1) childrens first use of negative sentences reflects which operating principle?
a.pay attention to the ends of words
b.avoid exceptions
c.avoid interruptions or rearrangement of linguistic units
d.pay attention to the order of words and morphemes
2) the relationship between words and things in the world is the _____ of a word.
a.sense
b.reference
c.connotation
d.denotation
3) in the baddeley and hitch (1974) model, _________ is a subsystem of working
memory.
a.the sensory store
b.the visuospatial sketchpad
c.the speech perception module
d.primary memory
4) according to the text discussion, students might have difficulty remembering the
most important points in a lecture because:
a.the schemata of students is in conflict with the schemata of lecturers
b.students rely on written text to construct an appropriate schema
c.students lack a relevant schema for unfamiliar material
d.the creation of a schema during a lecture competes with the auditory processing of the
lecture
5) a words place in a system of relationships with other words in the vocabulary is
called its:
a.sense
b.reference
c.connotation
d.denotation
6) studies of therapeutic discourse have found that therapists are unwilling to challenge
client statements, because:
a.conflict reduces the rapport needed for therapeutic change
b.the client might think that the therapist was judging them.
c.therapists always need to conceal their own opinions from the client
d. those statements necessarily set the direction for the therapeutic session.
7) the werker and tees (1984) study suggested that our ability to perceive phonemic
distinctions:
a.is set at infancy and does not decline with age.
b.is only complete if, as infants, we are exposed to speech sounds that do not occur
within our native language
c.is fully-developed at infancy and declines rapidly over the first year of life
d.depends entirely on the number and type of phonemes within our native language
8) lennenberg (1967) hypothesized that hemispheric differences did not exist at birth
(i.e., developed throughout childhood) based on evidence that:
a.damage to the right hemisphere in the first two years of life resulted in as much
disruption of speech development as damage to the left hemisphere
b. isolated and feral children were eventually able to learn some language
c. infant brains are better able to reorganize function after injury
d.removal of the right hemisphere results in less language disruption than removal of
the right hemisphere.
9) criticism of chimp language studies focus on:
a.how well chimps were able to sign, given the shape and mobility of their hands
b.the period of time that chimps could remember particular signs
c.the point at which the chimps would be able to switch to spoken language
d.how much of the chimps signing was imitative
10) tacit knowledge of language is best illustrated by:
a.our ability to describe the relationships between two words
b.our ability to perform activities such as listening and speaking without fully
understanding the processes involved in them
c.our ability to analyze the structure of a sentence
d.all of the above
11) according to hauser, chomsky and fitch (2002), the difference between the faculty of
language in the broad sense (flb) and the faculty of language in the narrow sense (fln) is
that:
a.fln only includes recursion, and so is unique to humans
b.flb only includes recursion, and so is unique to humans
c.flb contains no components that support human language
d.fln contains no components that support human language
12) linguistic productivity is best described as the ability to:
a.produce and comprehend novel sentences
b.speak more than one language
c.speak in semantically correct sentences
d.describe linguistic knowledge in explicit terms
13) a theory of language that explains the role of linguistic universals in evolution is
said to have:
a.observational adequacy
b.descriptive adequacy
c.explanatory adequacy
d. linguistic productivity
14) piaget referred to the concepts we use to organize our experience as:
a.imitiations
b.intuitions
c.schemata
d.episodes
15) aphasics who display category-specific dissociations:
a.are unable to read or write
b.are unable to recognize faces
c.are unable to process certain types of words or word categories
d.cannot perform tasks that have a spatial component
16) which of the following reflects the sequence of childrens early vocalizations?
a.crying, babbling, assimilation, cooing
b.babbling, cooing, coalescence, ideomorphs
c.cooing, babbling, idiomorphs, holophrases
d.cooing, babbling, holophrases, assimilation
17) the class of models that assumes that words are represented in the internal lexicon
within a network of interconnecting nodes is called:
a.hierarchical network models
b.spreading activation models
c.lemma-based models
d.cohort models
18) according to fromkins model of production, the speech error stop beating your brick
against a head wall occurs at the _____ stage.
a.content word
b.intonation contour
c.phonetic segment
d.affix
19) jarvella (1971) presented individuals with a long oral passage, interrupted it at
irregular intervals, and had them write down as much of the preceding discourse as they
could, verbatim. the results showed that the percentage of correct recall of a clause was
greater if:
a.it was part of the current sentence as opposed to the preceding sentence
b.they were allowed to try to complete the sentence orally
c.it was pragmatically significant
d.it could be imagined visually
20) when children encounter a new word, they usually assume that it refers to the entire
object rather than to part of the object. this is called the:
a.mutual exclusivity bias
b.sensorimotor bias
c.whole object bias
d.taxonomic bias