The Chinese agency that is the largest, the oldest, and has responsibility for day-to-day
policing activity is the Public Security Police.
a. True
b. False
What features from the crime control model are seen by the due process model as
simply inviting abuse of governmental power?
a. Number and frequency
b. Speed and finality
c. Slowness and vagueness
d. Consensus and conflict
Shi”a Islam started as the larger and politically stronger Muslim group and today is
estimated as comprising 85% to 95% of the world’s Muslims.
a. True
b. False
Pirates are especially active today in parts of the South Pacific.
a. True
b. False
Election of judges by the people is not a common procedure by which persons become
judges. Which of the following countries is an exception to that?
a. Bolivia
b. Israel
c. Switzerland
d. United States
In most parts of the world, the term civil law refers to a legal tradition based on
________; but in the United States, civil law more commonly refers to _________.
a. custom / violations against the state
b. canon law / indigenous law
c. wrongs against individuals / violations against public morals
d. written codes / a specific type of law dealing with private wrongs
Chapter 2’s “You Should Know” box on comparing reported crime notes that:
a. in most countries, most crimes are reported to the police.
b. all countries appear to count an activity as a crime at the time the activity becomes
known to the police.
c. countries where telephones are more common tend to report a higher proportion of
crime.
d. The use of technology by police is unrelated to the amount of crime found.
During criminal proceedings against minors in Italy, the prosecutor and magistrate must
obtain information about the juvenile’s personal, family, financial, and social
circumstances. That information is used for all the following purposes EXCEPT:
a. determining if the juvenile can be charged.
b. determining the extent to which he or she is responsible.
c. identifying whether or not the case should be transferred to the ‘school court.”
d. ascertaining the appropriate penalty.
It is assumed that the qadi in Shari”a court will rule fairly because those who do not
will be executed.
a. True
b. False
With the legislative changes made in 1998, a person is considered criminally
responsible in England & Wales at age:
a. 10.
b. 12.
c. 16.
d. 21.
The Japanese constitution distinguishes between the right to counsel for suspects and
the right to counsel for the accused.
a. True
b. False
Transparency International’s Global Corruption Barometer found that the following
institution was the one that citizens of the most countries considered to be their most
corrupt.
a. Police
b. Courts
c. Prisons
d. Political parties
Bilateral, multilateral, and international agreements discussed in the textbook are those
resulting from activities led by:
a. Interpol (International Criminal Police Organization).
b. the UN (United Nations).
c. NAFTA (North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement).
d. ICVS (International Crime Victim Survey).
When comparing laws of theft in the common legal tradition (represented in the text by
Colorado) and civil legal traditions (represented by Germany and France), which
jurisdiction had the most detailed definition?
a. Colorado
b. Germany
c. France
d. They were all about equal in detail
According to data from the United Nations, which of the following regions include
countries with the highest homicide rates?
a. Africa and the Americas
b. Asia and Europe
c. Oceania and Asia
d. Europe and Africa
Which of the following is NOT a category of crime as identified in the Shari`a?
a. Hudud
b. Hanafi
c. Qisas
d. Tazir
Substantive law serves two purposes. They are:
a. defining the behavior subject to punishment and specifying the rules to follow when
enforcing the law.
b. specifying the rules to follow when enforcing the law and specifying what the
punishment will be.
c. defining the behavior subject to punishment and specifying what the punishment will
be.
d. explaining the general principles of law and defining law’s major principles.
A judge explains to the courtroom observers that she has just sentenced a convicted
murderer to death in order to prevent that person from murdering again. Which
punishment justification is the judge offering?
a. Retribution
b. Specific deterrence
c. General deterrence
d. Rehabilitation
e. Incapacitation
According to Chapter 9’s breakdown of minimum ages of criminal responsibility around
the world, what is the most frequently used age of criminal responsibility?
a. 9
b. 11
c. 14
d. 16
Of the following, which are most likely to be the target of pirates today?
a. Cruise ships
b. Cargo ships transporting heavy machinery
c. Oil and chemical tankers
d. Fishing trawlers
Transnational crimes are criminal acts that span national borders, violating the laws of
several countries.
a. True
b. False
Which country does your textbook offer as an example of a centralized single police
structure?
a. Ghana
b. Mexico
c. Japan
d. Spain
Under principles found in the Shari`a, lay participation is not necessary in an Islamic
court because:
a. lay people can”t be trusted.
b. lay participation would require the presence on women sitting in judgment of men.
c. judges are in fact average citizens without specialized legal training.
d. judges are assumed to be unbiased and to not need to be monitored by lay people.
Which of the following is not one of the stages of the money laundering process?
a. Procurement
b. Placement
c. Layering
d. Integration
Research by Ruddell and Urbina suggests that countries with a more diverse population
(e. g., ethnically different) were _____ when compared to countries with a less diverse
(e. g., ethnically similar) population.
a. less punitive
b. more punitive
c. of similar punitiveness
d. undifferentiated
Feudalism referred to a political system wherein a lord provided his vassals with land in
exchange for military and other services.
a. True
b. False
The International Crime Victim Survey shows general consistency in country positions
over the years. For example, _____ has consistently ranked high and _____ has
consistently ranked low on overall victimization rates.
a. the United States / England & Wales
b. New Zealand / Japan
c. Austria / Portugal
d. England & Wales / Netherlands
Japanese police report a higher crime clearance rate than do American police. A primary
reason for the difference is:
a. Japanese police are better trained as investigators.
b. Japanese police get more assistance from the public in catching suspects.
c. to clear a crime in America an arrest must be made, but in Japan a crime can be
cleared without making an arrest.
d. American police probably clear more crimes than do Japanese police, but political
considerations prevent American police from accurately reporting these statistics.
The three major subtraditions forming the common legal tradition are:
a. Roman law, canon law, and precedent.
b. feudal practices, Corpus Juris Civilis, and mazalim.
c. custom, feudal practices, and equity.
d. canon law, ecclesiastical law, and jus honorarium.
In its purest form, the Shari”a consists of canon law and the principles of
Confucianism.
a. True
b. False
In 2010, Amnesty International estimated that, when China is excluded, more than 80%
of all known executions took place in Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and
_____.
a. Mexico
b. the United States
c. Japan
d. Canada
The textbook emphasizes three items linked to policing that may help explain Japan’s
low crime rate. Which of those three does the koban exemplify?
a. Police emphasis on order maintenance
b. Disengagement of the police from the community
c. Deployment of police officers
d. Suppression of corruption
Japanese cultural patterns downplay the role of individuals and the result is a legal
system with particular characteristics. Which of the following is seen as resulting
especially from the de-emphasis of individuals?
a. Informality
b. Formality
c. Punitiveness
d. Forgiveness
Countries where household insurance is more developed tend to report a _____
proportion of crime.
Law is said to be a body of specific rules regarding human conduct, which have been
promulgated by political authority, which apply uniformly to all members of the classes
to which the rules refer, and which are enforced by punishment administered by the
state. Identify and explain each of the general characteristics of law as found in this
definition.
The saying: “in the Halls of Justice, justice is in the _____” is said to be especially
relevant to Japan because of the country’s aversion to formal courtroom activities.
The justice component of China’s juvenile justice system comes from the _____
principle that humans are basically good and act only after thinking (i.e., human are
rational).
The world’s largest illicit drug product is _____.
In England and Wales, a Parenting _____ is used by a Youth Offending Team (YOT) as
a formal way to work with parents of a misbehaving child on a voluntary basis.
In the United States, both city and _____ forces are considered to be examples of local
policing.
The process by which governments are held accountable to the law is called judicial
_____.
Synthetic classification strategies result in artificial groups whereas authentic
classification strategies result in _____ groups.
Chapter 8 suggests there is considerable similarity in the way women prisoners are
responded to around the world. Describe the three factors used in the chapter to show
that similarity.
_____wiretaps, which specify a person rather than a particular phone line for
surveillance, authorize law enforcement to follow a suspect as he or she moves from
home to cell phone to cybercaf to pay phone.
Describe what is required by the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations and its
Optional Protocol as they relate to foreigners being arrested outside their country of
residence.
Using the appropriate terms, describe and explain the three-stage process of money
laundering.
Human _____, but not smuggling, requires deception or coercion.
List and explain each of the justifications for punishment covered in the textbook.
Agatha’s training and position gives her unlimited access to appear on behalf of her
clients at the higher level courts of England. Agatha is a _____.
The _____ strategy is used when concern is with such things as how countries go about
arresting people, determining whether they are guilty, and sentencing convicted
offenders.