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For an act to qualify as a crime there must be some punishment attached that the
government will administer.
a. True
b. False
Under trial by battle, the accused was deemed innocent upon winning the battle because
he or she must have had God's assistance.
a. True
b. False
With which neighboring country has the United States opened the Bilateral
Implementation Office so that officials from both countries can work together more
easily?
a. Panama
b. Mexico
c. Canada
d. Greenland
The United Nations Economic and Social Council came up with several suggested
safeguards by which countries still using the death penalty should abide. Which of the
following is NOT one of them?
a. The death penalty should only be used for the most serious of crimes
b. There needs to be clear and convincing evidence of guilt
c. The level of suffering shall be minimal
d. The death penalty shall not be applied to persons under the age of 18
e. The death penalty should not be applied to female offenders
Authentic classification strategies allow some predictivity regarding the group's
members.
a. True
b. False
Which of following has a police structure most like that of Mexico?
a. Japan
b. United States
c. Canada
d. Austria
For a confession to be admissible under Islamic law, it can be vague regarding the act
but must at least be voluntary.
a. True
b. False
Interpol's authority to act comes from:
a. an international treaty.
b. an international convention.
c. ratification of Interpol's constitution by member nations.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Racial and ethnic minorities are consistently overrepresented in prisons around the
world.
a. True
b. False
Henri is being tried in a Paris courtroom before a panel of nine citizen jurors and three
professional judges. What court is Henri in?
a. Police Court (Tribunaux de Police)
b. Assize Court (Cour d"Assise)
c. Correctional Court (Tribunaux Correctionnels)
d. Court of Appeal (Cour d"Appel)
Although there is considerable variation around the world as to what the age is, every
country has identified some age at which criminal responsibility begins.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT one of the four generalizations that Otterbein makes
about capital punishment?
a. It is a cross-cultural universal with most societies at one time or another using it
b. Offenses identified as capital crimes are those directly threatening people
c. Deterring others from committing similar crimes is the reason most frequently found
for executing a community member
d. In a majority of cultures, most members of the community accept capital punishment
as an appropriate sanction
In Islam, the book that is considered the word of God (Allah) is the:
a. Sunna.
b. Qur"an.
c. Qiyas.
d. Ijma.
A majority of Canada's ten provinces have chosen to contract with the federal
government for police services and therefore have Mounties serving as provincial
police.
a. True
b. False
The primary source of law in the Eastern Asia legal tradition is divine revelation.
a. True
b. False
A procurator is a person charged with soliciting prostitution.
a. True
b. False
Like most industrialized countries, the primary means of police deployment in Japan is
by patrol car.
a. True
b. False
One million dollars in $100 bills can fit into one doctor's bag of standard size and be
simply carried out of the country.
a. True
b. False
The National Central Bureau set up in each of Interpol's member countries is
responsible for all the following EXCEPT:
a. maintaining open communication channels to all police units in the country.
b. crime investigation and criminal apprehension for cases originating in other
countries.
c. maintaining connections with NCBs of all other member countries.
d. serving as liaison with the General Secretariat.
The basic (or traditional) formula to determine a country's rate of imprisonment (Ir)
involves dividing the number of persons in prison by the _____, then multiplying the
result by 100,000.
a. number of persons released from prison
b. number of persons sentenced to community supervision
c. total number of crimes committed
d. total population of the country
The United States and Mexico have "equal status" in their bilateral agreements.
a. True
b. False
After a change in government leadership, Irena is put in charge of revamping her
Central European country's police academy. To the extent that Irena researches police
academies of other European countries when they were at a similar developmental
stage, Irena is using what approach?
a. Historical
b. Situational
c. Political
d. Descriptive
Australia is the only continent settled as a penal colony.
a. True
b. False
When studying a crime's etiology, one is studying:
a. its causes, origins, and distributions.
b. its frequency.
c. its victims.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
Which of the following best defines the concept of parens patriae?
a. The state must protect its citizens from misbehaving young people.
b. The state must defer to a child's parents when that child misbehaves.
c. The state is obliged to serve as guardian over children who are in such adverse
conditions that their health or law"abiding nature is in jeopardy.
d. The state must hold parents responsible for the misbehavior of their children.
Japanese police use informal tactics to handle minor infractions and the main tactic
used is to require the offender to apologize to the victim.
a. True
b. False
In many countries around the world, there is no separate facility for persons awaiting
trial. They are simply housed in the same facility as are convicted prisoners.
a. True
b. False
Because so many defendants have confessed, what is the primary role of defense
counsel during a trial in Japan?
a. Convince the court that the confession was coerced
b. Challenge the police on cross-examination
c. Present mitigating circumstances that may evoke sympathy for the defendant
d. Console the defendant
A technique by which flexibility is achieved under common law is:
a. legal tradition.
b. mazalim.
c. canon law.
d. particularization.
To emphasize the reluctance in Japan to impose formal sanctions, the textbook's
flowchart of 1,000 hypothetical cases shows that about half of the cases would either
have prosecution suspended or that no action toward prosecution would even be
attempted.
a. True
b. False
Throughout the world, youths are most likely to misbehave when they are with their
peers.
a. True
b. False
Although handgun ownership in the country of _____ is below the 3 percent average of
all countries, it has the highest percentage of robberies where a handgun is used and the
highest percentage of assaults and threats with a handgun.
Codes exist in common law jurisdictions, but codification in the civil legal tradition is
distinguished by its revolutionary nature and _____ form.
A basic source of Shari"a is the _____, which refers to the way the Prophet Muhammad
lived his life.
Unlike the tariff-type fines in the United States that base a fine amount on the severity
of the offense, the European _____ fine links the fine amount to both the severity of the
offense and the offender's ability to pay.
Using the sport analogy offered by Pizzi in Chapter 5, explain some of the ways that the
adversarial and inquisitorial systems differ.
The criminal activity linked to computers that occurs when the computer is used as a
tool in committing a crime is called _____ theft.
The _____ is a treaty-based framework of countries that defines and manages economic
and political cooperation among its 27 members.
Describe and distinguish among the three approaches to studying criminal justice
systems by taking an international perspective.
The first court level at which an accused is entitled to a trial by jury in England is the
_____ Court.
Describe the welfare and justice aspects of China's juvenile justice system that result in
its placement along the continuum of juvenile justice models.
By American standards, French trial courts seem bound by few restrictions on the kind
of evidence that can be introduced (e. g., prior convictions of the accused are admissible
as relevant evidence). The textbook explained this apparent permissiveness using three
factors. List and explain those factors.
In the inquisitorial system, power is concentrated more in the position of _____ than in
the position of prosecutor.
New Zealand's _____ Group Conference operates as an alternative to courts for young
people who have not been arrested and as a mechanism for making sentence
recommendations to judges for young people who have been arrested.
The two countries with the highest percentages of handgun ownership are Switzerland
and _____.
Whereas the term civil law is frequently used in America to refer to a type of law
dealing with _____ wrongs, it is understood in most of the rest of the world as referring
to written codes.
Between the United States and Europe, wiretapping as a crime-fighting technique
seems to be more regularly practiced and with less oversight in _____.
The _____ model of juvenile justice views juveniles as rational beings who must be
held accountable for their behavior.
Under Islamic law, _____ is the type of crime that requires equivalent retaliation by the
victim or the victim's family.
Under the _____ system, truth is said to arise from competition between opposing sides,
so the emphasis is on the trial phase.
