaffectedbytheconstructionproject,as
wellasareasthatareanticipatedtobeaffectedbytheprojectafteritscompletion.​
a.True
b.False
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45.Thecostofculturalresourcemanagementprojectsisalwayspaidbythefederalgovernment.​
a.True
b.False
46.TheArchaeologicalResourcesProtectionActof1979coverstheprotectionandrepatriationofNativeAmerican
gravesandgravegoods.​
a.True
b.False
47.U.S.Customshasestimatedthatillegaltraffickinginantiquitiesmaybesecondonlytothedrugtradein
internationalcrime.​
a.True
b.False
48.NAGPRArequiresinstitutionsreceivingfederalfundstoinventoryandattempttoaffiliateand,ifasked,repatriate
humanskeletalremainsandassociatedgravegoodstoexistingfederally-recognizedtribes.​
a.True
b.False
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49.NAGPRAisfairlystraightforwardtoimplementbecauseallNativeAmericantribeswantculturallyaffiliatedskeletal
materialandgravegoodstoberepatriatedtothemsothattheycanreburythem.​
a.True
b.False
50.NAGPRAdoesnotsaywhathappenstoremainsorobjectsthatcannotbeaffiliated;theyremain“unaffiliated.”​
a.True
b.False
51.EvenwiththeprotectionofARPA,policingfederallanddoesnotstopthelootingthatcontinuestodestroythe
nation’sculturalheritage.​
a.True
b.False
52.ThesanctityofprivatelandintheU.S.meansthatthecommercialminingofterrestrialandunderwatersitesfor
artifactsisoftencompletelylegalorsubjecttoonlyaminorpenalty.​
a.True
b.False
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53.Oraltraditionsarenotusedtotracesharedgroupidentityovertimebecauseoraltraditionscannotprovidevalid
accounts,eventhoughtheyusemetaphorsthataddpowertostoriesandmakethemmemorable.​
a.True
b.False
54.Outlinethejustificationforculturalresourcemanagement(CRM)archaeology?Inwhattypesofactivitiesare
CRMarchaeologistsinvolved?​
55.DescribethedevelopmentofculturalresourcemanagementintheUnitedStates.Citetheearlyeffortstoprotect
America’sculturalheritage.HowhasCRMchangedthroughtime?​
56.Definethe1906AntiquitiesAct.Howdoesitprotectculturalresources?Whatpowerdoesitgivethepresidentof
theU.S.?WhywasadditionallegislationnecessarytoprotectculturalresourcesdecadeslateriftheAntiquitiesAct
alreadyexisted?​
57.DefinetheNationalHistoricPreservationAct(NHPA)?Whenwasitpassed?Whatdoesitsay?Whyisit
importantforthefieldofculturalresourcemanagement?​
58.WhyareSections106and110oftheNationalHistoricPreservationActimportantforarchaeologists?Whatdo
thesesectionssay?​
59.HowisarchaeologicalsignificancedeterminedundertheNHPA?WhatistheNationalRegisterofHistoric
Places?WhatcriteriamustasitemeetinordertobeconsideredeligiblefortheNationalRegister?Whichcriterion
ismostfrequentlycitedforarchaeologicalsites?​
60.WhatistheArchaeologicalResourcesProtectionAct(ARPA)?Whenwasitpassed?Whatdoesitsay?How
doesitdifferfromtheAntiquitiesAct?​
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61.WhatchallengesfaceCRMtoday?Addresshowdoarchaeologistsdecidewhichsitesaresignificantandwhich
canbesacrificedtotheneedsofdevelopment;whathappenstodatageneratedthroughCRMprojects;how
universitiesdealwiththefactthatmostoftheirarchaeologystudentswillhavecareersinCRMratherthan
academicarchaeology.WhatprofessionalstandardsexistforCRMarchaeologists?​
62.Illegaltraffickinginantiquitiesmaybesecondonlytothedrugtradeininternationalcrime.Tostoptheglobaltraffic
1970.WhatdidthesecountriesagreetodounderthisConvention?​
63.DiscussNAGPRA.Whenwasitpassed?Whatdoesitlimit?HowhasNAGPRAchangedthewaythat
archaeologyispracticed?WhyisNAGPRAsocontroversial?​
64.DiscusshowownershipofhumanskeletalremainsandassociatedobjectsisdeterminedunderNAGPRA.Howis
culturalaffiliationdetermined?Explainthecourts’rulingsthatKennewickManisnotNativeAmerican.​
65.HowdidthecourtdeterminewhetherKennewickmanwasNativeAmerican?DoyouthinkKennewickMan
shouldberepatriatedtooneofthetribeswhoclaimhim?Whyorwhynot?Shouldarchaeologistsbeallowedto
studytheremainsofKennewickManagainstthewishesofNativeAmericancommunities?Whyorwhynot?​
66.Whydosomecollectorsarguethatthereisnothingwrongwiththebuyingandsellingofantiquities?Whydomost
archaeologistsarguethatthebuyingandsellingofartifactscontributestothedestructionofthearchaeological
record?Whichsidedoyouagreewithmore?Why?​
67.HowdoestherecentlootingofIraqimuseumsaffectyourunderstandingoftherigidstanceoftheU.S.toprotect
culturalresources?Whatmighthavepreventedthedestruction?Whatplanwouldyouincorporatetopreventsuch
lossinthechanceoffutureinvasionsbytheU.S.military?Doyouthinkfutureplanningshouldinclude
archaeologistsfromacademicorresearchinstitutionsasoutsideconsultants?Why?Whynot?​

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