1) the smallest unit of sound that makes a difference in meaning is a(n):
a.phone
b.phoneme
c.morpheme
d.inflection
2) the study of how children develop language is known as:
a.language comprehension
b.language production
c.language acquisition
d.metalanguage
3) ________ are produced by impeding the airflow at some location in the vocal tract.
a.vowels
b.semi-vowels
c.consonants
d.formants
4) motleys (1980) study of sexually themed slips of the tongue showed:
a.the degree to which undergraduates think about sex
b.that participants ideas influence the kinds of speech errors they make
c.the participants with the lowest sexual cognitive set responded with sexual
spoonerisms the most often
d.that in typical laboratory situations, subjects are unable to repress thoughts of a sexual
nature
5) the phenomenon in which we move the articulators in the vocal tract to the position
needed for upcoming sounds is referred to as:
a.incremental processing
b.anticipatory coarticulation
c.perseveratory coarticulation
d.self-monitoring
6) ________ refers to the fact that acoustic properties of different phonemes overlap in
time in the speech signal.
a.coarticulation
b.context-conditioned variation
c.rate of speech
d.parallel transmission
7) overextensions can be based on _____ similarity.
a.functional, phonological, or random
b.functional, perceptual, or affective
c.syntactic, semantic, and phonological
d.syntactic, semantic, and affective,
8) lasky, syrdal-lasky, and klein (1975) presented guatemalan infants from 4 to 6.5
months with vot contrasts corresponding to english, thai, and spanish phonemes. they
found that the infants distinguished:
a.the english and thai phonemes, but not the spanish phonemes
b.the spanish phonemes, but not the english or thai phonemes
c.the spanish and thai phonemes, but not the english phonemes
d.the spanish, english, and thai phonemes
9) in austins (1962) terminology, the act of saying something represents the:
a.perlocutionary effect
b.felicity condition
c.locutionary act
d.illocutionary force
10) children babble more often:
a.when adults are nearby
b.when other children are nearby
c.when they are alone
d.when spoken to
11) the speech sounds [p], [b], and [k] are instances of:
a.velar consonants
b.stop consonants
c.voiced consonants
d.alveolar consonants
12) which of the following phonological awareness tasks do kindergarten children find
easiest?
a.given a word (for example, task), identify what is left when the first consonant is
removed
b.given four words (for example, rat, dime, boat, mitt), identify the one with a different
final consonant
c.given a word (for example, fish), supply a rhyme
d.given two words (for example, cat, at), identify the sound present in one that is
missing in the other
13) good readers in the elementary grades tend to be superior to poor readers in
recognizing words:
a.by use of surrounding context
b.in an automatic fashion
c.by visual, non-phonological processing
d.by segmenting words into syllables
14) roger browns (1958) original word game can go wrong because:
a.more than one word can apply to a referent, and one word can apply to several
referents
b.caregivers typically name superordinate or subordinate terms, rather than basic-level
terms, when speaking to children
c.some objects do not have obvious basic-level terms
d.caregivers tend to refer to a part of an object rather than the whole.