Since common law was unwritten law, to what did judges “turn” as they decided if an
act was criminal or not?
a. Immemorial custom
b. Oral historians
c. Church documents
d. A fifteenth-century French code
When comparative criminologists study crime as a social phenomenon, the main focus
of the study is the:
a. offender.
b. victim.
c. region where the crime took place.
d. crime itself.
Police misconduct occurs in which type of police structure?
a. Decentralized single
b. Centralized single
c. Decentralized multiple uncoordinated
d. Decentralized multiple coordinated
e. All the above
According to Interpol statistics, which of the following countries was among those
reporting the most thefts of cultural objects?
a. France
b. United States
c. Japan
d. Brazil
The Tokyo Rules, which provide the primary international standards for community
sanctions, have as guiding principles each of the following except:
a. a wide range of alternatives to prison should be provided.
b. early release from prison should be encouraged.
c. electronic monitoring should be used for parolees but not probationers.
d. upon their release from prison, offenders should be reintegrated into society.
According to international research on self”reported delinquency around the world:
a. in all countries, the less parental supervision, the more delinquent behavior.
b. boys and girls were equally likely to commit violent offenses in all the countries.
c. boys and girls were equally likely to commit property offenses in all the countries.
d. juvenile delinquency mostly involves serious offenses.
Koban is one of Japan’s three main law enforcement organizations.
a. True
b. False
When countries are compared in terms of the process they follow to accomplish such
things as pretrial detention, the functions/procedures strategy is being used.
a. True
b. False
In Japan the government is not obligated to provide defense assistance for an indigent
arrested or detained person. Why?
a. There is no actual status of “arrested” nor “detained” in the Japanese system
b. Japanese courts have ruled that there is no likelihood of police misconduct at this
stage
c. At that stage, assistance of counsel is only a privilege rather than a right
d. None of the above
In Japan, a person’s self”worth and identity are best described as stemming from the:
a. personal achievements of the individual.
b. occupation of the person’s parents.
c. groups to which the person belongs.
d. person’s age.
China’s Law on Delinquency Prevention classifies juvenile offenses into three
categories. For which one is the official response most likely to involve sending the
juvenile to Work and Study School for a period of 2-3 years?
a. Childish acts
b. Juvenile misbehavior
c. Serious juvenile misbehavior
d. Juvenile criminal law violations
Islamic procedural law is best described as:
a. inquisitorial.
b. adversarial.
c. a combination of inquisitorial and adversarial.
d. None of the above
When a state legislature sets up a corrections system for the express purpose of
retaliating for a wrong committed against state citizens, which punishment goal is the
legislature seeking?
a. Retribution
b. Specific deterrence
c. General deterrence
d. Rehabilitation
e. Incapacitation
When the court is deciding if the accused is guilty or innocent, the court is addressing
a(n):
a. substantive law issue.
b. question of law.
c. question of fact.
d. issue of rapport.
Restitution can replace retaliation under Islamic law as found in the use of:
a. diyya.
b. dinero.
c. tazir.
d. re”attachment of amputated fingers.
Executions in Japan are carried out at a secret (even to the condemned) time and
location.
a. True
b. False
The civil legal tradition is also considered to be an example of the
religious/philosophical legal family.
a. True
b. False