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The primary source of law in the Islamic legal tradition is: a. custom. b. written code. c. divine revelation. d. principles of Confucianism. Which juvenile justice model is followed in a country that takes a paternalistic and protectionist approach that […]

Magistrates’ courts in England and Wales may be presided over by a(n): a. unpaid lay magistrate or a paid district judge. b. Chief Constable or Assistant Chief Constable. c. barrister. d. All of the above e. None of the above […]

When li is successfully implemented in society there is no need to call upon fa. a. True b. False The German and French theft codes: a. show that civil law countries believe that codes provide specific solutions to particular problems. […]

Which of the following is a common technique now found in antiterrorism legislation in many European countries? a. Re-introduction of death penalty statutes b. Restricting and even prohibiting access to legal counsel for suspects in terrorist acts c. Extending the […]

For an act to qualify as a crime there must be some punishment attached that the government will administer. a. True b. False Under trial by battle, the accused was deemed innocent upon winning the battle because he or she […]

Since common law was unwritten law, to what did judges “turn” as they decided if an act was criminal or not? a. Immemorial custom b. Oral historians c. Church documents d. A fifteenth-century French code When comparative criminologists study crime […]

In Saudi Arabia, the judge’s findings must be based solely on: a. written documents. b. oral proceedings conducted during the court hearing. c. “real” evidence such as fingerprints or ballistics. d. none of the above. Although generally imprecise, the various […]

America’s Black and Hispanic populations make up about 13 percent and 16 percent of the nation’s total population, respectively, and make up about the same percentage of its prison population. a. True b. False What is the standard of proof […]

The Chinese agency that is the largest, the oldest, and has responsibility for day-to-day policing activity is the Public Security Police. a. True b. False What features from the crime control model are seen by the due process model as […]

In most of the world’s countries, new mothers are allowed to keep their infants with them in prison. Among the following countries, which is least likely to allow this? a. Mexico b. Spain c. Hong Kong d. United States Despite […]

“Justiceland” allows the victim or the victim’s relatives to initiate action against an offender. This process exemplifies: a. retributive prosecution. b. private prosecution. c. public prosecution. d. unlawful prosecution. Why do some people consider the jurist Shafi”a to be the […]