America’s Black and Hispanic populations make up about 13 percent and 16 percent of
the nation’s total population, respectively, and make up about the same percentage of its
prison population.
a. True
b. False
What is the standard of proof to be used by the lay jurors and professional magistrates
in a French trial?
a. Are you inwardly (or thoroughly) convinced that the accused is guilty?
b. Are you convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused is guilty?
c. Do you find that the majority of evidence shows the accused is guilty?
d. Will you swear to you conviction that the accused is guilty?
When increased understanding of criminal justice systems in other countries allows
those countries to cooperate in fighting crime, which of the following benefits of an
international perspective is being provided?
a. Provincial
b. Universal
c. Local
d. Parochial
A properly issued European Arrest Warrant gives the police of European country “A”
the right to arrest, then return to European country “B”, a suspect from “B” without
requiring traditional extradition procedures.
a. True
b. False
The parenting order, which is a way to sanction parents of misbehaving young people in
England and Wales, has two elements. Which of the following is one of those?
a. Parents must pay restitution to their child’s victim
b. Parents must relinquish control of their child to a social worker who will set and
enforce standards of behavior for the child
c. Parents must attend counseling or guidance sessions, for up to 3 months, where they
receive help in dealing with their children
d. At least one parent must be confined in the local jail for 3 hours every Saturday for a
period, decided by the court, of up to 18 months
What three structures currently operate to aid cross”national police cooperation in
Europe?
a. Interpol; Europol; United Nations
b. Europol; Schengen Convention; League of Nations
c. FBI”Europe; Interpol; Scotland Yard
d. Interpol; Europol; Schengen Convention
Koban vary in size and shape and are all found in rural areas.
a. True
b. False
What agency collects and disseminates information on international criminals as a way
to assist countries in solving crimes and securing the arrest, detention, and extradition
of suspects?
a. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
b. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
c. Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
d. International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
Although theft is a hadd requiring amputation of the offender’s hand, only theft of the
following item is likely to result in that punishment.
a. Dry wood
b. Automobile
c. Fruit
d. Alcohol
Probably the easiest and most accurate way to explain the inquisitorial process is to
simply note its similarity to the Spanish Inquisition.
a. True
b. False
Legislation in New Zealand established who/what as the locus for authority and
expertise on matters of juvenile delinquency?
a. The family, including extended family members
b. The nuclear family (father and mother)
c. The juvenile court
d. The local department of social services
Despite its seemingly commonsense nature, the parenting order in England and Wales
does not appear to be having any positive affect on parenting skill, on parent-child
relationships, or on reconviction rates of the young people whose parents were in the
program.
a. True
b. False
After peaking in the early 2000s, Japan’s crime rate:
a. has remained steady at post-World War II highs.
b. has declined and is now back to levels seen twenty years earlier.
c. remains among the highest of all industrialized countries.
d. increases and decreases in tandem with Japan’s imprisonment rate.
Following a basic principle of the American republic, primary responsibility for
maintaining law and order in the United States falls to the federal government.
a. True
b. False
The Regional Parole Board (RPB) makes the decision regarding release on parole in
Japan. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors used by the RPB in making
that decision?
a. The prisoner has served at least one-third of the sentence
b. The prisoner repents and has shown progress during confinement
c. The prisoner has confirmed a place to work and to live upon release
d. Society will accept the parole
Which of the following comprises the largest number (about two-thirds) of people in
India’s prisons?
a. Persons awaiting trial (the “undertrials”)
b. Persons convicted and serving a sentence
c. Persons who are mentally ill
d. Persons placed in preventive custody in the interest of preserving public order
Provincial benefits of an international perspective include:
a. furnishing ideas to improve one’s own system.
b. a means to compare and contrast one’s own system.
c. providing new insight and understanding of one’s own system.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
Lyda the librarian has grouped recently received DVDs into three categories according
to whether they are most relevant to the topic of community policing, police training, or
search and seizure procedures. Which classification strategy has Lyda used?
a. Authentic
b. Genuine
c. Synthetic
d. Credible
Which court would you find in Nigeria?
a. Magistrates’ Court
b. Federal High Court
c. Shari”a Court
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Why can Venezuela and Portugal be described as having two of the most extensive
systems of judicial review in the world?
a. All courts in each country can declare a law to be unconstitutional.
b. Each country has a specific constitutional court that can declare laws
unconstitutional.
c. All courts in each country can determine the constitutionality of laws, but each
country also has a specific court charged with that responsibility.
d. Determining constitutionality of laws is handled by the legislature in each country, so
no law is passed until it is considered constitutional.
The United States and Canada are two countries that have successfully balanced the
sometimes competing goals of crime control and due process by achieving both goals
simultaneously.
a. True
b. False
The country of “Justiceland” has police forces operating at the federal, state, and local
levels with the appropriate government authorities having independent control over the
police at each level. Each police type has specific laws to enforce, and there is no
appreciable overlapping of jurisdiction among the three. Justiceland would probably be
categorized as having a _____ police structure:
a. centralized single
b. decentralized single
c. centralized multiple coordinated
d. decentralized multiple coordinated
e. decentralized multiple uncoordinated
According to the figure in Chapter 8, _____ has a much higher imprisonment rate than
does _____.
a. the United States / Russia
b. Russia / Japan
c. Japan / South Africa
d. Australia / Canada
At age _____, India has one of the youngest ages of criminal responsibility, whereas
Argentina, at age _____ has one of the oldest.
a. 3 / 7
b. 7 / 16
c. 10 / 22
d. 13 / 22
Latin American countries today are more likely to have lay people helping in the
defense of an accused person than to provide legally trained professionals.
a. True
b. False
The two primary problems encountered when seeking to compare crime in two or more
countries are:
a. ensuring that crime data are published as a rate per 100,000 population and that the
countries being compared are on the same continent.
b. making sure the countries being compared are similar in population size and that they
have similar percentages of young people.
c. finding countries that same a common religion and finding countries that report
police data rather than court data.
d. ensuring that crime data have been defined, reported, and recorded in a similar
manner and that the data are compiled in a manner that allows researchers to
conveniently compare many countries.
The primary source of law in the civil legal tradition is:
a. custom.
b. written code.
c. divine revelation.
d. principles of Confucianism.
With the advent of a system of citizen judges, Japan’s courts now:
a. have an American-style jury system.
b. use a mixed panel with 3 professional judges and 6 citizens.
c. allow citizens, whether legally trained or not, to serve as judges in summary courts.
d. use the British model of magistrates’ courts for minor offenses.
The term actus reus refers to a person having a “guilty mind.”
a. True
b. False
Because trial proceedings under Islamic law are as much a mediation process as one of
adjudication, the parties do not necessarily need:
a. the assistance of counsel.
b. to be present at the trial.
c. to be heard by the judge.
d. to distinguish which is the victim.
China’s Supreme People’s Court is charged with three responsibilities. Which of the
following is NOT one of those?
a. Supervising the work of local courts
b. Hearing appeals against legal decisions of the Higher People’s Courts
c. Trying criminal cases of a serious or complicated nature
d. Providing judicial guidance as to how the judicial process is to be carried out
nationwide
The primary purpose of the exclusionary rule was to deter police misconduct.
a. True
b. False
Today, Spain has three major law enforcement systems. Which of the following is NOT
one of them?
a. Policia Municipal
b. Gendarmerie
c. Guardia Civil
d. Cuerpo Nacional de Policia
When the Court in McBoyle v. United States ruled that taking an airplane did not qualify
as the taking of a ‘self-propelled vehicle,” the general characteristic of criminal law that
the Court emphasized was _____.
In Japan, the _____ are a minority group even though they are culturally and physically
indistinguishable from other Japanese citizens.
Under the _____ system, truth is said to arise from a continuing investigation, so the
emphasis is on the screening process.
In France, the Gendarmerie Nationale is the older police force and has primary
responsibility for enforcing the law in rural areas, whereas the Police _____ is the
larger force and has primary responsibility for urban areas.
Describe the three steps that are necessary for achieving the Rule of Law.
Under the _____ type of legal profession, all legal professionals are considered to have
the basic knowledge and training to participate in any of the various fields of law (e. g.,
criminal, tax, corporate).
Some observers may think that Islamic law has less appreciation for the seriousness of
murder (a qisas crime) than for theft or drinking alcohol (found in the higher-category
hudud offenses). Why, according to your textbook, would that be an inaccurate
assumption?
Adjudication proceedings in Japan have both adversarial and inquisitorial aspects, but
there is greater emphasis on the _____ model as seen in the active role taken by the
prosecutor in developing the facts of the case.
In Saudi Arabia, adjudication lies primarily with a single judge called a _____.
Overseeing the youth justice system in England and Wales is the _____ Board.
_____ is the sole example of a single police force under decentralized command.
Japanese police officers are addressed by the public as _____ (the Honorable Mr.
Walkabout); a very descriptive name given for the police officers’ tendency to “walk
around” their patrol area instead of riding in a patrol car.
List and describe three benefits that taking an international perspective can have for
scholars, practitioners, and policy makers interested in the American criminal justice
system.
Simon’s training and position have prepared him for the general practice of law with
full rights of appearance in England’s lower courts and limited appearance rights in the
higher courts. Simon is a ______.
The primary source of law in the common legal tradition is _____.
Corporal punishment, when applied as a sentence for criminal behavior, is more
accurately called _____ corporal punishment.
It seems that the closest thing Islamic law might have to common law’s stare decisis is
_____, or reasoning by analogy.
When a judge sentences a shoplifter to prison so that other people will be kept from
shoplifting, the judge’s sentence is best explained as meeting the goal of _____
deterrence.
_____ law was the universal law of the spiritual realm and was administered by the
church courts.
When one is interested in the manner in which laws are enforced, he is interested in
_____ criminal law.