Psychology of Language 5th Edition

1) a speech act serves a.to communicate information b.to serve as an action c.to determine the literal meaning of a sentence d.to guide conversation Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) in the bock and a.lemma b.lexeme c.morpheme d.basic-level Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 3) bickertons (1984) preemption principle stated that when ______________, the language bipogram was suppressed. a.children were exposed to a second language b.children had

1) the derivational theory of complexity held that the psychological complexity of a sentence was closely related to the: a.number of phrase-structure rules in its derivation b.number of transformational rules in its derivation c.number of recursions in its derivation d.number of particle movements in its derivation Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) research on the relationship between

1) childrens first use of negative sentences reflects which operating principle? a.pay attention to the ends of words b.avoid exceptions c.avoid interruptions or rearrangement of linguistic units d.pay attention to the order of words and morphemes Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) the relationship between words and things in the world is the _____ of a word. a.sense b.reference c.connotation d.denotation Answer:

1) later chimp language studies focused on: a.teaching chimps a simpler form of signing b.whether chimps could teach signs to younger chimps without human intervention c.socializing chimps so that they have a more natural need for communication d.teaching chimps to sign in the wild Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) an auxiliary language that arises when speakers

1) according to fromkins model, what is the correct order of stages of production? a.syntactic structure, content words, phonetic segments, intonation contour b..content words, syntactic structure, phonetic segments, intonation contour c.syntactic structure, intonation contour, content words, phonetic segment d.content words, syntactic structure, intonation contour, phonetic segments Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) gleitman, gleitman, and shipley (1972)

1) baddeley, gathercole, and papagno (1998) used a _______ test to study the relationship between working memory and vocabulary development in children. a.memory span b.digit span c.reading comprehension d.deferred imitation Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) studies of mispronunciation detection have found that restorations are: a.more fluent than exact repetitions b.more common than exact repetition c.less common than exact repetitions d.less

1) __________ is the process of relating incoming information to information already stored in permanent memory. a.instantiation b.inferencing c.elaboration d.retention Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which of the following points support the theory that gestural language preceded the evolution of speech? a.children who are bilingual in speech and sign generally are more advanced in speech b.it is generally

1) children sometimes use sentences such as see window and shake hands early in language development. according to the parameter setting view, they do so because: a.they initially assume that sentences without subjects are grammatical b.they do not have the processing capacity to produce all of the grammatical elements of the utterance c.they prefer

1) homesign, studied by goldin-meadow and others, is an example of: a.a fully developed signed language b.a pidgin c.a creole d.a dialect Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) studies by warren and colleagues indicate that if a speech sound in a sentence is replaced by a cough, listeners still perceive the sound. this is called: a.categorical perception b.phonemic restoration c.shadowing

1) woods (1975) study of evoked potentials found right-ear advantages when speech stimuli were presented and: a.the stimuli were semantically meaningful b.the stimuli were familiar c.the task was linguistic in nature d.the stimuli were processed holistically Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) _______ occurs when a word presented earlier activates a word with a related meaning. a.semantic priming b.morphological

1) metalinguistic skills are thought to develop _________ the primary skills of speaking and listening a.well before b.just before c.concurrently with d.after Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) when we say that languages differ in their degree of differentiation of semantic domains, we mean that: a.speakers of different languages think about words in different ways b.speakers of different languages use

1) according to piaget, the transition from the sensorimotor period to the preoperational is signaled by: a.the appearance of the childs first word b.the childs ability to walk unaided c.deferred imitation and pretend play d.the ability of a child to discriminate speech sounds Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) speakers are almost never interrupted when: a.they look directly

1) the phenomenon of producing more than one speech sound at a time is called: a.coarticulation b.context-conditioned variation c.parallel transmission d.formant interaction Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) mehler et al (1988) showed that infants can distinguish intonational contours in their maternal language and those in another language by: a.one year b.six months c.two months d.four days Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 3) including

1) the method of inducing subjects to produce errors such as barn door after producing sequences such as bell dark and bean deck, and darn bore is known as the _______________ technique: a.lexical bias b.production cycle c.anticipatory retracing d.phonological bias Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) patients who can process visual language but not auditory language are

1) studies of the comprehension of indirect speech acts have led to the conclusion that: a.indirect speech acts are easier to comprehend than direct speech acts b.indirect speech acts are harder to comprehend than direct speech acts c.indirect speech acts are no easier or harder to comprehend than direct speech acts when presented

1) when children acquire two languages at the same time, their bilingualism is referred to as: a.sequential b.simultaneous c.mutual d.secondary Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) in a lexical decision experiment, a participant must decide: a.if a word is ambiguous or not b.if a word is a content word or a function word c.what syntactic category a word belongs to d.whether

1) in order to preserve cognitive economy, collins and quillian suggested that we store semantic information: a.only at the highest possible node b.at every appropriate node c.at those nodes used most commonly d.only at the lexeme level Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) patients with conduction aphasia: a.have trouble producing grammatical sentences b.have trouble choosing the correct word for

1) the bundle of fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres is called the: a.angular gyrus b.association cortex c.arcuate fasciculus d.corpus callosum Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) browns (1973) study of grammatical morphemes found that the _____ morpheme was the earliest acquired. a.possessive b.present progressive c.plural d.past tense Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 3) _________ is crucial for establishing the truth value

1) christianson and colleagues (2001) presented participants with sentences such as while anna dressed the baby played in the crib and found that many participants: a.misinterpreted the sentences initially then corrected themselves b.never actually comprehended the sentences accurately c.used a variety of parsing strategies d.tended to err when the sentences were long or used

1) a characteristic that distinguishes each phoneme from every other is called a(n): a.distinctive feature b.morpheme c.phone d.inflection Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) children who have mastered object permanence begin to use words that refer to: a.objects that dont move b.objects that they can move or manipulate themselves c.any object in the immediate environment d.objects that are not immediately present Answer:

1) intersection search refers to the process of: a.activating multiple meanings of a word in parallel b.searching for information relevant to both items in a semantic verification task c.the process of activating words base on their initial consonant d.deciding whether a string of letters is a word Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) a _________ occurs when

1) chomsky used the sentence colorless green ideas sleep furiously to illustrate the point that: a.the associative chain theory of language was invalid b.each word in a sentence serves as a stimulus for the next word c.we use meaning more than syntax in comprehending sentences d.aphasia disrupts semantic relationships between words Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) a

1) when we say, can you open the door? instead of open the door! we are using rules of politeness. these rules are part of which aspect of linguistic knowledge? a.syntax b.pragmatics c.phonology d.semantics Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) studies of teacher-student communication in the classroom have found that: a.teachers tend to request more information from those

1) the strong form of the whorf hypothesis holds that: a.languages differ in the ease with which certain ideas can be expressed b.the presence of linguistic categories creates cognitive categories c.language influences specialized modes of thought d.ultimately, all languages express reality in the same way Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) agrammatic speech is characterized by: a.the omission

1) a child who says fweet instead of sweet would be illustrating the phonological process called: a.reduction b.coalescence c.assimilation d.reduplication Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) the type of memory that holds traces of events that are specific to a time and place is called _____ memory. a.semantic b.working c.episodic d.secondary Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) a rule that refers to itself, such

1) recent research on gender and language: a.confirmed that women use tag questions more than men b. do not find that women use tag questions more than men c.found that women used tag questions more when they were the more powerful partner in the relationship d.found that either party used tag questions more when they

1) children with williams syndrome display: a.normal cognitive development but delayed syntactic skills b.delayed cognitive development but normal syntactic skills c.delayed cognitive development and delayed syntactic skills d.normal cognitive development and poor semantic skills Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which is not true of planning and production cycles of speech? a.the ratio of speaking to pausing time

1) a child who says baba for basket is illustrating: a.reduction b.coalescence c.assimilation d.reduplication Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) werker and tees (1984) examined how infants from english-speaking families perceived phonemic contrasts from other languages (hindi and (salish/thompson). the study showed that: a.infant girls were better at perceiving non-native contrasts than infant boys were b.infants perceived hindi contrasts

1) the smallest unit of sound that makes a difference in meaning is a(n): a.phone b.phoneme c.morpheme d.inflection Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) the study of how children develop language is known as: a.language comprehension b.language production c.language acquisition d.metalanguage Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) ________ are produced by impeding the airflow at some location in the vocal tract. a.vowels b.semi-vowels c.consonants d.formants Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 4)

1) an individual who is present during a conversation but not directly involved in a given conversational exchange is called a(n): a.eavesdropper b.participant c.overhearer d.side participant Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) the words sand, mud, and air are: a.count nouns b.complex nouns c.mass nouns d.regular nouns Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) children who acquire language using an expressive strategy tend to: a.use dummy

1) studies of the role of titles in text comprehension have shown that: a.titles are only comprehended after the passage is understood b.titles orient readers to particular aspects of a passage c.readers often find titles to be distracting d.subjects ignore titles when searching for an appropriate schema Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) in studies of speech

1) ________ models are inspired by patterns of neural activity in the brain. a.parallel distributed processing b.modularity c.visuospatial sketchpad d.autonoetic Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) bickertons language bioprogram hypothesis: a.suggests that children are born with a backup linguistic system b.cannot explain reports of congenitally deaf children who formed their own gestural system of communication c.does not apply when the