In Saudi Arabia, the judge’s findings must be based solely on:
a. written documents.
b. oral proceedings conducted during the court hearing.
c. “real” evidence such as fingerprints or ballistics.
d. none of the above.
Although generally imprecise, the various international standards and guidelines for a
country’s juvenile justice system do agree that:
a. rehabilitation of the juvenile should be given greater weight than punishment.
b. punishment of the juvenile should be given greater weight than rehabilitation.
c. violent juveniles should be punished but juvenile property offenders should be
rehabilitated.
d. whether punished or rehabilitated, the juvenile justice system should handle only
persons younger than 14.
A duty of China’s Supreme People’s Court is to approve all death sentences imposed by
intermediate or higher people’s courts.
a. True
b. False
For purposes of comparative criminal justice, the essential principles of Confucianism
lie in the concepts of:
a. li and fa.
b. individualism and religion.
c. moral philosophy and oral tradition.
d. socialism and collectivism.
Very few countries have a policing system wherein many police departments operate in
a rather uncoordinated manner without any central authority providing administrative
direction. Mexico is one such country. Which of the following is another?
a. United States
b. Poland
c. Japan
d. Nigeria
The United States was one of the first countries to sign (in 1990) the Convention on the
Rights of the Child.
a. True
b. False
When increased understanding of criminal justice systems in other countries allows a
particular country to gain ideas for improving its own system, which of the following
benefits of an international perspective is being provided?
a. Provincial
b. Universal
c. Ecumenical
d. Cosmopolitan
The age of criminal responsibility in China is 16. However, persons ages 14″16 who
commit serious crimes such as murder can be held criminally responsible but be subject
to lesser punishment.
a. True
b. False
Suspension of prosecution in Japan is:
a. used for offenses ranging from homicide to gambling.
b. infrequently used (less than 5 percent of the criminal cases).
c. under the authority of police rather than the prosecutor.
d. used only for traffic offenses.
What single factor best explains Canada’s contracting system of policing?
a. Economics
b. Politics
c. Religion
d. Bilingualism
Why is adultery considered one of the hudud offenses?
a. It violates the property rights of the husband whose wife engaged in the adultery
b. It prevents religious officials from being able to control who is engaged in sexual
relations
c. If left unchecked it could disrupt the social fabric of the community
d. Actually, adultery is not a hadd
Unlike in the American system, in which appeals center on issues of law, not fact, in the
Italian system appeals are automatic and defendants can ask to retry the entire case in a
first round of appeals.
a. True
b. False
The penalty for highway robbery in Saudi Arabia is cross-amputation, which means the
convicted person is placed upside down on a cross as both hands are amputated.
a. True
b. False
Provincial benefits of an international perspective include providing new insight and
understanding of one’s own system.
a. True
b. False
The three key institutions of the European Union are
a. European Parliament, Council of the European Union, and the European
Commission.
b. Europol, Interpol, and International Criminal Court.
c. Free trade, free movement, and free media.
d. Germany, France, and Spain.
In some European countries, police officers have duties similar to public prosecutors or
actually act as the prosecutor in lower-level courts.
a. True
b. False
The country of “Justiceland” has five national police forces with two reporting to one
government ministry and three to another ministry. All five forces have rather broad
duties and there is often disagreement regarding which force is responsible for
enforcing the law in any particular jurisdiction. Justiceland would probably be
categorized as having a _____ police structure:
a. centralized single
b. centralized multiple coordinated
c. centralized multiple uncoordinated
d. decentralized multiple coordinated
Which of the following grand theories attributes the decline of violent crime during the
17th, 18th, and 19th centuries to the gradual introduction of courtly manners?
a. Modernization theory
b. Civilization theory
c. World system theory
d. Opportunity theory
According to the World Drug Report, which part of the illicit drug market has had the
most apparent expansion?
a. cannabis.
b. opiates.
c. amphetamine-type stimulates.
d. synthetic drugs.
Rosemary’s descriptive account comparing the criminal justice systems in eight
different countries notes that all of the countries require that similar jobs be done and
that assignment of duties is also similar among the countries. As a result, Rosemary’s
account emphasizes specific positions within each system rather than describing each
system’s underlying structure. Which strategy is Rosemary taking in her descriptive
approach?
a. Institutions/actors
b. Positions/stations
c. Functions/procedures
d. Tasks/techniques
The smallest area(s) of police deployment in Japan is (are) the:
a. koban and chuzaisho.
b. police station.
c. regional police bureau.
d. prefectural police headquarters.
Under the adversarial system, the defendant is expected, but not required, to cooperate
with investigation and court officials.
a. True
b. False
Why is precedent considered a basic concept in the common legal tradition?
a. It provides a way to identify custom through reference to earlier case decisions
b. It forces judges to follow the written code
c. It allows laypeople (jurors) to influence the law
d. It refers to the process legislators must follow when they create common law
Of the three ways to study different criminal justice systems, which one does the text
suggest is most helpful in understanding the difficulty of establishing a contemporary
Iraqi police force?
a. Historical
b. Situational
c. Political
d. Descriptive
Indigenous law refers to a culture’s original law.
a. True
b. False
Generally speaking, most countries in _____ have abolished the death penalty.
a. Europe
b. the Middle East
c. North Africa
d. the Asia-Pacific region
Around the world, women prisoners are generally responded to in a very similar
manner. These similarities can be explained by:
a. a lower percentage of female inmates in all countries.
b. a tendency to imprison drug offenders.
c. similarity in the needs and problems the female inmates face.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Young Agatha is being diverted from England’s formal juvenile justice system with a
pre-court order that requires her to stop going to the local arcade. What type of
pre-court order is this?
a. Final warning
b. Acceptable behavior contract
c. Antisocial behavior order
d. Reparation order
The police of one European Union country are allowed to pursue criminals across
borders into another European Union country.
a. True
b. False
One aspect of custom, according to Blackstone, is that no one can remember its
beginning.
a. True
b. False
After completing a law degree in a civil law country, it is possible for the recent
graduate to begin a career as a judge immediately.
a. True
b. False
Using Amnesty International’s definitions, about what percentage of the world’s
countries retain the death penalty?
a. 5 percent
b. 30 percent
c. 77 percent
d. 95 percent
When comparing crime rates among countries, which of the following points should be
considered before drawing conclusions?
a. The differences in the legal definitions of crime
b. How the recording and reporting practices may vary
c. Such social features as the availability of medical facilities
d. All of the above
e. None of the above